全球心理健康問題患病率數據缺口：對具有國家代表性數據的回顧性分析

Data Gaps in Prevalence Rates of Mental Health Conditions Around the World: A Retrospective Analysis of Nationally Representative Data

——《柳葉刀/全球健康》第13卷第5期，2025年——

Volume 13, Issue 5, 2025

【摘要】背景：心理健康問題嚴重加劇了全球疾病負擔，影響生活質量，並導致醫療費用和死亡率上升。關於這些疾病的患病率及其相關因素的準確數據對於政策制定、宣傳和改善人口健康至關重要，但全球範圍內關於心理健康問題嚴重程度的現有數據存在顯著差距。本研究旨在識別和量化2021年全球疾病、傷害和風險因素負擔研究（GBD）中關於不同生命周期精神障礙的數據缺口。方法：我們分析了GBD 2021研究中使用的具有全國代表性的11種心理健康問題數據來源，包括神經發育障礙和神經分化、一般精神障礙和物質使用障礙。我們的分析重點關注數據源的地理來源、年齡組、涵蓋的心理健康狀況或神經分化，以及數據科學生成的時間趨勢。調查結果：GBD 2021確定了1950年以來1241個具有全國代表性的獨特心裡健康狀況數據源。神經發育障礙和神經分化的覆蓋率最低，只有不到13%的國家擁有患病率數據。低收入國家的數據缺口最大，沒有關於神經發育障礙和神經分化的數據。只有29%的國家擁有關於一般精神障礙的數據，21%的國家擁有關於物質使用障礙的數據。非洲和西太平洋區域的數據缺口最大，兒童是覆蓋率最低的人群：近90%的國家沒有關於兒童的任何數據。大多數數據（各種疾病的70-80%）是在2010年之前獲得的。解讀：全球患病率數據仍然存在巨大缺口，尤其是在兒童和低收入國家。儘管21世紀的科學成果有所增加，但大多數精神障礙仍然代表性不足。需要全球協調努力來加強心理衛生數據收集並彌補這些缺口。 

[Summary] Background: Mental health conditions contribute substantially to the global burden of disease, affecting quality of life and leading to increased health-care expenses and mortality. Accurate data on the prevalence and correlates of these disorders are crucial for policy making, advocacy, and improving population health, but there are notable gaps in the available data on the magnitude of mental health difficulties around the world. This study aims to identify and quantify the data gaps on mental disorders across the lifespan in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021. Methods: We analysed the nationally representative data sources used by GBD 2021 on 11 mental health conditions, including neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodivergence, general psychiatric disorders, and substance-use disorders. Our analysis focused on the geographical origin of the data sources, the age groups and mental health conditions or neurodivergence covered, and temporal trends on the scientific production of data. Findings: GBD 2021 identified 1241 unique nationally representative data sources for mental health conditions since 1950. Neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodivergence had the least coverage, with less than 13% of countries having prevalence data. Low-income countries had the largest data gap, with no data on neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodivergence, only 29% with any data on general psychiatric disorders, and 21% with data on substance-use disorders. The African and Western Pacific regions had the largest data gaps, and children were the least covered demographic: almost 90% of countries did not have any data for children. Most data (70–80% across disorders) were obtained before 2010. Interpretation: Substantial gaps in prevalence data persist globally, particularly in children and in low-income countries. Despite increased scientific production in the 2000s, most mental disorders remain under-represented. Coordinated global efforts are required to enhance mental health data collection and address these gaps.

論文原文：Caio B Casella, Antonis A Kousoulis,  Brandon A Kohrt, Jason Bantjes,  Christian Kieling, Pim Cuijpers, et al. (2025). Data gaps in prevalence rates of mental health conditions around the world: a retrospective analysis of nationally representative data. The Lancet / Global Health, Volume 13, Issue 5, Pages 879-887.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00563-1

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