<进入华夏古大陆的先民，主要有南北两支。>
- 其实有四支。另两支中一支为漠北进入，一支为海上迂回进入。
- 人类所有的Y染色体非重组区单倍体基因单倍体型, 大致可划为18个型态。
- 所有东亚人种的Y染色体基因群, 从18个型态的单倍体基因中, 有人认为共组合成不同的6组, American Journal of Human Genetics 则认为刚进入东亚时只有4组: O*, O1, O2, O3, 再进一步标有16个亚组。
- 6组先民有四支进入华夏古大陆。
- 四支中构成现代汉人Y染色体基因的,主要有南北两支。即带M134突变的汉藏祖先先羌，和带M119突变的百越族。
<南北两支男性遗传密码的Y染色体带有M122突变。>
- M122分布很广，几乎所有的东亚和东南亚包括西藏等地。朝鲜日本东南亚，在太平洋岛屿上也有少量发现。带M122突变的先民,一支从滇，经康藏，至陕甘，成为北支。另一支从桂粤，经闽浙，至苏南成为南支。
- American Journal of Human Genetics 则认为南支的M119更古老,直接从M175, 而不是从M122突变而成。可能因时间计算的精确度不一样而造成的。
<北支则多带一个M134突变, 就是先羌，即汉族与藏族人的共同祖先, 带此基因。他们分化的年代约在5000年前。 >
- 北支在6000年前,产生M134突变,就是先羌。
<此后在此基础上又发生了M117的突变,这个群体就是华人。M117基因在汉满蒙朝日诸族中比例相近。>
- 先羌在5000年前,产生M117突变,就是北方汉人基因。主要分布在北方汉人以及北方一些民族中间。在现代北方汉人中占80%, 满蒙朝日族中约10%(值得商榷,需进一步数据核实), 而源于古越族的现代南方汉人占0%。
- 可参阅American Journal of Human Genetics 汉族谱系图:
北支: M175 deletion -> M122 -> M134 -> M117;
南支: M175 deletion -> M119;
<南支带着M119突变形成了百越民族。一部分南方汉人中先民可能是古越族的，只带M119突变, 不带M134及M117突变。>
- 如按照 American Journal of Human Genetics 汉族谱系图:
南支不带M122, M324, M134及M117突变;
- 可参阅复旦大学现代人类学研究中心李辉对古吴人和古越人的对比研究报告。 李辉发现越人各民族的身上有大量的M119突变。吴人则很少有。
- 以下为二手数据，(遗传学报18(2)：97-108) 中国人口资料与免疫球蛋白数据摘录： (http://baike.baidu.com/view/625635.html)
．省．．市（人数）Gm1,3;5．Gm1;2．．．市（人数）Gm1,3;5．Gm1;2
河南．洛阳（149）．28.26%．39.35%．．商丘（112）．24.04%．35.48%
浙北．肖山（100）．34.32%．37.34%．．宁波（104）．39.19%．33.16%
浙南．金华（115）．50.84%．19.89%．．温州（150）．52.01%．25.56%
湖北．黄石（126）．53.91%．22.91%．．武汉（116）．49.99%．18.19%
江西．南昌（104）．54.59%．23.86%．．宜春（150）．59.85%．15.81%
湖南．长沙（140）．60.78%．21.63%．．韶阳（132）．63.76%．18.10%
四川．重庆（136）．62.94%．11.54%．．成都（194）．62.09%．16.84%
福建．福州（088）．59.47%．18.36%．．厦门（115）．64.55%．21.12%
粤东．汕头（110）．58.46%．16.79%．．梅县（092）．71.71%．11.76%
两广．广州（144）．74.09%． 9.58%．．柳州（227）．66.76%．14.50%
浙江景宁畲族（120）．75.44%．11.06%
广西南宁壮族（113）．77.19%． 3.62%
广西侗族（199）．．．81.05%． 4.56%
贵州台江苗族（114）．87.51%． 9.07%
贵州三都水族（119）．92.11%． 3.93%
河北青龙满族（104）．18.00%．49.92%
西藏拉萨藏族（103）． 6.05%．56.24%
塞北归化蒙古族（106）．28.55%．40.90%
- 不难发现免疫球蛋白的异型频率分布，两个单体型Gm1,3;5与Gm1;2的出现频率南方人与北方人差异很大, 但北方汉人与满蒙藏人非常接近。
- 南北汉人应以浙北，安徽，河南，陕西一线为界: when Gm1,3;5 < 40 and Gm1;2 > 30。
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