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Ԭ¡ƽ ¡¡¡¡²»¿É·ñÈÏ£¬Henry M. Beachell ¶ÔË®µ¾ÓýÖֵűÏ×£¬Òª²»È»96ÄêÒ²²»»á»ñµÃÊÀ½çÁ¸Ê³½±¡£ÔÚÕâÀïÎÒÖ÷Òª¾ÍËÊÇÔÓ½»Ë®µ¾Ö®¸¸µÄÎÊÌâ½øÐÐÌÖÂÛ¡£
¡¡¡¡ÏÈ˵˵ÎÄÕÂÖÐÌáµ½µÄIR8Æ·ÖÖ¡£ËüµÄµÄÈ·È·ÊÇÒ»¸ö·Ç³£ÓÅÐãµÄÆ·ÖÖ¡£²»¹ý£¬¸÷λ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÍøÉÏËÑһϣ¬¾ÍÖªµÀËüÊdz£¹æÆ·ÖÖ£¨variety£©¶ø²»ÊÇÔÓ½»ÖÖ£¨hybrid£©ÁË¡£Henry M. Beachell 1963Äêµ½IRRI£¨¹ú¼ÊË®µ¾Ñо¿Ëù£©¹¤×÷£¬½«Ì¨ÍåµÄÒ»ÖÖ°«¸ËµÄÆ·ÖÖÓë·ÆÂɱöµÄÒ»¸ö¿¹²¡Æ·ÖÖÔÓ½»ºóÑ¡Óý¶ø³É£¬²úÁ¿´ó·ù¶ÈÌá¸ß¡£
¡¡¡¡1966Äê¿ªÊ¼ÍÆ¹ã£¬ÔÚÁ¼ºÃ¹à¸Èµ÷½ÚϲúÁ¿¿ÉÒÔ··¬¡£ÊìϤÓýÖÖ³£Ê¶µÄÈËÖªµÀ£¬³£¹æÆ·ÖÖºÍÔÓ½»ÖÖµÄÑ¡Óý³ÌÐòÊDz»Ò»ÑùµÄ£¬³£¹æÆ·ÖÖÏÈÔÓ½»£¬ÔÙ´¿»¯ÎªÎȶ¨Æ·ÖÖ£¬¶øÔÓ½»ÖÖÏÈҪѡ×Ô½»Ïµ£¨ÏñÔÚË®µ¾µÈÐí¶à×÷ÎïÉÏ£¬»¹ÒªÏÈÑ¡²»Óýϵ£©£¬×îºóÔÓ½»ÖÖÖ±½ÓÓõ½Éú²ú¡£ÔÙ˵3Äêʱ¼äÊÇÑ¡Óý²»³öÊÀ½çµÚÒ»¸öÔÓ½»Öֵġ£
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¡¡¡¡Brief history of hybrid rice
¡¡¡¡1926 - Heterosis in rice reported
¡¡¡¡1964 - China started hybrid rice research
¡¡¡¡1970 - China discovered a commercially usable genetic tool for hybrid rice (male sterility in a wild rice = Wild Abortive )
¡¡¡¡1973 - PTGMS rice was found in China
¡¡¡¡1974 - First commercial three-line rice hybrid released in China
¡¡¡¡1976 - Large scale hybrid rice commercialization began in China
¡¡¡¡1979 - IRRI revived research on hybrid rice
¡¡¡¡1981 - PTGMS rice genetics and application was confirmed
¡¡¡¡1982 - Yield superiority of rice hybrids in the tropics confirmed (IRRI)
¡¡¡¡1990s - India and Vietnam started hybrid rice programs with IRRI
¡¡¡¡1991 - More than 50% of China¡¯s riceland planted to hybrids
¡¡¡¡1994 - First commercial two-line rice hybrid released in China
¡¡¡¡1994 - 1998 - Commercial rice hybrids released in India, Philippines Vietnam
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¡¡¡¡ÔÚHenry M. Beachell ÔÚ°ÙËêÊÅÊÀʱ£¬¿´¿´Å¦Ô¼Ê±±¨¶ÔËûµÄ½éÉÜ
¡¡¡¡While working for the institute in the 1960s, Mr. Beachell and others crossed rice plants from Taiwan and Indonesia to produce a new variety, which they named IR8. The resulting plant was shorter and sturdier than its progenitors, less prone to damage during harvest and quicker to cultivate. ¡IR8 helped to feed the population in the Philippines and other countries and ''remains among the highest-yielding rice varieties.'' ÎÄÖÐ¶ÔÆä»Ô»ÍµÄ³É¾Í×÷Á˽éÉÜ£¬Ñ¹¸ù¾ÍûÓйØÓÚÔÓ½»Ë®µ¾µÄ½éÉÜ¡£Èç¹ûÊÇÊÀ½çÔÓ½»µ¾µÚÒ»È˵ϰ£¬Ó¦¸ÃûÓÐÈË»áÍüÁ˰ɣ¿
¡¡¡¡ÖÁÓÚ˵Öйú90%µÄÆ·ÖÖ¶¼ÊÇ´ÓIRRIÆ·ÖÖ·¢Õ¹À´µÄ£¬Î´×öÉîÈëÁ˽⣬²»¸ÒÍý¶Ï¡£µ«ÓÐÒ»µãÊÇÐèÒªÃ÷°×µÄ£¬ºÍÆäËûÐÐÒµµÄ´´ÐÂÒ»Ñù£¬ÈËÀàÀúÊ·ÉϾø´ó¶àÊý×÷ÎïÆ·ÖÖ¶¼ÊÇÀûÓÃǰÈËµÄÆ·ÖÖ×ÊԴΪÆðµã¡£ÊÀ½ç·¶Î§ÄÚÒýÖÖÊǷdz£ÆÕ±éµÄÏÖÏ󣬰üÀ¨ÐÂÖÖÀà×÷ÎïµÄÒìµØÒýÖÖÍÆ¹ã¡£
¡¡¡¡¸úHenry M. BeachellÒ»Ñù£¬Ô¬Â¡Æ½ÏÈÉúÒ²ÔÚ2004ÄêÒ²»ñµÃÁËWorld Food Prize¡£ÁíÍ⣬ͬÄêËû»¹»ñµÃÁËWolf Prize¡£ÕâЩӦ¸ÃÊÇÊÀ½ç¶ÔÔ¬ÀÏÏÈÉúµÄ¿Ï¶¨¡£
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