通過數據實現社區、團結與關愛？自我追蹤人際維度的倫理分析

Community, solidarity and care through data? An ethical analysis of the interpersonal dimension of self-tracking

——《人工智能與社會》2025年第40卷第4期——

Volume 40, Issue 4, 2025

【摘要】本文從杜威實用主義倫理學的視角探討了自我追蹤技術的人際維度。自我追蹤用戶經常與他人交換數據，通過其工具中嵌入的社交功能進行互動，並形成專注於數據共享和討論的社群。本文運用杜威的“交易”概念來探討自我量化如何影響用戶對他人的感知，以及如何調解人際關係。在杜威的倫理學中，與他人的互動是道德生活的基本組成部分，個人的蓬勃發展只有在社會環境中並通過關愛他人才能實現。實用主義中的倫理理想和認知概念使我能夠論證：儘管有人聲稱自我追蹤技術能夠促進社群的形成，但親社會本能早在這些設備被採用之前就已存在，而自我追蹤實際上阻礙了相互促進的社會紐帶的形成。在本文的討論中，將重點探討認知距離的程度，這種距離使得與他人的真正互動變得困難；交易主體的限制使得用戶無法決定他人如何看待自己；以及自我追蹤技術的社會特徵中嵌入的互動的簡化性和工具性。此外，本文還將在自我量化的背景下分析社群形成的一些政治層面，並批判限制社群政治主體的數據和基礎設施所有權結構。

【關鍵詞】自我追蹤，數據共享，團結，社會關係，倫理，實用主義

[Abstract] This paper discusses the interpersonal dimension of self-tracking technologies from the standpoint of Dewey’s pragmatist ethics. Users of self-tracking routinely exchange data with others, interact through social features embedded in their tools, and form communities focused on the sharing and discussion of data. I employ Dewey’s notion of transaction to discuss how self-quantification impacts users’ perception of others and how it mediates interpersonal relations. In Dewey’s ethics engagement with others is a fundamental part of moral life and individual flourishing can only be achieved in social contexts and through the extension of care towards other people. The ethical ideals and epistemic concepts present in pragmatism allow me to argue that despite claims that self-tracking technologies lead to the formation of communities, pro-social instincts exist prior to the adoption of the devices and self-tracking actually inhibits the formation of mutually uplifting social bonds. In my discussion, I focus on the degree of epistemic distance that makes genuine engagement with others difficult, limits to transactional agency that prohibits users from deciding how they are perceived by others, and the reductive and instrumental nature of interactions embedded in the social features of self-tracking technologies. Moreover, I also analyse some political aspects of community-formation in the context of self-quantification and criticise the ownership structures of data and infrastructure that limit communities’ political agency.

[Key words] Self-tracking, Data sharing, Solidarity, Social relations, Ethics, Pragmatism

論文原文：Michał Wieczorek (2025). Community, solidarity and care through data? An ethical analysis of the interpersonal dimension of self-tracking. AI & Society, Volume 40, Issue 4, Pages 2619–2631. April 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02013-y

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