以下摘录罗马天主教廷针对称义最有权威的，最后的阐述，就是在这个会议上，Council of Trent，这是罗马教会针对马丁路德的新教专门举行的大公会。它的大公会的决议权柄甚至高过单个的教皇，而在这之后它的几次教会公会中，再也没有从新阐述称义的问题。所以应该以下阐述是罗马教会最正式的立场。

Council of Trent (1545 - 1563)

CANON 9:  "If any one saith, that by faith alone the impious is justified; in such wise as to mean, that nothing else is required to co-operate in order to the obtaining the grace of Justification, and that it is not in any way necessary, that he be prepared and disposed by the movement of his own will; let him be anathema." 

CANON 12:  "If any one shall say that justifying faith is nothing else than confidence in the divine mercy pardoning sins for Christ's sake, or that it is that confidence alone by which we are justified . . . let him be accursed"

Canon 14: "If any one saith, that man is truly absolved from his sins and justified, because that he assuredly believed himself absolved and justified; or, that no one is truly justified but he who believes himself justified; and that, by this faith alone, absolution and justification are effected; let him be anathema."

Canon 23: "lf any one saith, that a man once justified can sin no more, nor lose grace, and that therefore he that falls and sins was never truly justified; or, on the other hand, that he is able, during his whole life, to avoid all sins, even those that are venial,--except by a special privilege from God, as the Church holds in regard of the Blessed Virgin; let him be anathema."

我知道福音教会都声称接受“因信称义”的教义，或者更确切地，是“唯独因信称义”的教义，但我的问题不是在问福音教会自己是不是相信唯独因信称义，而是问福音教会是不是把这个教义看成是如此机要，以至于凡是否认这个教义的系统，就不能被看成是真正的教会，就像凡是否认基督神性的组织不能被看成是真正的教会一样？