美國四大國父和印第安人的種族滅絕政策（ZT)

來源: nuance 於 08-02-26 08:49:02 [檔案] [博客] [舊帖] [轉至博客] [給我悄悄話]





下面幾位被公讓為美國有史以來最偉大的四位總統，頭像被刻在了拉什莫爾山上。可是他們卻早在希特勒對猶太人進行種族滅絕之前，就對印第安人先採取了相似的政策……原作者的這個提法固然有些聳人聽聞，過於偏激，但也有幾分在理之處，哈哈。當然，肯定又會有不少人說，不能用現代社會的道德準則去要求古人……云云。

　　美國四大國父的種族滅絕政策

一、George Washington

喬治·華盛頓：用印第安人的人皮可以製作出優質長統靴

In 1779, George Washington instructed Major General John Sullivan to attack Iroquois people. Washington stated, lay waste all the settlements around...that the country may not be merely overrun, but destroyed. In the course of the carnage and annihilation of Indian people, Washington also instructed his general not listen to any overture of peace before the total ruin of their settlements is effected. (Stannard, David E. AMERICAN HOLOCAUST. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. pp. 118-121.)

In 1783, Washington‘s anti-Indian sentiments were apparent in his comparisons of Indians with wolves: Both being beast of prey, tho‘ they differ in shape, he said. George Washington‘s policies of extermination were realized in his troops behaviors following a defeat. Troops would skin the bodies of Iroquois from the hips downward to make boot tops or leggings. Indians who survived the attacks later re-named the nation‘s first president as Town Destroyer. Approximately 28 of 30 Seneca towns had been destroyed within a five year period. (Ibid)

譯文：

1779年，喬治華盛頓指示John Sullivan少將攻打Iroquois人民時說：假如將“垃圾”（指印第安人）放到所有定居點附近，那麼整個國家將不僅僅是泛濫成災，而是被摧毀了。在滅絕印第安人過程中，華盛頓還指示他的將軍說：在所有印第安人居留地被有效摧毀前不要聽取任何和平的建議”

在1783年，華盛頓在把印第安人和狼的相互比較中，他這種反印第安人情緒遺漏無疑：“兩者都是掠食的野獸，僅僅在形狀上不同”，他說。華盛頓的滅絕政策在他的部隊又一次擊敗了印第安人以後得以實施。軍士們從Iroquois人的死屍上剝皮，“從臀部往下剝皮，這樣可以製作出高的或可以並腿而長的長統靴來。”在那場襲擊後辛存的印第安人將美國第一總統改名為“小城摧毀者”。大概30個Senca人的城鎮中有28個在一個5年時間內被摧毀。

二、Thomas Jefferson 托馬斯·傑弗遜（就是那位聲稱“天賦人權”----人人生而平等的民主領袖）：美國必須滅絕印第安人

In 1807, Thomas Jefferson instructed his War Department that, should any Indians resist against America stealing Indian lands, the Indian resistance must be met with the hatchet. Jefferson continued, And...if ever we are constrained to lift the hatchet against any tribe, he wrote, we will never lay it down till that tribe is exterminated, or is driven beyond the Mississippi. Jefferson, the slave owner, continued, in war, they will kill some of us; we shall destroy all of them. (Ibid)

In 1812, Jefferson said that American was obliged to push the backward Indians with the beasts of the forests into the Stony Mountains. One year later Jefferson continued anti-Indian statements by adding that America must pursue [the Indians] to extermination, or drive them to new seats beyond our reach. (Ibid)

譯文：

1807年，托馬斯傑弗遜指示他的戰爭部門，說道，如果印第安人反抗美國人去竊取他們的土地，那麼，印第安人的肯定會用“短柄斧頭”來反抗，傑弗遜繼續道，“如果我們約束自己去舉斧迎向這些部落，那麼在這些部落滅絕之前我們將不會安靜地躺下，或者被驅趕出密西西比河以外”，傑弗遜，這個奴隸主，繼續道： “在戰爭中，他們會殺死我們中的某些人，但我們會殺死他們全部。

　　在1812年，傑弗遜說美國人被迫趕退印第安人，“(就如)將森林野獸趕入亂石山”一年後，傑弗遜繼續他的反印第安人言論，美國人必須“追求滅絕印第安人或者將他們驅趕到我們不去的地方”

三、Abraham Lincoln 亞伯拉罕·林肯：每十分鐘***一名印第安人的美國總統

In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln ordered the ????ution, by hanging, of 38 Dakota Sioux prisoners in Mankato, Minnesota. Most of those ????uted were holy men or political leaders of their camps. None of them were responsible for committing the crimes they were accused of. Coined as the Largest Mass ????ution in U.S. History. (Brown, Dee. BURY MY HEART AT WOUNDED KNEE. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1970. pp. 59-61)

“It is my purpose to utterly exterminate the Sioux. They are to

e treated as maniacs or wild beasts”

《into the west》：

None of the Indians tried were given any semblance of a defense.Their trials lasted approximately 10 minutes each. All adult maleswere found guilty of murder and sentenced to death with the onlyevidence against them being they had been present during a warwhich they themselves had declared against the government.

譯文：

　　1862年，林肯總統下令絞死了38個明尼蘇達曼卡托地區的達可它人蘇語部落的38個囚犯。這些被絞死的人大部分都是他們營地的神職人員和政治領袖。他們之中沒有人犯過他們所被控告的罪行，這鑄造了美國歷史上最大規模的死刑.

　　“此戰的目標是徹底滅絕蘇部落。他們將被象野獸一樣對待。”（林肯對即將出征剿殺印第安人的美國陸軍中將John Pope交待他的作戰目標）

　　被林肯下令***的39名印第安人，沒有一個經過法庭辯論程序，每十分鐘判一個，比希特勒更利索。尤其令人髮指的是，該部落的所有成人都被定了死罪，唯一的證據是他們反對政府，而且戰爭發生時，他們在常

四、Theodore Roosevelt西奧多·羅斯福：只有死掉的印第安人才是好的

The fourth face you see on that Stony Mountain is America‘s first twentieth century president, alleged American hero, and Nobel peace prize recipient, Theodore Roosevelt. This Indian fighter firmly grasped the notion of Manifest Destiny saying that America‘s extermination of the Indians and thefts our their lands was ultimately beneficial as it was inevitable. Roosevelt once said, I don‘t go so far as to think that the only good Indians are dead Indians, but I believe nine out of ten are, and I shouldn‘t like to inquire too closely into the case of the tenth. (Stannard, Op.Cit.)

譯文：在亂石山上你看到的第四張臉孔是美國20世紀的第一任總統，所謂的美國英雄和諾貝爾和平獎得主，西奧多·羅斯福. 印第安鬥士已經牢牢地掌握了他們命運的話語權：美國人對印第安人採取種族滅絕而且偷走了印第安人的土地。羅斯福說：“ 這是不可避免而且最終有利的，我不想走得太遠去說只有死掉的印第安人才是好的，但是我相信10個好印第安人有9個是死了的，而且我也不願意去仔細查詢第 10個死亡的案情。

歷史學家的評論：

The apathy displayed by these founding fathers symbolize the demoralization related to racial superiority. Scholars point toward this racial polarization as evidence of the existence of Eugenics.

Eugenics is a new term for an old phenomena which asserts that Indian people should be exterminated because they are an inferior race of people. Jefferson‘s suggestion to pursue the Indians to extermination fits well into the eugenistic vision. In David Stannard‘s study American Holocaust, he writes: had these same words been enunciated by a German leader in 1939, and directed at European Jews, they would be engraved in modern memory. Since they were uttered by one of America‘s founding fathers, however...they conveniently have become lost to most historians in their insistent celebration of Jefferson‘s wisdom and humanity. Roosevelt feared that American upper classes were being replaced by the unrestricted breeding of inferior racial stocks, the utterly shiftless, and the worthless (Ibid)

　　這些美國國父們所表現出來的冷漠象徵了與種族優越感相聯繫的道德敗壞。學者們也趨向這些種族分化作為優生論存在的證據。