在加拿大租房...建議打印或保存起來!

最近看到不少的帖子說到租房後的困擾…反正俺閒着也是閒着,在不同的網站上收集了一些資料並整理了一下貼出來, 希望能幫幫有需要的人。

加拿大租房詳細要領

書面租約一般內容及條款：

(1)租金金額及每月繳交租金日期

(2)租約有效期

(3)租客人數

(4)按金

(5)有關費用的負擔及責任

(6)飼養寵物的限制與否

(7)停車位

(8)有關裝修等條件

關於按金：

(1)業主可要求租客繳付按金。但業主必須在成立租約時提出收取按金要求，否則無權再問。

(2)業主可以收取的按金不能超過第一個月租金的一半。

(3)作為租客必須在租約開始實行三十天內繳付按金。如果你沒依例而行，業主可以給予一個月通知然後終止租約。

(4)按金用於租客支付修理費。

何時業主可進入已出租的房屋：

(1)出租房屋發生緊急事故，例如火警、水淹、或喉管爆裂

(2)租客在家並且同意業主進入

(3)租客沒有通知業主但遷走

(4)業主持有租務審裁處或法庭發出有關的命令

(5)業主給予不少於24小時及不多於72小時的通知要進入出租房屋並且給予一個合理解釋為什麼要進入。而預約進入時間必須在早上８時至晚上９時之內，除非得到你的同意。

租客可否更換房屋門鎖？

作為租客你是不可以隨意更換門鎖，除非你得到租務審裁處的命令。因為如果有緊急事故發生而你又不在家或不能立即開啟門戶，緊急應變人員是可以破門而入，而你必須負責事後修補門戶的費用。一般，業主會在房屋入口擺放緊急鎖匙箱，那麼緊急應變人員不需破壞門戶便可進入。而業主是不能在緊急鎖匙箱內取出鎖匙自行進入的。

何種情況需做緊急維修？

(1)喉管或屋頂嚴重漏水

(2)食水管或污水管污塞或損壞

(3)中央或主要暖氣系統損壞

(4)壞鎖而令任何人無需鎖匙可以進入屋內

(5)可能會導致房屋或財物損壞的問題

租客的權力：

(1)租客有權留客住宿(非牟利的)

(2)如果租客的健康或安全因房屋問題受到危害,租客有權要求進行維修。如果嘗試兩次無法接觸業主或業主代表，並且在等候一段合理時間後仍沒回音的話，租客可以自行處理事故，或找人進行維修。

(3)退租時房屋完好無損,租客有權取回按金

(4)有權拒絕不合理加租(一年應一次)

租客的義務：

(1)按時繳納房租

(2)要保持出租房屋整潔及維持起碼衛生水平

(3)租客或租客的客人損壞房屋設施,有義務負責修繕

(4)遵守租約其他規定

在加拿大租房時應注意哪些問題？

移民來到加拿大，首先要為自己和家人找一個棲身之地，初到加拿大，絕大多數人都是租房子住。通常新移民可在報紙分類廣告（Classified）中"租房（Rent）"一欄找住房。也可以通過熟人介紹。不出一兩個星期你就能夠熟悉環境並找到合適的住房。

在加拿大不同的城市，對同樣的成套居室有不同的稱呼。所以在找房時，要搞清楚居室的實際意義。在不同的城市，房租也相差很大，例如在蒙特利爾市，一套3居室，其月租金一般不低於350加元。在溫哥華則不低於650加元。而在多倫多，這樣條件不會低於500加元。如果想與他人合住（share），雙方就應有約束及默契，以免造成不愉快。如果與你合住的是你的房東，那就意味着你要"犧牲"一些自由，如：和房東共用衛生間和廚房；要遵守房東的一些規定，諸如不能過多地邀朋聚友，廚房禁油煙，不能高聲打電話等。租住house的地下室相對來說比較自由，租金也便宜些。

商業性出租的房屋最常見的就是公寓樓(Apartment)，在一個大的高層建築中，住房分門別居，但共用樓梯、電梯和地下停車場。公寓的陽台只可憑靠眺望，享受陽光，不作晾曬衣物之用。居住在Apartment和House相比還有一個方便之處，那就是少了冬季掃雪、夏季鋤草的麻煩。公寓也有高低檔之分，在多倫多或溫哥華，高檔的家庭套居（如兩室一廳），有可能花1000加元左右，內有空調、洗衣房（laundry room，包括洗衣機和烘乾機），有的樓下還有公共游泳池、桑拿室（sauna room）、健身房等設施，生活十分方便舒適。中檔的兩室一廳，月租也得750加元左右，但洗衣服要在公共洗衣房使用投幣洗衣機和烘乾機，樓內也沒有上述公共健身設施。

租房還有帶家具和不帶家具之別，當然帶家具的房子租金要貴一些。一般來說，租金中包括了水、電、煤氣費及冬天暖氣費用、煮食爐和冰箱費用，甚至可能還包括停車位、洗衣機等費用。但也有的房租中不包括水電費。在租房之前一定要問清楚房租中所包括的內容，例如水、電、煤氣及取暖費等。在簽租約之前，最好是親自到房子裡察看一下，有時親身感受和電話里談的情況很不相同。還要看看房間是不是一切都正常。通常簽約時要交兩個月的房租(包括一個月的押金)，租金一般是以月計，每月初（或上月底）支付。如果要搬家，應該至少提前1個月和房東打招呼，保險一點最好以書面通知並要求書面回復。以免將來鬧上法庭後口說無憑。

租房子要簽約，但各省的租約各有不同的標準。有時房東與房客之間也不簽租約，只是達成口頭協議即可（但最好還是不要這樣做，你不知道數個月之後雙方的關係如何，有很多例子都是到最後翻臉不認人）。再嘮叨一下，一般來說，一份租約應該有的條款：月租金額和付租日期；租約有效期限；押金數額（用來支付房客造成的房屋和其他設施損壞）；租金包含的項目內容；公寓的居住人數；關於寵物餵養的一些限制等等。房東和房客也是雙向選擇，相當多的房東不願意把自己的房子出租給讓他們感覺很麻煩的房客。同樣，房客也不願意住在過分苛刻的房東那裡。 簽約之前應該仔細閱讀租約，確保自己同意約中各項條款內容。搬進房子之前，應該要求房東書面承諾負責履行他所答應的諸如修理房子、裝修或提供儲物間等義務；另外，最好讓他寫一份書面報告，寫明在你搬入之前已經存在的一些損壞情況，以免這些損壞的責任憑空落在你頭上。當然，你也可以自己寫好，讓房東簽字，並附於租約。（若文字無法清楚的表達，最好能拍下相片附於租約）

房東有維修住房的責任，如果他沒有承擔應負的責任，你可以要求房東履行責任甚至報告到城市的有關當局處理這件事。出租的房屋在冬季應該保證室溫在20°C度，如果過冷，房東有責任改善，或房客可以不受合同限制而搬走。另外，除非有不得已的緊急事件，房東不能隨便闖入房客的房間。如果他想進入你租的房間，應提前於24至72小時發給書面通知，或是徵得你的同意。房東要想加租，必須提前3個月書面通知房客。加拿大法律規定，房租一年只能漲一次，漲幅不得超過規定的百分點。如果房東非法漲價，你可以向政府控告。

房客應該認真閱讀一下自己所住省份的《租務法》，以便熟悉房客應承擔的責任。首先你應該遵守租約規定的內容，例如負責修理自己造成的損壞。先獲得房東同意再在牆上或地板上釘釘子、刷油漆等。其次，當你準備搬家時，你必須認真查看一下租約，然後再向房東發出通知。一般來說，如果搬家時租約尚未期滿，房客還應該付房東租金。如果付租方式是每月一付，那麼退租通知最晚應在搬家前1個月以書面形式交給房東或公寓經理。

房東如果對房客不滿意，並有正當理由，可以提前20天以書面形式通知房客搬走，或給房客7至14天的改過期。另外，如果房東自己需用房子，可以提前兩個月提出要求請房客搬出，如果房屋需要修理或改建，房東可以提前120天通知房客搬走。

租屋提防被詐欺

卑詩租戶權益行動聯盟 (BC Tenants Rights Coalition) 多元文化法律教育統籌賴密芮茲（Sedia Ramirez）指出，華裔租屋者應切忌付現金、預付多個月租金，也不能用中文簽約。她說，鑑於房屋租貸容易出現金錢糾紛，而新移民初來乍到人生地不熟，為減少損失、保護租戶自身的權益，她呼籲華人租屋者切記三忌:

1）忌付現金: 付租金應以支票為好，支票有記錄，未到期的還有可能要求銀行拒付。

2）忌預付租金: 以每月付一次租金為好。

3）忌用中文簽約: 租屋應有租賃協議，協議應以英文寫成，中文不具法律效力，發生麻煩上法庭時仍需譯成英文。不懂英文者應請懂英文人士協助，英文租賃協議文本可由該會網站聯接的省住戶租賃辦公室 (Residential TenantsOffice) 網站下載。

低收入人士如懷疑遭詐欺，如果出示薪水支票存根等證據，可向卑詩省住宅租貨辦事處申請免費仲裁。對非低收入人士而言，此法也比上小額賠償法庭節省費用。

有關租戶權益事宜可撥卑詩租戶權益行動聯盟英文熱線電話 604-255-0546 查詢，該聯盟網站 www.tenants.bc.ca 備有中文專頁，提供有關租戶權益的公共教育資訊。有語言困難的市民，可致電中僑社工604-279-7186求助。

賴密芮茲說，去年夏季在列治文市爆發的幾十戶華裔分租戶租金疑遭二房東捲走事件，是她任租戶權益倡言人七年來最嚴重的事故，其中的困難在於受害人不懂法律，很多人甚至不會說英語，因此加深了他們受騙受害的可能。

單身女房客可能遭遇的困境及防範 （一個實例）

一位單身女性房客MM住在Town House三樓的一個單間，一樓是房東一家和洗衣房，大家一直相安無事。突然有一天，女房東突然要求她和另外一家房客從三樓搬到一樓，他們全家搬上去，而且二樓到一樓之間安了一道門，要求MM從窗戶改成的門獨立出入。 一般來說，應該是房客更喜歡要求獨立門出入，如果房客不要求，房東一般不會主動這麼做。之後，又發生過若干次有關暖氣的爭執。 女房東態度的突然變化令人費解。 據了解，房東的老公上夜班白天要在家睡覺，而女房東白天可能要外出，該單身女房客MM則可能暫時需要長期呆在家裡，因為她到加拿大的時間並不長。

在這種情況下，也許女房東把她看成了潛在的威脅。（註：在此並無惡意，只是想提醒單身女房客，千萬不要忽視女房東因嫉妒和猜疑心理而可能對女房客帶來的困境甚至傷害）。

新移民巨大的生存壓力和拮据的錢袋，迫使大家選擇擠迫而狹窄的生存空間裡。人與人之間的關係則變得微妙起來，常常會發生一些前所未遇的情況。如果不洞悉其中的奧秘，恐怕會令自己苦惱而百思不得其解。事實上，不僅是單身的女性房客在跟別人合租房子時候會遭遇一些無端猜疑，已婚的夫婦們合租時，如果不是心中有數，恐怕也難免發生不快。

有沒有什麼解決的辦法呢？一旦發生了這種事情，最好趕快搬走。當然，防患於未然的辦法是不跟房東或者別人合租，但不現實。既然我們註定要跟別人合租，那麼我們可以為保護自己做些什麼呢？首先，在找房子時，要注意房子的私密空間和公共空間的分布是否合理，應保證自己有一個充分的私密空間；其次，在平時相處的時候，腦子裡要有根弦，大家和和氣氣但始終保持一定的安全距離。也許這些文字讓人覺得有些冷漠無情，但世事洞明皆學問，此時有心勝無心。也許只有這樣，我們才能夠更坦然地理解和處理我們移民生活中遭遇的新問題。

好了！到這裡大家也看累了！最後，再把加拿大租房房屋合約範本也轉貼一下。希望哪天大家當業主的時候能用得上。然後請俺吃一頓。祝大家好運咯！呵呵！

Residential Tenancy Agreement (British Columbia)

THIS AGREEMENT made the _______ day of ________________, _________. BETWEEN (use correct legal names): ___________________________________________________________ (referred to in this agreement as "the tenant") AND ________________________________ _______________________________ (referred to in this agreement as "the landlord")

1. Address of residential premises The address of the premises to be rented is located at ________________________________ (Apt./Suite no.)_________________________________ ___________________________ (Street address) (City and province) (Postal code)

2. Address for service The address for serving notices and documents and the telephone number of the landlord or landlords agent is: ______________________________________ _______________________ (Name, if different from landlord) __________________________ ___________________________________________________ (Apt./Suite no.) (Street address) _______________________________________________________________________________________ (City and province) (Postal code) (Telephone number) vanstardotca

3. Term of agreement The term of this agreement will be as follows: This will be a [ ] daily or week-to-week tenancy which will begin on __________________________, _______. [ ] month-to-month tenancy which will begin on _______________________________, _______. [ ] fixed term tenancy which will begin on ___________________________, and end on ______________________, _______. vanstar!If the tenancy is for a fixed length of time, at the end of the fixed time - [ ] the tenancy may continue on a month-to-month basis or for another fixed time. [ ] the tenancy will end.

4. Rent The rent will be $_________________ [ ] per week, [ ] per month, and must be paid on or before the ________________ day of each [ ] week [ ] month. The first [ ] weeks [ ] months rent will be payable on __________________________________.

The tenant must pay the rent on time. If the rent is late, the landlord may issue a Notice to End a Residential Tenancy to the tenant, which may take effect not earlier than 10 days after the date the Notice is given.

5. Included in the rent The following items, appliances, and services are included in the rent: (Check only those things that are included and provide additional information if required.) [ ] water [ ] electricity [ ] heat [ ] stove [ ] oven [ ] refrigerator [ ] dishwasher [ ] furniture [ ] window coverings [ ] carpets [ ] laundry facilities [ ] cablevision [ ] garbage collection [ ] parking for _____ vehicle(s) [ ] sewage disposal [ ] sheets and towels [ ] other: ________________________________ The landlord must not take away or make the tenant pay extra for a service or facility that is already included in the rent.

6. Security deposit The landlord acknowledges receiving from the tenant the sum of $_____________________ on _____________________________(date) as a security deposit. The landlord agrees (I) that the security deposit must not exceed one half of the monthly rent payable for the residential premises, (ii) to keep the security deposit during the tenancy and pay interest on it in accordance with the Residential Tenancy Act, and (iii) to return the security deposit and interest to the tenant within 15 days of the end of the tenancy agreement, unless (a) the tenant agrees in writing to allow the landlord to keep an amount as payment for unpaid rent or damage, or (b) the landlord applies for arbitration under the Residential Tenancy Act within 15 days of the end of the tenancy agreement to claim some or all of the security deposit and interest.

The tenant agrees to use the security deposit and interest as rent only if the landlord consents.

7. Rent increases Once a year, the landlord may increase the rent for the existing tenant. The landlord may only increase the rent 12 months after the date that the existing rent was established with the tenant or 12 months after the date of the last lawful rent increase for the tenant, even if there is a new landlord or a new tenant by way of an assignment. The landlord must use the prescribed Notice of Rent Increase form available from any office of the Residential Tenancy Branch or Government Agent. A landlord must give a tenant 3 whole months notice, in writing, of a rent increase. For example, if the rent is due on the 1st of the month and the tenant is given notice any time in January, even January 1st, there must be 3 whole months before the increase begins. In this example, the months are February, March and April, so the increase would begin on May 1st.

If the tenant thinks the rent increase is unjustified the tenant may talk to the landlord or contact the Residential Tenancy Branch for assistance. If the issue is not resolved, the tenant may apply for arbitration under the Residential Tenancy Act within 30 days from the date of receipt of the Notice of Rent Increase.

A landlord must give a tenant of a manufactured home pad 6 whole months notice, in writing, of a rent increase. If the tenant thinks the rent increase is unjustified, the tenant may talk to the landlord or contact the Residential Tenancy Branch for assistance. If the issue is not resolved, the tenant may apply for mediation by the Manufactured Home Park Dispute Resolution Committee.

8. Assign or Sublet The tenant may assign or sublet the residential premises to another person with the consent of the landlord. If this tenancy agreement is for a fixed length of 6 months or more, or is solely for the rental of a manufactured home pad, the landlord must not arbitrarily or unreasonably withhold consent to assign or sublet. Under an assignment a new tenant must assume all of the rights and duties under the existing tenancy agreement, at the same rent. The landlord must not charge a fee or receive a benefit, directly or indirectly, for giving this consent.

If a landlord unreasonably withholds consent to assign or sublet or charges a fee, the tenant may apply for arbitration under the Residential Tenancy Act.

9. Repairs (a) Landlords Duties: The landlord must provide and maintain the residential premises and residential property in a reasonable state of decoration and repair, making the residential premises and the residential property suitable for occupation by a reasonable tenant. The landlord must comply with health, safety and housing standards required by law. If the landlord is required to make a repair to comply with the above duties, the tenant may discuss it with the landlord. If the landlord refuses to make the repair, the tenant may seek an Arbitrators Order under the Residential Tenancy Act for the completion and costs of the repair. (b) Tenants Duties: The tenant must maintain ordinary health, cleanliness and sanitary standards throughout the residential premises and residential property. The tenant must take the necessary steps to repair damage to the residential premises and residential property caused by a wilful or negligent act or omission of the tenant or invited guests of the tenant. The tenant is not responsible for reasonable wear and tear to the residential premises. If the tenant does not comply with the above duties, the landlord may discuss the matter with the tenant and may seek a monetary order through arbitration under the Residential Tenancy Act for the cost of repairs, serve a Notice to End a Residential Tenancy, or both. ? Emergency Repairs: The landlord must post the name and telephone number of the designated contact person for emergency repairs. The tenant must make at least two attempts to notify the person designated by the landlord, and give a reasonable time for completion of the emergency repairs by the landlord. If the emergency repairs are still required, the tenant may undertake the repairs and deduct the cost from the next months rent, provided a statement of account and receipts are given to the landlord. The landlord may take over completion of the emergency repairs at any time. Emergency repairs must be urgent and necessary for the health and safety of persons or preservation of property and are limited to (I) major leaks in the pipes or roof, (ii) damaged or blocked water or sewer pipes or plumbing fixtures, (iii) repairs to the primary heating system, and (iv) defective locks that give access to the residential premises.

10. Occupants and Invited Guests (a) The landlord may not stop the tenant from having guests in the residential premises under reasonable circumstances. If the number of permanent occupants is unreasonable, the landlord may discuss the issue with the tenant and may serve a Notice to End a Residential Tenancy. Disputes regarding the notice may be resolved through arbitration under the Residential Tenancy Act. (b) If the tenant lives in a hotel, the landlord may impose reasonable restrictions on invited guests and reasonable extra charges for overnight accommodation of invited guests.

11. Locks Neither the tenant nor the landlord may change or add a lock or security device (for example, a door chain) to the residential premises unless both agree, or unless ordered by an arbitrator. In an emergency, the landlord may change the lock on the main door of the residential property and the tenant may change a defective lock on the residential premises and promptly provide the other party with a copy of the new key.

12. Entry of Residential Premises by the Landlord (a) For the duration of this tenancy agreement, the residential premises are the tenants home and the tenant is entitled to privacy, quiet enjoyment and to exclusive use of the residential premises. (b) The landlord may enter the residential premises only if one of the following applies: (I) the landlord gives the tenant a written notice which states why the landlord needs to enter the residential premises and specifies a reasonable time not sooner than 24 hours and not later than 72 hours from the time of giving the notice; (ii) there is an emergency; (iii) the tenant gives the landlord permission to enter at the time of entry or not more than one month before the time of entry for a specific purpose; (iv) the tenant has abandoned the residential premises; (v) the landlord has the order of an arbitrator or court saying the landlord may enter the residential premises; (vi) the landlord is providing maid service to a hotel tenant at a reasonable time. ? If a landlord enters the residential premises illegally, the tenant may apply for an Arbitrators Order under the Residential Tenancy Act, to change the locks for the residential premises and keep the only key. At the end of the tenancy, the tenant must give the key to the residential premises to the landlord.

13. Ending the Tenancy (a) The tenant may end a month-to-month tenancy by giving the landlord at least one months written notice. The landlord must receive the written notice before the day the rent is due, for the tenant to move out at the end of the following month. This notice must be in writing and must (I) include the address of the residential premises, (ii) include the date the tenancy is to end, and (iii) be signed by the tenant. For example, if the tenant wants to move at the end of May, the tenant must make sure the landlord receives written notice on or before April 30th. (b) The landlord may end the tenancy only for the reasons and only in the manner set out in the Residential Tenancy Act. The landlord must use the prescribed Notice to End a Residential Tenancy form available from the Residential Tenancy Branch. ? The landlord and tenant may mutually agree in writing to end this tenancy agreement at any time.

14. Landlords Obligation to Give Tenancy Agreement to Tenant In order for the landlord to insist on the performance of the tenants obligation to pay rent under the tenancy agreement, the tenant must receive a copy of this agreement promptly, and in any event not later than 21 days after the agreement was entered into.

15. Application of the Residential Tenancy Act The terms of this tenancy agreement and any changes or additions to the terms may not contradict or change any right or duty under the Residential Tenancy Act or a regulation made under that act and to the extent that a term of this tenancy agreement does contradict or change a right or duty under the Residential Tenancy Act or a regulation made under that act the term of this tenancy agreement is void. Any change or addition to this tenancy agreement must be agreed to in writing and initialled by both the landlord and tenant and must be reasonable. If a change is not agreed to in writing, is not initialled by the landlord and tenant or is not reasonable it is not enforceable.

16. Arbitration of Disputes Despite any other provision of this tenancy agreement, under the Residential Tenancy Act a tenant has the right to apply for arbitration to resolve a dispute. 17. Additional terms Write down any additional terms which the tenant and the landlord agree to. (Additional pages may be used.)___________________________________ ________________________ Landlord signature Date ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Tenant signature Date ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Tenant signature Date___________________________________ ___________________________________