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The Rig Veda《ㄖㄨㄟㄍㄜ頌讚ㄨㄟㄉㄚ智識》六首試譯
送交者: 比較政策 2016年08月13日18:13:31 於 [彩虹之約] 發送悄悄話

 印度最古的聖典The Rig(歌頌/詩節[1]) Veda(智慧、知識)被音譯為《梨俱吠陀》,即使費力不去聯想這四個表意漢字組成的詞語的意義,發音也不準確。按照在“中文表示里導入漢音元素的提案”[2],可以譯為《ㄖㄨㄟㄍㄜ·ㄨㄟㄉ》;它也被意譯為《歌詠明論》或《贊誦明論,不過它不是歌詠[3],也不是“論文”,所以譯為《頌讚智識》比較妥當。考慮到Bible的譯名《聖經》,譯為《頌讚聖典》可能更達意。關於其內容,中文的介紹以翻譯過其中一些詩詠的金克木[4]在《梵語文學史》第一編第二章第一節里所講的為主調:“《梨俱吠陀》的詩歌,…首先在奴隸社會中被祭司用作宣傳神秘主義的材料。在封建社會裡,它幾乎被一般人遺忘了,除了作為禱告詞以外,只有少數哲學家還用來作宣傳唯心主義的依據。到了近代,許多西方學者花費了很大力量,作了不少比較語言學的和資料考證性的工作;但是由於他們常懷偏見,而且不懂社會發展規律,又用唯心主義觀點和形而上學的方法,結果是在解說詞句和排比資料方面有很大貢獻,而對內容仍往往不能正確理解。”[5]百度百科的條目等也有相當詳細的解釋[6],巫白慧譯《梨俱吠陀神曲選》2010年由商務印書館出版,作為第一本(部分)漢譯本,應該有其價值,我沒有讀到正文,故不便評述。但可以從網上看到如詩塔夫羅金的評價:“譯名難辨,研究方法據作者所言,是貫徹了恩格斯所提倡的方法,這就把思想限制在了很狹隘的範圍內,只有詩歌的內容尚且值得一讀。”[7]所幸恩格斯先生沒有印度古典知識,巫白慧的譯本沒有在內容上直接引用恩格斯的條件。

英文有不少譯本,我閱讀的Griffith譯文版(1896年初版)[8]古樸優雅,每一句分兩行印出,如開首:

1 I Laud Agni, the chosen Priest, God, minister of sacrifice,

The hotar, lavishest of wealth.

雖然難懂,卻能感受原文的詠味;特別重要的是它的注釋對意譯很有價值參考[9]。更早(1850年)出版的Wilson英譯本有更多的注釋[10]。為了準確、易懂,我也以Macdonell的近代英譯本[11]和Doniger的當代英譯本[12],以及印度學者的英譯本[13]為參考。

從網上看到,巫白慧譯文的格式統一,如第10捲曲129第一節頌讚的兩行詩

Then was not non-existent nor existent: there was no realm of air, no sky beyond it.

What covered in, and where? and what gave shelter? Was water there, unfathomed depth of water?[14] 分為四行譯為:

“無既非有,有亦非有;

無空氣界,無遠天界。

何物隱藏?藏於何處?

誰保護之?深廣大水?[15]

這裡不評論翻譯的內容,只是指出為了準確表達深奧的原文,應該用散文體翻譯。這也適用於《拉瑪王子傳奇》(羅摩衍那)的翻譯。這裡,我試譯對ㄚㄍㄜㄋㄧ火神[16]的六首詩頌,以此探討一些印度古典經文的漢譯原則和方法,拋磚引玉。

BOOK The First HYMN I Agni 第一捲曲1、ㄚㄍㄜㄋㄧ火神[17]

1】I magnify Agni the domestic priest[18], the divine ministrant of the sacrifice, the invoker, best bestower of treasure.

我高聲讚美火神,這個被選出的家族祭司、犧牲的神聖管理者、祈禱者和最慷慨的財富贈予者。

2】Agni to be magnified by past and present seers, may he conduct the gods here.

受古代和今天聖賢讚頌的火神,讓他就在這裡召喚眾神吧。

3】Through Agni may one obtain wealth day by day (and) prosperity, glorious (and) most abounding in heroes.

通過火神,人每天獲得財富、繁榮、榮光、和無盡的英雄後代[19]

4】O Agni, the worship and sacrifice that thou encompassest on every side, that same goes to the gods.

ㄚ!火神,你熱誠供奉的犧牲完美不斷地歸於眾神。

5】May Agni the invoker, of wise intelligence, the true[20], of most brilliant fame, the god come with the gods.

祈禱者火神,以你睿智的才能、真正的、最光輝的聲望,與眾神到這裡來吧!

6】Just what good thou, O Agni, wilt do for the worshipper, that (purpose) of thee (comes) true, O Aṅgiras[21].

ㄚ!火神,無論什麼樣的祈求,你都會賜予給崇拜者。ㄚ!ㄢㄍㄨㄟㄌㄚㄙ,確實如此。

7】To thee, O Agni, day by day, O illuminer of gloom, we come with thought bringing homage;

ㄚ!火神,為了你驅趕黑夜,我們帶着敬畏之心天天禱告來崇敬你。

8】(to thee) ruling over sacrifices, the shining guardian of order, growing in thine own house.

祭祀的統管者、永恆秩序的光芒四照的守衛者,你的庭園會不斷增長。

9】So, O Agni, be easy of access to us, as a father to his son; abide with us for our well-being.

 正如一個父親對兒子那樣,ㄚ!火神,請親近我們,為了我們的幸福與我們同在[22]

 

BOOK The First HYMN XII. Agni.第一捲曲12、ㄚㄍㄜㄋㄧ火神[23]

1】 We choose Agni the messenger, the herald, master of all wealth,

Well skilled in this our sacrifice.

我們選擇火神,這個使者、預報者、所有財富的主人,精於這種祭司。

2】 With callings ever they invoke Agni, Agni, Lord of the House[24],

Oblation-bearer, much beloved.

召喚神靈時,他們就祈求火神。火神,你是深受家家愛戴的主君、供奉的承擔者。

3】 Bring the Gods hither, Agni, born for him who strews the sacred grass:

Thou art our herald, meet for praise.

把眾神請來,火神,為點綴好聖草的人,你是我們的預報者,接受頌讚。

4】 Wake up the willing Gods, since thou, Agni, performest embassage:

Sit on the sacred grass with Gods.

當你喚醒願意來的諸神,火神,扮演着大使的角色,與諸神坐在聖草上。

5】 O Agni, radiant One, to whom the holy oil is poured, burn up

Our enemies whom fiends protect.

ㄚ!光芒四照的火神,聖油為你注入,燒光了被惡魔庇護着的我們的敵人。

6】By Agni Agni is inflamed, Lord of the House, wise, young, who bears

The gift: the ladle is his mouth.

通過火神的火種點燃的神火,是房屋的主人、智慧、年輕、承擔着禮物:聖油通過長勺注入他的嘴口[25]

7】 Praise Agni in the sacrifice, the Sage whose ways are ever true,

The God who driveth grief away.

在奉獻中讚美火神,聖賢的方法永遠真實,悲痛已經被神驅散。

8】 God, Agni, be his strong defence who, lord of sacrificial gifts,

Worshippeth thee the messenger.

火神,偉大的神、使者,願你保佑那個向你大量奉獻的主人。

9】 Whoso with sacred gift would fain call Agni to the feast of Gods,

O Purifier, favour him.

任何帶着聖禮的人都會欣然招請火神到諸神的盛宴上。ㄚ,淨化者,祝福他吧!

10】 Such, Agni, Purifier, bright, bring hither to our sacrifice,

To our oblation bring the Gods.

就這樣,火神,明亮的淨化者,把諸神帶到了我們的犧牲和奉獻。

11】 So lauded by our newest song of praise bring opulence to us,

And food, with heroes for our sons.

因此,通過我們最新的讚美歌的朗誦,為我們帶來了富足、食品和英雄子孫[26]

12】 O Agni, by effulgent flame, by all invokings of the Gods,

Show pleasure in this laud of ours.

ㄚ!火神,由燦爛的火焰,由向諸神的所有祈求,在這場我們的讚美里顯示你的喜悅吧!

 

BOOK The First HYMN XXVI. Agni.第一捲曲26、ㄚㄍㄜㄋㄧ火神[27]

1】 O Worth of oblation, Lord of prospering powers, assume thy robes,

And offer this our sacrifice.

ㄚ!供獻與繁榮的主宰,披上你的長袍烈焰,請獻上我們的奉獻。

2】 Sit ever to be chosen, as our Priest, most youthful, through our hymns,

O Agni, through our heavenly word.

作為我們永遠年輕的祭司,ㄚ!火神,由我們的讚頌,由我們的天堂祝詞,請坐上被選定的席位。

3】 For here a Father for his son, Kinsman for kinsman worshippeth,

And Friend, choice-worthy, for his friend.

就好像父親為了兒子、親屬為了親屬、朋友為了自己稱心挑選的朋友。

4】 Here let the foe-destroyers sit, Varua, Mitra, Aryaman,

Like men[28], upon our sacred grass.

像人們的元祖ㄇㄚㄋㄨ一樣,讓驅趕敵人的諸神ㄨㄚㄌㄨㄋㄚ[29]、ㄇㄧㄊㄜㄌㄚ[30]、ㄚㄚㄇㄢ坐在我們聖草上。

5】 O ancient Herald, be thou glad in this our rite and fellowship:

Hearken thou well to these our songs.

ㄚ!先賢,願你滿意我們的儀式和友誼,喜歡聽取我們的頌讚。

6】 Whate’er in this perpetual course we sacrifice to God and God[31],

That gift is offered up in thee.

在這永不停止的進程中我們奉獻給這神那神的所有一切,那禮物也都是獻給你的。

7】 May he be our dear household Lord, Priest, pleasant and, choice-worthy may

We, with bright fires, be dear to him.

願他成為我們家庭的主君、祭司,讓我們心滿意足地與明亮的火焰一同親近他。

8】 The Gods, adored with brilliant fires, have granted precious wealth to us;

So, with bright fires, we pray to thee.

被燦爛火焰崇敬的諸神已經賜予我們珍貴的財富,所以我們用明亮的火焰向你祈禱。

9】 And, O Immortal One, so may the eulogies of mortal men

Belong to us and thee alike.

而且,ㄚ!不朽之神,願凡人的頌詞也同屬於我們和你。

10】 With all thy fires, O Agni, find pleasure in this our sacrifice,

And this our speech, O Son of Strength.

以所有這些火焰,ㄚ!火神,力量之子,請從我們的奉獻和這個演說中得到歡樂。

 

BOOK The First HYMN XXVII. Agni.第一捲曲27、ㄚㄍㄜㄋㄧ火神[32]

1】 With worship will I glorify thee, Agni, like a long-tailed steed,

Imperial Lord of sacred rites.

以崇拜我將獻給你榮耀,火神,你像一匹長尾[33]的駿馬,是神聖儀式的帝王。

2】 May the far-striding Son of Strength, bringer of great felicity,

Who pours his gifts[34] like rain, be ours.

願這昂首闊步的力量之子帶來極大的幸福,把他的祝福像大雨一樣降臨給我們。

3】 Lord of all life, from near; from far[35], do thou, O Agni evermore

Protect us from the sinful man.

無處不在的萬物之主,ㄚ!火神,願你永遠保佑我們遠離惡人。

4】 O Agni, graciously announce this our oblation to the Gods,

And this our newest song of praise.

ㄚ!火神,優雅地向諸神宣布這個我們的奉獻和這個我們最新的頌讚吧。

5】 Give us a share of strength most high, a share of strength that is below,

A share of strength that is between.

賜予我們一份來自天堂、一份來自地上和一份來自天空的財富吧[36]

6】 Thou dealest gifts, resplendent One; nigh, as with waves of Sindhu, thou

Swift streamest to the worshipper[37].

你,輝煌者,分派禮物。就像隨着印度河的水波,你快捷地分流到崇拜者。

7】 That man is lord of endless strength whom thou protectest in the fight,

Agni, or urgest to the fray.

火神,你在戰鬥中保護的人是力大無窮的主人,渴望奔赴戰場。

8】 Him, whosoever he may be, no man may vanquish, mighty One:

Nay, very glorious power is his.

萬能者,不管他是誰,都不會被任何人征服,絕不。他的力量非常光榮。

9】 May he who dwells with all mankind bear us with war-steeds through the fight,

And with the singers win the spoil.

他與人類同住,願他在戰鬥中騎着戰馬承擔我們的命運,與祭祀的歌詠者們贏得戰利品。

10】 Help, thou who knowest lauds, this work, this eulogy to Rudra[38], him

Adorable in every house.

你懂得頌讚,請幫助把這個奉獻、這個悼念獻給受家家戶戶愛戴的ㄖㄨㄉㄜ。

11】 May this our God, great, limitless, smoke-bannered[39] excellently bright,

Urge us to strength and holy thought.

願這個我們的神偉大、無邊、像彗星般的出奇明亮,促使我們獲得力量和神聖信念。

12】 Like some rich Lord of men may he, Agni the banner of the Gods,

Refulgent, hear us through our lauds.

願他像富裕的主人們,輝煌的火神,諸神的旗手,從我們的讚頌聽到我們。

13】 Glory to Gods, the mighty and the lesser, glory to Gods the younger and the elder!

Let us, if we have power, pay the God worship: no better prayer than this, ye Gods, acknowledge.

榮耀歸於諸神!無論神力大小;榮耀歸於諸神!不管年老年少。讓我們有能力者都來敬拜神,諸神都承認,這是最好的祈求。

 

BOOK The Sixth HYMN IX. Agni.第六捲曲9、ㄚㄍㄜㄋㄧ火神[40]

1】 One half of day is dark, and bright the other: both atmospheres move on by sage devices.

Agni Vaisvanara[41], when born as Sovran, hath with his lustre overcome the darkness.

一天之中黑夜與明亮各分一半,他們都以自身的賢明機制運行。全能的火神生為君王,以他的光亮戰勝了黑暗。

2】 I know not either warp or woof, I know not the web they weave when moving to the contest.

Whose son shall here speak words that must be spoken without assistance from the Father near him?

我不會紡織經線和緯紗,我也不知道參加祭祀競賽的人們如何編織衣布。誰的兒子將在這裡發表超越父親的演說[42]

3】 For both the warp and woof he understandeth, and in due time shall speak what should be spoken,

Who knoweth as the immortal world's Protector, descending, seeing with no aid from other.

他會紡織經線和緯紗,在適當的時候將說適當的話。作為永生世界的保護者他知曉、下凡來透見事物。

4】 He is the Priest, the first of all: behold him. Mid mortal men he is the light immortal.

Here was he born, firm-seated in his station Immortal, ever waxing in his body.

他是祭祀的首席祭司,引人注目。他是凡夫俗子中的不朽明光。他就在這裡出生、堅定地駐守在崗位上從不衰老、周身更加光亮。

5】 A firm light hath been set for men to look on: among all things that fly the mind is swiftest.

All Gods of one accord, with one intention, move unobstructed to a single purpose.

一個堅定的亮光為人們的瞻仰樹立起來,精神在所有的事物中飛傳得最快。眾神一致地以同一個意志克服阻礙奔向同一個目標。

6】 Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.

Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?

我的耳朵豎起傾聽、眼睛睜大張望着他,我心中的光亮擴散開來。我的思緒漫遊在遠方。我該說什麼?我該想象什麼?

7】 All the Gods bowed them down in fear before thee, Agni, when thou wast dwelling in the darkness.

Vaisvanara[43] be gracious to assist us, may the Immortal favour us and help us.

火神,當你藏身於黑夜之中,眾神都敬畏地向你鞠躬。願全能的神賜予我們仁慈;願不朽之神保佑我們。

 

BOOK The Tenth HYMN V. Agni.第十捲曲5、ㄚㄍㄜㄋㄧ火神[44]

1】 He only is the Sea, holder of treasures: born many a time he views the hearts within us.

He hides him in the secret couple's bosom. The Bird dwells in the middle of the fountain.

他是唯一的聖海,有無盡的寶藏[45]。出生過無數次,他看穿了我們的心。他依附在隱蔽的一對[46]的懷抱,鳥[47]居住在泉源之間。

2】 Inhabiting one dwelling-place in common, strong Stallions and the Mares have come together.

The sages guard the seat of Holy Order, and keep the highest names concealed within them.

住息在共同的地方,健壯的公馬和母馬來到了一起。聖賢們守衛着通往神聖真理的道路[48],保守着最高貴者們的秘密。

3】 The Holy Pair[49], of wondrous power, have coupled: they formed the Infant, they who bred produced him.

The central point of all that moves and moves not, the while they wove the Sage's thread with insight.

這神聖的一對以神奇的力量結合,他們造出了嬰兒,培養他長大[50]。當他們編織聖賢的紡紗時,他是所有運動的和靜止的物體的中心。

4】 For tracks of Order[51] and refreshing viands attend from ancient times the goodly Infant.

Wearing him as a mantle, Earth and Heaven grow strong by food of pleasant drink and fatness.

自古以來,參訪聖嬰就是為了真理的足跡和鮮美的佳餚。天地給他披帶袈裟、享受美食和甜飲而茁壯成長。

5】 He, calling loudly to the Seven red Sisters, hath, skilled in sweet drink, brought them to be looked on.

He, born of old, in middle air hath halted, and sought and found the covering robe of Pusan.

高聲地招呼七個艷麗的姐妹[52],他顯示給她們拿手的甜飲。他出生久遠、停滯在半空,尋求並找到ㄆㄨㄙㄢ[53]的長袍。

6】 Seven are the pathways which the wise have fashioned; to one of these may come the troubled mortal.

He standeth in the dwelling of the Highest, a Pillar, on sure ground where paths are parted.

智者們塑造了七個境界,其中之一會讓陷入困境的凡夫進入。他挺立在最高者的居住地,像一個建在道路分叉處的堅實地基上的支柱[54]

7】 Not Being, Being in the highest heaven, in Aditi's bosom and in Daksa's birthplace,

Is Agni, our first-born of Holy Order, the Milch-cow and the Bull in life's beginning.

在最高的天堂里無論是存在、或是還沒有存在,不管是在ㄚㄉㄧㄊㄧ[55]的懷抱還是在ㄉㄚㄎㄙㄚ[56]的出生地,火神既是我們神聖秩序的初生子,也是生命原初的乳牛和公牛。

 

[趙京,中日美比較政策研究所,2016年8月13日第一稿]



[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda rg源自rc,是歌頌的意思,也指兩句短話構成一節的梵文詩體。

[2] 趙京,201675日初稿。

[3] 如《摩奴法典》(迭朗善譯,馬香雪轉譯,北京:商務印書館1982)第四卷1231的引用:“娑摩吠陀的經文系用詩體寫成,以供歌詠;梨俱吠陀亦用詩體,但僅應朗誦

[4] http://www.yinduabc.com/hindu/1647.htm 有四首譯文。

[5] http://cidian.foyuan.net/%C0%E6%BE%E3%B7%CD%CD%D3/

[6] http://baike.baidu.com/view/84755.htm

[7] https://book.douban.com/subject/4719016/

[8] Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992.

[9] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8WLGAYGlbAGriffith英譯文朗誦,還配有簡略的中日韓等多種語言翻譯字面。

[10] H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977.

[11] Rigveda, A Vedic Reader for Students, trans. Arthur Anthony Macdonell, 1971. http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/rigveda-a-vedic-reader-for-students

[12] Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981.此書是為公眾而不是為學者所寫,對每一首詩的注釋聯想比較豐富,不一定準確。

[13] Sri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952.

[14] Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992. P.633.

[15] http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_96f6cbb10102wgxx.html

[16] Agni,也音譯為阿耆阿格尼意譯準確就應該用意譯火神,有時也指神火。它擔當天和地、人和神之間的信使、調解者,在《智識頌讚》中有兩百多首讚頌它,占第二位。所有古代經文都是在夜晚的篝火邊被傳頌吟唱,對火的崇拜自然是首先的話題。

[17] 英文引自Rigveda, A Vedic Reader for Students, trans. Arthur Anthony Macdonell, 1971. http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/rigveda-a-vedic-reader-for-students

[18] 指導家族崇拜禮儀等的祭司。H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977. 也譯為chosen priest. Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992.

[19] Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.99:  “most abounding heroic sons.” H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977. P.3: “the multiplier of mankind.” 《梨俱吠陀》第1卷第1首第13節,引自季羨林主編:《印度古代文學史》第20頁。http://www.sasnet.cn/zuixincg/showcontent.asp?iD=134

我讚美阿耆尼祭司,

  神聖的祭祀執行者,

  詠歌者,財富賜予者。

  他受到古代仙人讚美,

  他受到今日仙人讚美,

  但願他把諸神帶來!

  但願仰仗他獲得財富,

  興旺發達,蒸蒸日上,

  英雄輩出,名聲遠揚。

[20] Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992. P.1: “truthful.”

[21] 古代祭司家族,通常指ㄨㄟㄉㄚ聖典中出現的火神等。作為高於眾神和人的存在,他們的犧牲儀式成為祭司們必須遵守的典範。據《摩奴法典》(迭朗善譯,馬香雪轉譯,北京:商務印書館1982)序言(第5頁):“g字常讀硬音,就像在它後面有一個u字一樣,所以Angiras,讀Anguiras,不讀Anjiras

[22]《梨俱吠陀》第1卷第1首第89節。引自金克木選譯:《印度古詩選》第4頁,湖南人民出版社,1984年。http://www.sasnet.cn/zuixincg/showcontent.asp?iD=134  

你主宰着各種祭祀,

  是秩序的光輝的保衛者,

  在自己宅內不斷增長。

  願你對我們,如父對子,

  阿耆尼(火)啊!容易親近,

  願你與我們同居,為我們造福。

[23] Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992.  http://www.hinduwebsite.com/sacredscripts/hinduism/rigveda/agni_1.asp 專門只列出對火神的讚頌,不過要留意一些拼寫錯誤。

[24] H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977. P.3: “the lord of men”. Sri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952. P.5: “the Lord of the crestures”.

[25] Sri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952. P.7: “whose mouth receives the offerings.”

[26] H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977. P.31: “the source of progeny.”

[27] Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8WLGAYGlbA用這個英譯文朗誦,還配有簡略的中日韓等多種語言翻譯字面。

[28] H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977. P.68: “as they did at the sacrifice of MANUS.” Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.100: “as upon Manu’s.”  

[29]現譯為伐樓拿,又譯婆羅那,天空,雨水及天海之神,他亦是掌管法規與陰間的神。https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%90%E6%A5%BC%E6%8B%BF

[30]契約同伴之意。

[31] Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.100: “to this god or that god”.

[32] Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8WLGAYGlbA用這個英譯文朗誦,還配有簡略的中日韓等多種語言翻譯字面。

[33] 驅趕蒼蠅。

[34] blessings祝福。H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977.

[35] who goest everywhere無處不在。H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977.

[36] H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977. “the food that is in heaven and mid-air,” “the wealth that is on earth.”

[37] H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977.沒有出現難解的nigh()

[38] 怒吼者,這裡指火神,形容火焰的勢頭高漲。本身並沒有在聖典中參與祭祀,只是附屬出現。Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.219.

[39] 這個難懂的詞來自H.H. Wilson trans. Rig-Veda Sanhita, New Delhi: Cosmo Publications, 1977,專門形容火神像彗星那樣明亮。

[40] Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992.  http://www.hinduwebsite.com/sacredscripts/rig_veda_book_6.asp  ,不過要留意一些拼寫錯誤。

[41] Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.116譯為Of-all-menSri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952. p.343譯為Godhead

[42] Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.116Sri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952. p.343。前者的譯文面對公眾,特別在注釋中摻入豐富的文學想象,後者的譯文則很少注釋。這樣的段落即使讀起來缺少邏輯聯繫,我也儘量少加入主觀推理。

[43] Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.116譯為Of-all-menSri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952. p.345譯為Universal Godhead

[44] Ralph T.H. Griffith trans. Quality Paperback Book Club, New York, 1992.  http://www.hinduwebsite.com/sacredscripts/rig_veda_book_10.asp  ,我改正了很少的拼寫失誤。這一首詩頌隱晦難懂,各種譯文有很不相同的解釋。

[45] 不同的版本譯法不同,這裡從簡,按照Sri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952. p.525.翻譯。

[46] 英譯版注釋:天和地。

[47] 英譯版注釋:太陽。

[48] 按照Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.117.翻譯。

[49] 英譯版注釋:天和地。

[50] Sri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952. p.525. Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.117.都有 “make him grow”.

[51] truth真理。Wendy Doniger trtans. The Rig Vade: An Anthology,Penguin Books, 1981. P.117.

[52] 英譯本注釋:七種火焰的姿勢。

[53] 太陽。

[54] 按照Sri Aurobindo, Hymns to the Mystic Fire, Pondicherry, India, 1952. p.527.翻譯。

[55] 眾神以及各種存在之母。

[56] ㄚㄉㄧㄊㄧ的輪迴重生。

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