Rank Name Country Score Citations per paper

1 Harvard University US 200.00 32.2
2 Cambridge University UK 179.39 26.3
3 Oxford University UK 165.32 25.6
4 Imperial College London UK 139.28 14.4
5 Stanford University US 133.05 30.1
6 Johns Hopkins University US 116.48 26.3
7 Karolinska Institute Sweden 112.18 16.9
8 Yale University US 90.95 27.4
9 University of California, Berkeley US 84.7 33.0
10 University of California, San Diego US 78.84 29.1
11 Beijing University China 66.29 –
12 Massachusetts Institute of Tech US 64.96 55.8
13 Tokyo University Japan 64.34 17.6
14 University of Melbourne Australia 63.09 12.3
15 University of Sydney Australia 62.65 11.5
16 Heidelberg University Germany 61.19 15.3
17 Duke University US 57.95 22.6
18 University of California, San Francisco US 57.82 29.2
19 University College London UK 57.56 20.5
20 University of Toronto Canada 57.54 18.3
21 Edinburgh University UK 55.87 20.1
22 University of California, Los Angeles US 51.08 20.0
23 Columbia University US 49.26 25.8
24 Cornell University US 48.39 23.1
25 National University of Singapore Singapore 47.20 11.7
26 Princeton University US 43.64 39.3
27 McGill University Canada 37.86 20.7
28 Kyoto University Japan 37.22 20.2
29 Helsinki University Finland 36.23 17.5
30 King’s College London UK 35.66 14.0
31 Vienna University Austria 35.09 11.1
32 Humboldt University Berlin Germany 34.66 12.0
33 ETH Zurich Switzerland 32.41 29.1
34 Australian National University Australia 32.18 13.6
35 California Institute of Technology US 31.42 45.8
36 University of Auckland New Zealand 30.91 12.2
37 Monash University Australia 28.79 12.7
=38 Frankfurt University Germany 28.22 13.2
=38 Munich University Germany 28.22 13.6
40 Boston University US 27.92 19.1
41 Washington University US 27.48 23.2
42 University of Chicago US 26.67 25.4
=43 Paris VI, Pierre and Marie Curie Uni France 26.53 13.0
=43 Strasbourg University France 26.53 22.7
45 Queensland University Australia 25.72 13.2
46 University of Michigan US 25.66 20.5
47 Free University Berlin Germany 25.40 14.8
48 Hong Kong University Hong Kong 25.28 8.0
49 fudan University China 25.15 –
50 University of Florence Italy 24.72 12.1
51 Erasmus University Rotterdam Netherlands 24.15 20.4
52 Gottingen University Germany 23.71 11.9
53 University of South Australia Australia 23.16 –
54 Aarhus University Denmark 22.33 12.3
55 Washington University, St Louis US 21.04 27.5
56 Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong 20.40 7.5
=57 Hebrew University of Jerusalem Israel 20.21 16.1
=57 Innsbruck University Austria 20.21 11.6
59 University of California, Davis US 19.77 15.4
60 Chulalongkorn University Thailand 19.53 –
61 Otago University New Zealand 19.39 9.9
62 University of British Columbia Canada 19.36 16.4
63 Amsterdam University Netherlands 19.09 16.2
64 Vanderbilt University US 18.66 23.2
65 Catholic University of Louvain Belgium 18.52 15.7
65 Leiden University Netherlands 18.52 18.5
67 University of São Paulo Brazil 18.09 5.9
68 University of New South Wales Australia 17.97 11.0
69 Nottingham University UK 17.95 12.4
70 Nanyang University Singapore 17.84 –
=71 Istanbul University Turkey 17.27 –
=71 Technical University Munich Germany 17.27 13.8
73 Tokyo Medical and Dental University Japan 17.14 11.6
=74 New York University US 16.84 21.1
=74 Tubingen-Reutlingen University Germany 16.84 12.2
=76 Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris France 16.70 27.8
=76 Lomonosov Moscow State University Russia 16.70 –
=76 Paris I, Sorbonne France 16.70 –
79 Liverpool University UK 16.14 10.5
80 Manchester University and Umist UK 15.87 15.4
=81 Adelaide University Australia 15.59 11.3
=81 Tsing Hua University China 15.59 –
83 Tel Aviv University Israel 15.15 9.0
=84 Alabama University US 15.02 17.5
=84 Brussels Free University Belgium 15.02 14.0
=84 Glasgow University UK 15.02 15.8
=84 State Uni of New York at Stony Brook US 15.02 22.7
=84 Utrecht University Netherlands 15.02 16.0
89 Hong Kong Uni of Sci and Tech Hong Kong 14.34 –
=90 Hokkaido University Japan 13.77 10.6
=90 Osaka University Japan 13.77 18.7
=90 University of Pennsylvania US 13.77 20.9
=93 George Washington University US 13.33 14.8
=93 Nanjing University China 13.33 –
=93 Pennsylvania State University US 13.33 16.4
=96 Basel University Switzerland 13.20 20.2
=96 Gothenburg University Sweden 13.20 13.4
=96 Lund University Sweden 13.20 14.3
=96 University of Western Australia Australia 13.20 10.0
=100 University of Southern California US 12.90 19.0
=100 University of Texas at Austin US 12.90 20.8

The fifth and last of the facultyspecific analyses — biomedicine —that make up The Times Higher World University Rankings agrees with our overall finding
(November 5, 2004) that Harvard is the world’s top university. Our
peer reviewers also put Harvard in pole position in the social sciences
and in arts and humanities. Only in science, where Harvard
is in third place behind Cambridge and Oxford universities,
and in engineering and inxxxxation technology, where it trails at
13 in a field led by the University of California, Berkeley, does Harvard
fail to come first. With 9,000 staff and research income of $406 million (£212 million), Harvard Medical School’s reputation among our panel of
1,300 peer reviewers around the world is no surprise. What is surprising
is that its most recent Nobel prize was won in 1990.

The peer review score, compiled by QuacquarelliSymonds (QS), is
accompanied by a listing derived from the Thomson Scientific
Essential Scientific Indicators database of perxxxxance in generating
highly cited papers in scientific literature in all areas of medical
research, including clinical medicine, pharmacology, psychology,
neuroscience and genetics. It shows that Harvard’s medical
researchers are among the most highly cited, but are beaten
in this category by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and
the California Institute of Technology, Princeton University and
Berkeley. But Harvard produced many more papers — 56,000 in
the period surveyed, from 1994 to 2003 — than any of these.

The ferocious publishing and citation culture of biomedical research
means that papers in this field have far more citations than
those in other fields. The average number of citations for a Harvard social science paper is 9.53, compared with 32.2 for medicine. This table, more than any other in the rankings, favours the US because of its huge health research
budgets and its use of English for publishing. It dominates the list
with 29 entries. Behind it is the UK with ten, including Oxford, Cambridge
and Imperial College London in second, third and fourth.

The top 101 institutions are in 24 countries including Brazil and Turkey. The top institution outside the English-speaking world is Sweden’s Karolinska Institute.
Peer reviewers also rated universities in countries such as China
highly even though they have yet to produce papers that feature in
the Thomson Scientific database. n Governments, private laboratories
and the pharmaceutical industry are powerful producers of
highly cited medical research. The accompanying tables show
that Genentech, leader of the Californian biotechnology boom, is ahead of older “big pharma” competitors in the citations stakes and has a score comparable to a to US research university. The institutes table is dominated by US hospitals, government laboratories and private foundations.

The Times HigherWorld University Rankings will return in autumn. Tables
compiled by Martin Ince (martin@martinince.com), contributing editor.
Thanks to Nunzio Quacquarelli of QS (www.qsnetwork. com), Jonathan
Adams of Evidence Ltd (www.evidence.co.uk) and colleagues. World rankings:
www.thes.co.uk/statistics/international_comparisons/2004/main.aspx