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川普十个好总统,他与人民心连心
送交者: 木秀于林 2020年07月10日12:23:52 于 [五 味 斋] 发送悄悄话

此人民非彼人民。此指美国,彼指中国。

【We the people】是美国联邦宪法中最重要的三个字。此人民非彼人民。

《联邦宪法》一开始说:“我们美国人民,为了建立一个更完善的联邦,树立公平的司法制度,保障国内治安,筹设共同防卫,增进全民福利,是我们自己和后代子孙,永享自由的幸福,乃制定和确立这一部美国宪法。”

用“We the people”这三个字,联邦宪法表述出:人民建立了政府,政府为人民工作并保障人民的权力。在美利坚合众国,赋予政府的权力来自于人民。被称为“大众政权”(popular sovereignty)。由人民选举代表制定法律。

The idea of self-government is in the first three words of the Constitution:We the People。

The Constitution says:

“We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

With the words “We the People,” the Constitution states that the people set up the government. The government works for the people and protects the rights of people. In the United States, the power to govern comes from the people, who are the highest power. This is called “popular sovereignty.” The people elect representatives to make laws.

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《联邦宪法》的前十条,

【人权法案《the Bill of Rights》】

人权法案,指《联邦宪法》的前10条修正案。当年,国父们书写联邦宪法的时候,他们没有把精力集中在个人权力方面。他们把全部精力放在为新政府创建体系结构上面。

很多美国人深信,宪法应该保障人民的权力,他们要求宪法给出一个政府做能做到的保障清单。他们害怕一个过于强大的政府会抛弃人民通过革命战争得到的权力。

詹姆斯.麦迪逊(James Madison),创作宪法的国父之一,写出了限制政府权力、保障人民权利的一份列表,这些权力表述在宪法的前10条修正案中,叫做《人权法案》(the Bill of Rights)。

其中的一些权力包括诸如:

表达自由;武装权力(持枪权);

不受侵犯的权力;

一罪不可两罚的权力;

不能自己指证自己的权力;

被陪审团审判的权力;

对公诉人的权力;

不受逼供、滥用刑法的权力等。

人权法案于1791年通过。

 the first ten amendments to the Constitution:

【the Bill of Rights】

The Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the Constitution. When the Framers wrote the Constitution, they did not focus on individual rights. They focused on creating the system and structure of government. Many Americans believed that the Constitution should guarantee the rights of the people, and they wanted a list of all the things a government could not do. They were afraid that a strong government would take away the rights people won in the Revolutionary War. James Madison, one of the Framers of the Constitution,wrote a list of individual rights and limits on the government. These rights appear in the first 10 amendments, called the Bill of Rights.

Some of these rights include freedom of expression, the right to bear arms, freedom from search without warrant, freedom not to be tried twice for the same crime, the right to not testify against yourself, the right to a trial by a jury of your peers, the right to an attorney, and protection against excessive fines and unusual punishments. The Bill of Rights was ratified in 1791.


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