歷史豈容任意塑造？ ——駁封從德等人對《天安門》的指控 蘆笛 剛才看見封從德先生等人的《請簽名——致〈天安門〉製片人的公開信》，指責“該影片有選擇地引用了一些句語，同時又遺漏了一些重要的史實，創作了一些不真實的歷史記錄，尤其是關係到天安門廣場總指揮柴玲的部分很不真實”。唯一能舉出的證據只有兩條。 第一條是： “顯然，柴玲的用語‘期待流血’被《天安門》製片人卡瑪•韓丁Carma Hinton 錯誤地翻譯並斷章取義。“期待”應譯為“預期或等待”(anticipate or wait)，而非影片中所謂的“期望”(hope for)。我們在現場的都知道，柴玲那句話是指我們預期可能會發生鎮壓，並希望一旦發生鎮壓是在公共場所和媒體面前，而不是在陰暗的角落、不會從世人的視野中消失，就像其他1989年之前和之後眾多的民眾邉幽菢印６�沁b�重要的是我們預期的是鎮壓，而非大屠殺。另外還應注意，學囈M織者已作了最大努力，以確保選擇留在天安門廣場的學生和民眾明白風險並自願留下。” 可惜柴女士的那個講話錄音稿就放在網上，由不得封先生20年後（或1995年後）任意作整容手術。 先看“期待流血”是否誤譯。根據《漢典》的解釋： 期待 期望；等待。 南朝 梁 沈約 《還園宅奉酬華陽先生》詩：“早欲尋名山，期待婚嫁畢。” 唐 韓愈 《答渝州李使君書》：“是以負所期待，竊竊轉語於人，不見成效，此 愈 之罪也。” 明 方孝孺 《與鄭叔度書》之七：“但媿學術荒陋，無所建明，孤負期待，以損知人之哲。” 袁鷹 《十月長安街》：“億萬人民衷心期待的勝利，在我們最焦急、最憤懣的時刻成為鋼澆鐵鑄的現實了。” 所舉的例句，無論是古語還是現代語，全都有hope for的意思。 再來看柴玲原話： “政府這方面已經逐漸的穩固了。我們唯一能做的就是我們在天安門廣場堅持，等待看一看人民能不能真正團結起來，因為到最後只有是人民跟這個與人民作對的政府來較量了。 同學們老在問，我們下一步要幹什麼，我們能達到什麼要求，我心裡覺得很悲哀，我沒辦法告訴他們，其實我們期待的就是，就是流血。就是讓政府最後，無賴至極的時候它用屠刀來對着它的，它的公民。我想，也只有廣場血流成河的時候，全中國的人才能真正擦亮眼 睛。（哭）他們真正才能團結起來。 ” 她說的清清楚楚：她期望等待的就是廣場血流成河，因為只有這樣，才能擦亮全國人民眼睛，起來推翻政府（“我想最終的就是推翻這個沒有人性的，不再代表人民利益的反動的政府，而建立一個人民自由的政府，而讓中華人民真正地站起來，讓一個人民的共和國真正地誕生。” ） 這難道不是“希望”的意思？請問譯為hope for 究竟有何失真之處？頂多就是該改為“hope and wait for”，少了個wait而已，但加上wait其實更糟糕，有了“迫不及待”的意思，雖然柴玲的原話確實透出了這種意味，但若真是如此翻譯，封先生能同意麼？ 柴玲在談話中反覆用了“流血”一語，甚至具體說明那是“廣場上血流成河”，證明封先生所謂“重要的是我們預期的是鎮壓，而非大屠殺”完全是謊言。實際發生的大屠殺，也沒到“血流成河”的地步，哪怕是在最嚴重的木樨地也如此。所以，嚴格說來，匪黨獸軍的努力其實還沒能滿足柴玲的期待值。 該信作出的第二個指控是： “尤為重要的是，柴玲那句‘……我要求生’也被斷章取義，從而給出一個虛假的印象，讓人以為她自己逃跑了。而事實上，她和天安門學生和民眾示威者一直留在廣場，直到最後一刻，並在‘六四’清晨帶領大家撤離廣場，一道走回校園。正是這樣的不實印象，誤導了香港大學學生會會長陳一諤，導致他最近作了一個錯誤的公開演講，從而被暸解真相的香港大學的學生們罷免。像陳一諤這樣受誤導的觀眾很多，這從互聯網上因貴片引起的對柴玲的大量惡評就可明顯看出。 柴玲5月28日的錄像談話提到求生的願望，這是我們共同的願望。當時的11億中國人無一沒有強烈的求生願望。事實上，面臨屠殺和監禁，我們和廣場上的同伴中的許多人都作出了艱難的抉擇，用犧牲求生的願望來維護我們的責任與尊嚴。實際上，在‘六四’屠殺後被迫轉入地下的過程中，在躲藏、囚禁和流亡海外的經歷中，正是這種求生的願望，給我們以勇氣和力量生存下來。正如柴玲在《絕食書》中所說的那樣：‘我們以死的氣概，為了生而戰’。” 這又是罔顧事實的文過飾非，請看柴玲自己是怎麼說的： “問：下一步呢？ 下一步作為我個人，我願意求生下去。廣場上的同學，我想只能是堅持到底，等待政府狗急跳牆的時候血洗。” “問：你自己會繼續在廣場堅持嗎？ 　我想我不會的。 　問：為什麼呢？ 因為我跟大家不一樣。我是上了黑名單的人。被這樣的政府殘害，不甘心。我要求生。我就這樣想。我不知道會不會有人說自私什麼的，但是我覺得，我的這些工作，應該有人來接着幹下去，因為這種民主運動不是一個人能幹成的。這段話先不要披露，好嗎？” Once again, 柴玲自己說得清清楚楚，告訴大家她個人準備求生，同學們則只能堅持到底，等待政府血洗。在此，她把自己與“廣場上的同學”、“大家”的命運分得判若涇渭，毫無曖昧不明之處。求生是她個人的願望，不是封先生所謂“這是我們共同的願望”。她還怕人家說她自私，若是共同願望，何來“自私”一說？若求生真是她與同學們的共同願望，她為何還要堅決反對30號撤出廣場，要“想告訴大家，現在廣場是我們唯一的陣地了，我們再失守這個陣地話，那麼中國就要復辟了”，號召“保衛天安門”，賴在廣場上不走？在戒嚴令下達後、或哪怕是緊急通告下達後撤出廣場，不就能輕而易舉實現共同求生的願望了麼？ 最不能原諒的是，柴玲一面期望等待流血，準備個人求生，一面又欺騙比她小得多的孩子們堅持在廣場上送死： “我想，也只有廣場血流成河的時候，全中國的人才能真正擦亮眼 睛。（哭）他們真正才能團結起來。但是這種話怎麼能跟同學們說？” “所以我覺得很悲哀。這些話沒有辦法直接跟同學講，跟同學說，我們就是要在這裡流血，用我們的鮮血和生命來喚起民眾，同學們肯定會這樣做的，但是，他們年輕的孩子們（哭 ）。” 這就是封先生說的：“學囈M織者已作了最大努力，以確保選擇留在天安門廣場的學生和民眾明白風險並自願留下”？ 白紙黑字，鐵證如山，斧頭也砍不掉，縱是封先生利舌如簧，也不能把“期待”曲解為“anticipate”，把個人求生、集體送命的罪惡計劃美化為“集體求生”。求生毫不可恥，乃是人類最正當的願望，最基本的權利，可恥的是欺騙他人去送命，號召市民“保衛天安門”，為自己築成人盾，一面又準備個人求生。至於柴玲最後沒這麼做，非不為也，是不能也，突如其來、急轉直下的事態發展打破了她的如意算盤，沒能來得及逃走而已，這也能當成她的功勞？ 只是因為她的個人逃生計劃被打破，而卡瑪又沒能拍到她最後撤出的鏡頭，封先生便指責人家歪曲事實，誤導觀眾，這說得過去麼？那部電影是報道整個歷史事件的，並不是為柴女皇作起居注。提出這種奇怪要求，封先生何以不會覺得過份與僭妄？就算卡瑪是柴玲私人僱傭的攝影師，她也不可能做到時時刻刻守在柴玲身邊，及時拍下她的每個歷史性行動吧？ 就算柴玲有抓S糊臉的狂熱愛好，明明不想獨自逃生，準備一道與大眾死在血流成河的廣場上，卻要向西方記者撒謊，以便徹底糟蹋自己的形象，那也是她自己的錯，不能賴到採訪者頭上去。封先生為什麼不去聲討責備柴玲誤導觀眾？她自己不說那些話，還能有人誤會麼？ 其實就算觀眾以為柴玲那晚根本不在，也沒怎麼冤枉她，蓋那不過是50步與百步的差別，按柴玲的邏輯，撤出廣場當然是可恥的逃跑，是“投降”，就算是最後一個逃跑，也仍然是逃跑，她為何忘記了自己的誓言“吾以吾血建中華”，不在廣場上堅持下去，而要當她反覆譴責可恥的“投降派”、“陰謀家”、“特務”，讓廣場那個“唯一的陣地”淪陷，中國實現了“復辟”涅？ 綜上所述，我認為電影《天安門》並無嚴重失實之處，是一部相當難得的好電影。柴玲因為該片沒有美化她，反而為世人如實留下了她的歷史性證言，向讀者揭示了她陰暗的內心世界，就此惱羞成怒，動用自己公司的雄厚財力，對非盈利組織長弓紀錄片攝製組惡意興訟纏訟，搞到人家快破產的地步。封先生還雪上加霜，呼應柴玲的迫害行動，在網上散發公開信，歪曲事實詆毀《天安門》製片人，企圖封殺不利於自己神話形象的客觀記錄，實非文明人所當為，所屑為！ 希望有識之士起來捍衛神聖的言論自由，捍衛草民對朝野政客們品頭評足的神聖權利，抵制毛共餘孽在西方開展造神運動、赤化西方世界、壓制言論自由、實行輿論一律的反動行為，在聲援長弓紀錄片攝製組的呼籲書上踴躍簽名，使得純潔的西方不被從東方流來的共毒敗壞，讓我們可以繼續享受自由的多元輿論，謝謝！ -------------------------------------------------- 附錄： 呼籲書 紀念六四 兼論言論自由及其倡導者 （長弓紀錄片製作組，2009年4月15日） 值此1989天安門抗議運動20周年之際，我們懷着沉痛的心情紀念這一慘遭殘酷鎮壓的民眾運動。在這場運動中，數以百萬計的中國民眾曾走上街頭，要求新聞與言論自由。 20年前，長弓製作組着手編導紀錄片《天安門》並建立相關的歷史資料網站（www.tsquare.tv），旨在以獨立的視角和深入淺出的方式表現這一歷史事件的複雜動因及過程，並為學者和公眾持續提供有關的研究資料。 1995年10月，《天安門》入選紐約電影節。影片尚未公映，就遭到來自中國政府和某些89學運參與者兩方面的聲討。隨後中國政府要求所有的國際電影節禁 演此片，聲稱《天安門》“歌頌暴徒，誤導觀眾，傷害了12億中國人民的感情”。反對此片的學運參與者則一口咬定我們是受中國政府指使，斥我們“是一群蒼 蠅，是我們這個時代真正的疾病。” 儘管如此，《天安門》仍在美國和世界各地獲得多項電影與學術大獎。影片至今依然受到媒體、有關研究人員以及教育界人士的關注，與其網站一道，已成 為國際上有關中國現代史研究探討的組成部分。我們深信，此類獨立研究與獨立影片的製作只有在學術界同仁、公共基金會及私人捐助的鼎力支持下，在言論自由得 到充分保障的情況下才能得以進行。 然而今天，我們作為一個獨立製片和歷史檔案機構的基本生存正在受到嚴重的威脅。令人深感擔憂的是，這種威脅竟來自一個曾在1989年學生運動中聲 稱支持言論自由和民主的人士。柴玲，原保衛天安門廣場指揮部總指揮、尖子班（註：美國一商業軟件公司 Jenzabar）現任總裁，與她的丈夫 Robert Maginn（原 Bain Capital的合伙人及director，現任尖子班首席執行官）於2007年在美國麻州波士頓以損害名譽和商標侵權兩項罪名對我們提出了控告。 “損害名譽”的指控基於我們的網站鏈接了美國一些主流媒體發表的文章，其中涉及到有關尖子班、柴玲和Robert Maginn的一些負面消息。關於商標侵權的指控，則僅僅基於我們的網站中引述相關文章時出現了“尖子班”這一名稱。對於“損害名譽”的起訴，法院決定不 予受理。對“商標侵權”的指控，法院認為：雖然由於兩家公司業務不同，尖子班勝訴的可能性極小，但仍決定給予尖子班一次為其指控提供證據的機會。 我們的長弓製作組是一個非盈利性的紀錄片製作公司，而尖子班是一家為高等教育機構提供管理系統軟件的商業公司。我們與尖子班的業務毫不相干，亦不 存在任何商業上的競爭。尖子班卻指控我們的網站侵犯其商標，誤導其潛在用戶，從而造成其公司的客戶流失。我們並非商業軟件公司，也不銷售尖子班的客戶可能 感到興趣的一類軟件，而且事實上也從未有人就尖子班或其軟件與我們進行過聯繫。 近年來，美國的一些主流媒體，如《波士頓環球報》、《福布斯》、及《高等教育學報》，都曾報道過並在網上存檔尖子班及其總裁柴玲的情況。長弓網站 僅止於引用了這些報道。據我們所知，首發報道的這些主流媒體並沒有受到尖子班的任何指控。因此我們有理由認為，這次法律訴訟顯然是旨在以要挾為手段，迫使 我們從網站上刪除與柴玲和尖子班有關的信息。柴玲的律師就曾明確要求我們從網站上刪除一切有關尖子班的材料。然而我們認為，這些歷史資料不僅有關公眾利 益，而且早已通過其它途徑進入公眾視聽領域。為儘早結束這場在我們看來是懲罰性的法律訴訟，我們與對方進行了多次談判並作出某些和解性讓步，然而這場官司 目前依然在繼續，已經給我們帶來巨大的財務損耗，以至威脅到我們這個機構的生存。 以下是2007年5月對方提出的控告的摘錄。 這些嚴重的指控既是對長弓製作組的威脅，更是對我們一貫所珍視的政治與言論自由等基本原則的威脅： “出於惡意和對共產黨政府官員的同情，並一心想詆毀中國天安門民主運動的一名學生領袖柴玲，長弓製作組在其網站傳播有關原告的虛假信息，從一些過 時的報道中收集誤導性言論，散播半真半假的消息，以期造成對尖子班、柴玲和Maginn的不良印象。為確保這些內容儘可能廣泛地傳播，以造成最大損害，長 弓在未經授權的情況下使用受法律保護的尖子班商標，將讀者引到長弓網站。後果之一是，尖子班的客戶及潛在客戶被誤導到該網站和該網站上的詆毀性內容，由此 造成對尖子班名譽的傷害和商業機遇的損失。” “我們獲知並認為長弓的詆毀性言論出自對柴玲本人的惡意，圖謀損害柴玲的聲譽，以達到他們別有用心的政治目的。” 起訴書同時還要求： “長弓必須申報由前述非法行為所帶來的所有贏利，並用此非法獲得的贏利對尖子班進行陪償。” 我們認為，尖子班這一指控，旨在傷害我們這個非盈利性的獨立製片和研究團體，這個團體在過去三十年間為世界各地的廣大觀眾與教育界提供了有關中國 歷史、人文風貌的各種影片。柴玲和尖子班似乎已下定決心，除非我們順其要求從網站上刪除歷史資料並迴避尖子班的名稱，他們就要通過曠日持久的訴訟過程耗盡 我們這個非盈利機構的有限財力。我們認為，他們的目的和手段不僅對我們具有極其嚴重的後果，同時在更大的範圍內，對言論自由與獨立學術探討也具有深遠的負 面影響。 我們認為，在紀念六四20周年的同時，有必要反思與重申如下一些原則在我們自己所處的環境中的重要性。這些原則包括：獨立思想、獨立於任何政治與商業利益集團的歷史研究、收集和保護歷史文獻、以及言論自由。 為此，我們向各位專家學者、各媒體及教育界的同仁們、以及關注此案的公眾提出呼籲，請到我們的網站（www.tsquare.tv）閱讀有關這場法律訴訟的詳細資料，以期就言論自由等有關問題作出你們自己的判斷。 此呼籲書絕非針對尖子班、其產品或其所提供的用戶服務。我們無意引起或參與任何抵制尖子班，或有損於尖子班 的營業與雇員的任何活動。我們只要求維護我們的權利，捍衛言論自由，保護我們自己和我們所從事的工作不受這一無理指控的傷害。 如果你願意助我們一臂之力，請在這份呼籲書上簽名，以表示對我們立場的支持。你的簽名不具備任何法律義務、責任或承諾，也不表明你一定認同我們在 影片或網站上發表的觀點。你的簽名只意味着，當一個商業公司企圖憑藉金錢與權勢來壓制爭論、刪除歷史資料時，它的這種行為將在學術界以及公眾中引起關注。 如果你願意簽名支持我們，請發電子郵件至 info@longbow.org 。請標明你的職務和所屬機構。 英文稿件以及簽名名單如下： An Appeal In Memoriam- Tiananmen 1989, Free Speech & its Advocates The Long Bow Group, Boston (15 April 2009) We commemorate the twentieth anniversary of the 1989 Protest Movement in China and recall with heavy hearts its brutal suppression. During that movement millions of people in China demonstrated in support of freedom of expression and media openness. In making the documentary film The Gate of Heavenly Peace (天安門 1995), and with the creation of its archival website (www.tsquare.tv), the Long Bow Group attempted to reflect the complex motives and stories behind the events of 1989 in an accessible format, and to provide specialists and the public with an ongoing research resource. The film was attacked sight unseen both by the Chinese government and by several former student activists prior to its première at the New York Film Festival in October 1995. Subsequently, the Chinese authorities demanded it be banned from international film festivals, claiming that showing it would ‘mislead the audience and hurt the feelings of 1.2 billion Chinese people.’ Meanwhile, the student activists who opposed the film accused us of working for the Chinese government and denounced us as ‘a pack of flies, a true disease of our era.’ (他們是一群蒼蠅, 是我們這個時代真正的疾病). Despite controversy The Gate of Heavenly Peace went on to win numerous prestigious film and academic awards in the United States and overseas. The film has continued to draw attention in the mass media, among researchers and educators and, together with the related website, it forms part of the international discussion of China’s modern history. We believe that the kind of independent research and cinematic work we produce has only been possible through the support of academic colleagues, public funding agencies, private donations, and under the protective umbrella of free speech. We are now deeply concerned because our very existence as an independent film and archive group is being threatened by a lawsuit launched by one of the people who, during the 1989 Protest Movement in Beijing, professed support for freedom of speech and democracy. Chai Ling (Ling Chai), President of Jenzabar, Inc., and in 1989 Commander-in-Chief of the Defend Tiananmen Square Headquarters, and her husband, Robert Maginn, CEO of Jenzabar and a former Senior Partner and Director at Bain & Company, sued the Long Bow Group in 2007 in Boston, Massachusetts, for defamation and trademark infringement. The lawsuit accused us of defamation because our website links to mainstream media news articles that reported critical information about Jenzabar, Chai Ling, and Robert Maginn. The trademark allegations are based on our use of the name ‘Jenzabar’ in the website. In the early stages of the litigation, the court threw out the defamation claims but not the trademark claims. The court recognized that ‘Jenzabar seems unlikely to prevail on [the trademark claims],’ but nevertheless decided to give Jenzabar a chance to try to prove its claims. As a result, we are facing the accusation that Long Bow – a non-profit documentary film producer – is violating the commercial trademark of Jenzabar, a company that sells administrative and management software systems to large educational institutions. Although we clearly have no connection to Jenzabar and do not compete in any respect with Jenzabar, the lawsuit claims that our site diverts and confuses Jenzabar’s potential customers. In fact, not one person has ever contacted the Long Bow Group about software or Jenzabar. Over the years, mainstream US media publications (in particular, The Boston Globe, Forbes and The Chronicle of Higher Education) have produced and archived materials related to Jenzabar and its President, Chai Ling. The Long Bow website merely quotes from these materials, yet we are not aware of any action against these larger publications. In our opinion, this lawsuit is clearly intended to intimidate us into removing these news accounts and other information about Chai Ling and Jenzabar from our website. Indeed, Chai Ling’s lawyers have demanded that we remove any reference to the company from our website. We believe that this material is of public interest and it is already in the public domain through other sources. Despite long months of discussion and conciliatory action on our part, undertaken in the hope of bringing an end to what we believe is malicious litigation, the case continues at great expense and risk to us. The following excerpts from the Complaint filed against Long Bow in May 2007 demonstrate the seriousness of this lawsuit, as a threat to Long Bow and to the principles of political and expressive freedom that we hold so dearly: —‘Motivated by ill-will, their sympathy for officials in the Communist government of China, and a desire to discredit Chai, a former student leader in the pro-democracy movement in China’s Tiananmen Square, Long Bow Group, Inc. (“Long Bow”) has published false content concerning the Plaintiffs on the website it maintains (the “Site”) and has collected a misleading sample of statements from outdated articles to circulate half-truths and falsehoods, and to create false impressions about Jenzabar, Chai, and Maginn. To ensure that this content is widely viewed and as damaging as possible, Long Bow makes unauthorized use of Jenzabar’s protected trademarks to direct traffic to the Site. As a consequence, Jenzabar’s clients and prospective clients are diverted to the Site and its defamatory content, causing reputational injury and loss of business opportunities.’ —‘Upon information and belief, Long Bow’s defamatory statements are motivated by malice toward Chai, as well as Long Bow’s desire to discredit Chai and advance Long Bow’s divergent political agenda.’ The Complaint also makes a demand: —‘For an accounting of the gains and profits realized by Long Bow from its aforesaid wrongful acts, and restitution and/or disgorgement to Jenzabar of Long Bow’s ill-gotten gains.’ We believe this is a concerted attempt to undermine a nonprofit film and research organization that has for nearly thirty years presented audiences and educators throughout the world with work on Chinese life and history. Chai and Jenzabar appear determined to drain the limited resources of the Long Bow Group for not complying with their demands that we remove historical materials and data, as well as all references to Jenzabar, from our website. We are of the view that such demands and tactics have dire implications not only for us, but more widely for free speech and independent scholarship. We believe that in commemorating the events of 1989 twenty years on, it is important to reflect also on the value of independent thought, unfettered historical research, the collection and protection of archival materials and the freedom of speech in our own environment. It is for this reason that we appeal to you—fellow researchers, colleagues in the media, educators and members of the interested public—to visit our website (www.tsquare.tv) to read the materials that have prompted this lawsuit and the legal filings from the case. We ask you to draw your own conclusions about the issues and freedoms at stake. Please do not take this appeal as an attack on Jenzabar’s business or the products and services it provides to its customers. We have no interest in prompting or participating in a boycott and no interest whatsoever in causing harm to Jenzabar’s business or its employees. We seek only to preserve our rights, to stand up for the principle of free speech, and to defend ourselves and our work from this unjustified challenge. If you would like to help, please sign this appeal as a modest gesture of your support for our stand. Please know that your signature carries no legal obligations, responsibilities, or commitments of any kind, nor does it mean that you necessarily agree with opinions expressed in either the Long Bow Group's films or its websites. Rather, it indicates that any instance of a corporation using its money and its power to stifle debate and suppress the historical record is cause for concern, in the academic community and beyond. If you are interested in lending your support, please email us at info@longbow.org, and we will add your name to the list of signatories posted on our website. Please be sure to include your name, title, and affiliation (if any) in your email. Written and Signed by Carma Hinton, Professor of Visual Culture & Chinese Studies, George Mason University; Producer, Director, Long Bow Group Richard Gordon, Producer, Director, President, Long Bow Group Geremie R. Barmé, Professor of Chinese History, The Australian National University, Australian Research Council Federation Fellow, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Humanities; Producer, Director, Long Bow Group Nora Chang, Producer, Director, Long Bow Group Signatories R. David Arkush, Professor of Chinese History The University of Iowa, IA, USA Françoise Aubin Le Parc de Seronne, Jumelles, France Pat Aufderheide, Professor and Director Center for Social Media, School of Communication American University, Washington, D.C., USA Dr. Limin Bai, Senior Lecturer in Chinese School of Languages and Cultures Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand C. D. Alison Bailey, Director, Centre for Chinese Research Institute of Asian Research University of British Columbia, Canada Suzanne Wilson Barnett, Professor Emerita, History University of Puget Sound, WA, USA Dr. Ruth Barraclough, Lecturer in Korean Studies College of Asia & the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Jeffrey Berger, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy Community College of Philadelphia, PA, USA Sarah Biddulph, Associate Professor and Reader Law School The University of Melbourne, Australia Professor Marc Blecher Department of Politics Oberlin College, OH, USA Professor Harald Bockman Research Centre for Development and the Environment University of Oslo, Norway Dorothy V. Borei, Professor of History Emerita Guilford College, NC, USA Dr. Sally Borthwick, Sinologist Yomi Braester, Professor of Comparative Literature University of Washington, WA, USA Dr. Anne-Marie Brady, MRSNZ, Associate Professor in Political Science School of Political and Social Sciences University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand John Braithwaite, Regulatory Institutions Network RSPAS, ANU College of Asia and the Pacific Australian National University, Australia Professor Timothy Brook Principal, St. John's College University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Patrick Brown Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Beijing, China Daniel Bryant, Professor Emeritus Department of Pacific and Asian Studies University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada Peter Button, Assistant Professor Department of East Asian Studies New York University, NY, USA Jean-Pierre Cabestan, Professor and Head Department of Government and International Studies Faculty of Social Sciences Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong James Cahill, Professor Emeritus History of Art University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Daniel Cairns, Graduate Student University of Chicago, IL, USA William A. Callahan, Professor of International Politics and Chinese Studies University of Manchester Co-Director of the British Inter-university China Centre Oxford, UK Dr. Duncan Campbell, Senior Lecturer China Centre, Faculty of Asian Studies College of Asia & the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Thomas R. Carter Gaithersburg, MD, USA Dr. Anita Chan, Research Fellow, Contemporary China Centre Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University, Australia Dr. Red Chan University of Warwick Coventry, UK Briankle G. Chang Director, Center for the Study of Communication Department of Communication University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA Michael G. Chang, Associate Professor Department of History and Art History George Mason University, VA, USA Hilary Charlesworth, Professor, RegNet Australian National University, Australia Lejen Chen, Organic Farmer Green Cow Farm Beijing, China Dr. Tina Chen, Associate Professor of History University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Vivien Chen New York City, NY, USA Professor Pei-kai Cheng Director, Chinese Civilisation Centre City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Xiaoqing Chi, artist New Hampshire, USA Eva Shan Chou, Associate Professor English Department City University of New York, Baruch College, NY, USA A.E. Clark Ragged Banner Press Father Jeremy Clarke S.J., Visiting Fellow The Australian National University, Australia Lisa Claypool, Assistant Professor of Art History and Humanities Reed College, OR, USA Cathryn H. Clayton, Assistant Professor School of Pacific and Asian Studies University of Hawai'i, HI, USA Don J. Cohn, Senior Editor, ArtAsiaPacific New York, NY, USA Lois Conner, Photographer New York, NY, USA Dr. Susette Cook, Lecturer in China Studies Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Bryan Corrigan, Teacher, AP Economics Belmont Public Schools, Belmont, MA, USA Spencer R. Crew Clarence J. Robinson Professor of American, African American, and Public History George Mason University, VA, USA Dr. Francesca Dal Lago Leiden Institute for Area Studies Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands Dr. Gloria Davies, Associate Professor and Convenor of Chinese Studies Monash University, Australia Michael E. Davies, Principal Appletree Hill Solicitors, Australia Deborah Davis, Professor of Sociology Yale University, CT, USA Robert DeCaroli, Associate Professor George Mason University, VA, USA Steven DeCaroli, Assistant Professor of Philosophy Goucher College, MD, USA Margaret H. Decker, Computer System Specialist Belmont Public Schools, Belmont, MA, USA Dr. Kirk A. Denton, Associate Professor East Asian Languages and Literature The Ohio State University, OH, USA Françoise Derré, writer, translator Paris, France Joel Devalcourt University of New Orleans, USA Neil J. Diamant, Associate Professor of Asian Law and Society Dickinson College, PA, USA Zheng Ding, Professor of Physics Normandale Community College Bloomington, MN, USA Professor Stephanie Hemelryk Donald Professor of Chinese Media Studies University of Sydney, Australia Elvira & Vasco Dones, Producers Dones Media LLC, Rockville, MD, USA Hua Dong, Academic Specialist Coordinator, Chinese Language Program Northeastern University, MA, USA Darrell Dorrington Menzies Library The Australian National University, Australia Adam Driver, Ph.D. Candidate Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University, Australia Marie-Pierre Duhamel, film critic and translator Paris, France Emily Dunn, Ph.D. Candidate Asia Institute/History University of Melbourne, Australia Professor Michael Dutton Research Chair, Professor of Political Cultures Griffith University, Australia Richard Louis Edmonds, Visiting Professor in Geographical Studies University of Chicago, IL, USA Professor Mark Elliott Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations Harvard University, MA, USA Benjamin A. Elman, Professor of East Asian Studies & History Princeton University, NJ, USA Sarah S. Elman, Head of Technical Services C.V. Starr East Asian Library Columbia University, NY, USA Bill Engst Marlboro, NJ, USA Karen Engst Pau, France Nicoals Engst-Matthews, student Pau, France Andrew Fair Law Offices of Andrew L. Fair New York, NY, USA Professor Judith Farquhar, Max Palevsky Professor of Anthropology and of Social Sciences Chicago University, IL, USA Professor Mary Farquhar Executive member and former President Chinese Studies Association of Australia Siyen Fei, Assistant Professor Department of History University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA Jesseca Ferguson, Continuing Part Time Faculty School of the Museum of Fine Arts Boston, MA, USA Dr. Susan Fernsebner, Assistant Professor of History and American Studies University of Mary Washington Fredericksburg, VA, USA Nick Fraser, Commissioning Editor, BBC Andy Friend Ellen V. Fuller, Assistant Professor East Asian Languages, Literatures and Cultures Studies in Women and Gender University of Virginia, VA, USA Peter L. Galison, Joseph Pellegrino University Professor Department of Physics Harvard University, MA, USA Carrillo Gantner Ziyin Gantner Professor Mobo Gao Chair of Chinese Studies Director, Confucius Institute Centre for Asian Studies The University of Adelaide, Australia Andrea Geyling, Modern World History Instructor Milton Academy, MA, USA Christina Gilmartin, Associate Professor of History Northeastern University, MA, USA Research Associate of the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies Harvard University, MA, USA Peter Gilmartin, Program Director Primary Source, MA, USA Professor Dr. Sean Golden Director, Institut d'Estudis Internacionals i Interculturals (Institute for International & Intercultural Studies) Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain Jeremy Goldkorn, Editor Danwei.org (www.danwei.org), Beijing, China Andrea S. Goldman, Assistant Professor of Qing and Modern China Department of History University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Joshua Goldstein, Associate Professor History Department University of Southern California, CA, USA Jack Golson AO, Emeritus Professor Department of Archaeology and Natural History Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University, Australia Bryna Goodman, Professor of Chinese History University of Oregon, OR, USA Professor David S G Goodman, Professor of Chinese Politics and Director Institute of Social Sciences University of Sydney, Australia Dr. Christopher Gregg, Term Assistant Professor Department of History and Art History George Mason University, VA, USA Gerald V. Griffith, Producer Cartesian Coordinates Fairfax, VA, USA Misha M. Griffith, Graduate Researcher George Mason University, VA, USA Alison Groppe, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chinese Department of East Asian Languages & Literatures University of Oregon, OR, USA A. Tom Grunfeld, SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor Empire State College/ SUNY, NY, USA Kenneth J. Hammond, Professor of History New Mexico State University, NM, USA Mette Halskov Hansen, Professor in Chinese Studies Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages University of Oslo, Norway Dr. Mark Harrison, Senior Lecturer in Chinese School of Asian Languages and Studies University of Tasmania, Australia David Hawkes, translator and writer Oxford, England Nancy Hearst, Fairbank Center Harvard University, MA, USA Professor Gail Hershatter Distinguished Professor, Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Christian A. Hess, RCUK Academic Fellow/Assistant Professor Department of History University of Warwick, Coventry, UK Joan Hinton Beijing, China Dahpon David Ho, Assistant Professor in History American University Washington, D.C., USA Isaac Ho, student University of Southern California, CA, USA Mack P. Holt, Professor of History Director of Graduate Studies George Mason University, VA, USA Brian Holton, Assistant Professor Department of Chinese & Bilingual Studies The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Laura Hostetler, Associate Professor & Director of Graduate Studies Department of History University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA Hu Minghui, Assistant Professor Department of History University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Dr. Nicole Huang Director, Center for East Asian Studies Associate Professor of Chinese Literature East Asian Languages and Literature University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA Vivian Huang, General Manager/Curator Chinese American Arts Council/Gallery 456, NY, USA Former Festival Director Asian American International Film Festival, NY, USA Theodore Huters, Professor of Chinese University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Eric Hyer, Associate Professor and Asian Studies Coordinator Brigham Young University Provo, UT, USA John Israel, Professor Emeritus University of Virginia, VA, USA Dr. Tamara Jacka, Senior Fellow (Associate Professor) Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Linda Jaivin, novelist and independent scholar and translator Sydney, Australia Dr. Nancy Jervis, Independent Scholar New York City, NY, USA Nan Jiang, Associate Professor University of Maryland, MD, UDA David Johnson, Professor of History University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Heidi Johnson Columbia, SC, USA Professor Margaret Jolly Head Gender Relations Centre College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Professor William A. Joseph Department of Political Science Wellesley College, MA, USA Professor Ellen R. Judd Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Professor Department of Anthropology University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada Harold L. Kahn, Professor emeritus Stanford University, CA, USA Kang Wenqing History Department Cleveland State University, OH, USA Jian Kao, Engineer of Telcordia Technology Marlboro, NJ, USA Yasuhiko Karasawa, Associate Professor (History) Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan Professor Fumitoshi Karima Graduate School of Arts & Sciences The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Rebecca E. Karl, Associate Professor East Asian Studies & History Departments New York University, NY, USA Nancy D. Kates, Producer-Director Berkeley, CA, USA Dr. Michael Keane, Associate Professor Queensland University of Technology, Australia Dr. David Kelly China Research Centre University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Mills Kelly, Associate Dean for Enrollment Development College of Humanities and Social Sciences Director, Master of Arts in Global Affairs George Mason University, VA, USA William W. Kelly, Sumitomo Professor of Japanese Studies Yale University, CT, USA Alec (Do Woo) Kim, Engine Auditor, Airworthiness Compliance Qantas, Sydney, Australia Dr. Marjorie King The American School in Taiwan and Independent Scholar Taiwan Richard King, Director Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada Dr. Andrew Kipnis The Australian National University, Australia Victor Koski student School of Humanities and Social Sciences History Department George Mason University, VA, USA Natasha Koval-Paden, pianist Department of Music Middlebury College, VT, USA Professor Richard Kraus Political Science University of Oregon, OR, USA Dr. Joachim Kurtz, Associate Professor of Chinese Dept. of Russian and East Asian Languages and Cultures Emory University, GA, USA Research Group Director Max Planck Institute for the History of Science Berlin, Germany Helen Lansdowne Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada Fabio Lanza, Assistant Professor Department of History University of Arizona, AZ, USA Kevin Lawrence, Associate Director, Teach China China Institute, NY, USA Michael R. Leaman, Publisher Reaktion Books, London, UK Eugenia Lean, Assistant Professor in Chinese History Columbia University, NY, USA Amy Lee, graduate student University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Andrew Y. Lee, Ph.D. University Libraries George Mason University, VA, USA Chin-Chuan Lee, Professor Emeritus of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA Jane C Lee Hong Kong Dr. Mabel Lee, Honorary Associate Professor in Chinese Studies Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities University of Sydney, Australia Andre Lévy, professeur émérite à l'université de Bordeaux University of Bordeaux, France Li Jie, Ph.D. Candidate East Asian Languages and Civilizations and Film Studies Harvard University, MA, USA Jin Li, Ed.D., Associate Professor of Education and Human Development Brown University, RI, USA Lillian M. Li, Professor of History Swarthmore College, PA, USA Lin Chun London School of Economics, UK Pearl Lin Hualian Travel International Corporation, CT, USA Vivian Lin, Professor of Public Health School of Public Health La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia Liu Baisha, Lecturer in Chinese University of Oslo, Norway Liu Xiaohong, writer and independent scholar, USA Ph.D., Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies Xiaoxi Liu, Ph.D Program Manager, GE Liu Xiaoyuan, Professor of History Iowa State University, IA, USA Peter Lorentzen, Assistant Professor of Political Science University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Michael Lou History Department Milton Academy, MA, USA Dr. Lu Hongwei, Associate Professor Asian Studies University of Redlands, CA, USA Alexander Lugg, Ph.D. Candidate Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia Baolin Ma Houston, TX, USA Jean Ma, Assistant Professor Art and Art History Stanford University, CA, USA Professor Colin Mackerras Emeritus Professor, AO, Griffith Business School Griffith University, Queensland, Australia Rebecca MacKinnon, Assistant Professor Journalism & Media Studies Centre University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Professor John Makeham College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Professor Susan Mann History Department University of California, Davis, CA, USA Maria Rita Masci, translator of contemporary Chinese literature Rome, Italy Dr. James Matthews, Geologist Total, Exploration and Production Pau, France Carol C. Mattusch, Mathy Professor of Art History George Mason University, VA, USA Rachel May, editor and translator Canberra, Australia Dr. Lewis Mayo, Lecturer in Chinese Studies Asia Institute University of Melbourne, Australia Edward McCord, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs Director, Taiwan Education and Research Program Elliott School of International Affairs George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA Dr. Edward McDonald School of Asian Studies University of Auckland, New Zealand Anne McLaren, Associate Professor Asia Institute, Chinese Language and Culture Studies University of Melbourne, Australia Joseph T. Miller, Ph.D., Adjunct Assistant Professor Political Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Professor John Minford Head, China Centre, College of Asia & the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Professor Brian Moloughney Head of the School of Languages and Cultures Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand Michelle S. Mood, Visiting Assistant Professor Political Science and International Studies Kenyon College, OH, USA Professor Andrew Morris Professor and Department Chair, History Department California Polytechnic State University, CA, USA Dr. Katherine Morton Department of International Relations Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University, Australia Dr. Russell Leigh Moses Dean, The Beijing Center for Chinese Studies Beijing, China Marc L. Moskowitz Visual Anthropology Review Editor, American Anthropologist Acting Director of Asian Studies, Department of Anthropology University of South Carolina, SC, USA Robb Moss, Filmmaker Rudolf Arnheim Lecturer on Filmmaking Harvard University, MA, USA Mu Aili, Assistant Professor Iowa State University, IA, USA Marco Mueller, Director Venice International Film Festival, Venice, Italy Alfreda Murck, independent scholar Beijing, China Dr. Mary Ann Murphy Associate Professor, Communication Studies Director of the Center for Community Outreach at Dyson College and Project Pericles at Pace Pace University, NY, USA Julia K. Murray, Professor of Art History University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA Gaby Naher Chair, Sydney PEN Writers in Prison Committee Sydney, Australia Rebecca Nedostup, Associate Professor of Chinese History Boston College, MA, USA Jennifer M. Neighbors, Assistant Professor History Department and Asian Studies Program University of Puget Sound, WA, USA Simon T M Ng The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Joe Nieh, Writer, columnist Hong Kong Danny Nikolovski, Technical Records Airworthiness Compliance & Maintenance Contracts Qantas Engineering Services, Sydney, Australia Professor Michael Nylan Chinese History University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Tim Oakes, Associate Professor and Chair Department of Geography University of Colorado, CO, USA Judith Pabian, Head, Research Grants Office College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Scott Pacey, Ph.D. Candidate The Australian National University, Australia Professor John N. Paden, Clarence J. Robinson Professor of International Studies Co-Director, Center for Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation George Mason University, VA, USA Professor William Paden Department of Religion University of Vermont, VT, USA Paola Paderni, Press Attaché Italian Embassy, Beijing, China Eric Pelzl, Instructor of Mandarin Chinese Wisconsin Lutheran College, WI, USA Richard Peña, Program Director The Film Society of Lincoln Center New York, NY, USA Xiaojia Peng, artist New Hampshire, USA Dr. Benjamin Penny Chair, ANU China Institute, Fellow, History of China Division of Pacific and Asian History Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, Australia Stephen Philion, Assistant Professor Department of Sociology and Anthropology St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA Andrew Pike, Managing Director Ronin Films, Australia Dr. Brian Platt, Associate Professor and Chair Department of History and Art History George Mason University, VA, USA Judy Polumbaum, Professor School of Journalism & Mass Communication The University of Iowa, IA, USA Professor Kenneth Pomeranz, Chancellor's Professor of History University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Qiao Huizhen, Director (Retired) Beijing Review, Spanish edition Bradly W. Reed, Associate Professor Department of History University of Virginia, VA, USA B. Ruby Rich, Professor & Chair Community Studies Department & Social Documentation Program University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Jeffrey L. Richey, Ph.D. Director, Asian Studies Program Berea College, KY, USA Dr. Richard Rigby, Executive Director ANU China Institute, Australia Sidney Rittenberg, Sr., Visiting Professor of China Studies Pacific Lutheran University, WA, USA William Riukas New York, NY, USA Martin Rivlin New York, NY, USA Dr. Claire Roberts Research Fellow, Division of Pacific and Asian Studies RSPAS, The Australian National University, Australia Moss Roberts, Professor of Chinese New York University, NY, USA Professor Lisa Rofel Chair, Department of Anthropology University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA Carlos Rojas, Assistant Professor of Chinese Cultural Studies Duke University, NC, USA Lester Ross WilmerHale, Beijing Office Beijing, China Madelyn Ross, Director, China Initiatives George Mason University, VA, USA Haun Saussy, Bird White Housum Professor of Comparative Literature Yale University, CT, USA Scott Savitt, Research Fellow, Chinese Media Studies Program Duke University, NC, USA Sigrid Schmalzer, Assistant Professor University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA Dr. R. Keith Schoppa, Professor/Doehler Chair in Asian History Loyola College in Maryland, MD, USA Susan Schulze, Ph.D. History and Art History Department George Mason University, VA, USA Professor Mary Scott Humanities San Francisco State University, CA, USA Professor Mark Selden Cornell University, NY, USA Hugh Shapiro, Associate Professor of Chinese History University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA Dajun Shen (Sang Ye), Research Fellow College of Asia & the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Victor Shih, Assistant Professor of Political Science Northwestern University, IL, USA Mark Sidel, Professor of Law, Faculty Scholar, and Lauridsen Family Fellow University of Iowa, IA, USA Sim Chi Yin, China Correspondent, Beijing Bureau The Straits Times, Singapore S.A. Smith European University Institute Florence, Italy Matthew H. Sommer, Associate Professor of Chinese History Stanford University, CA, USA Song Shaopeng, Associate Professor Renmin University of China Howard R. Spendelow, Associate Professor of History Georgetown University, Washington D.C., USA Course Chair for China Advanced Area Studies, Foreign Service Institute George P. Shultz National Foreign Affairs Training Center Arlington, VA, USA Naomi Standen, Senior Lecturer in Chinese History School of Historical Studies Newcastle University, UK Anne Marie Stein, Dean of Professional and Continuing Education Massachusetts College of Art and Design, MA, USA Hans Steinmüller, Ph.D. candidate Department of Anthropology London School of Economics, UK David Stoll, Associate Professor of Anthropology Middlebury College, VT, USA Professor David Strand, Charles A. Dana Chair of Political Science and East Asian Studies Dickinson College, PA, USA Andrew Strominger, Professor of Physics Harvard University, MA, USA Dr. Warren Sun Chinese Studies Program Monash University, Australia Dr. Li Tana, Senior Fellow Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University, Australia Harold M. Tanner Department of History University of North Texas, TX, USA Dr. Jeremy Taylor, Lecturer, School of East Asian Studies University of Sheffield, England Professor Frederick Teiwes, Emeritus Professor of Chinese Politics at the University of Sydney University of Sydney, Australia Dr. Greg M. Thomas, Associate Professor The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Saul Thomas, Ph.D. Candidate Department of Anthropology University of Chicago, IL, USA Neil Thompson New York, NY, USA Ellen Wiley Todd, Associate Professor, Art History George Mason University, VA, USA Maureen Todhunter Griffith University, Australia Dr. Luigi Tomba, co-editor, The China Journal Department of Political and Social Change College of Asia & the Pacific The Australian National University, Australia Dr. Jasmine Tong, Assistant Professor of Translation Lingnan University, Hong Kong Nhung Tuyet Tran Canada Research Chair in Southeast Asian History Assistant Professor, Department of History University of Toronto, Canada Professor James Trefil, Clarence J. Robinson Professor of Physics George Mason University, VA, USA JB Treseler, teacher Dr. Sue Trevaskes, Research Fellow, Griffith Asia Institute Griffith University, Australia Steve Tsang, Fellow and University Reader in Politics St Antony's College Oxford University, UK Professor Jonathan Unger Contemporary China Centre Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University, Australia Dr. Paola Voci, Senior Lecturer Department of Languages and Cultures University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Ezra F. Vogel, Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences, Emeritus and former director, Fairbank Center Harvard University, MA, USA Joanna Waley-Cohen, Collegiate Professor of Chinese History Department of History New York University, NY, USA Dr. Aihe Wang, Associate Professor The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Professor Ban Wang East Asian Studies and Comparative Literature Stanford University, CA, USA Hongying Wang, Director, East Asia Program The Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs Syracuse University, NY, USA Wang Lixiong, writer Beijing, China Mei Wang, Assistant Professor of Finance and Financial Markets Swiss Banking Institute University of Zurich, Switzerland Ruike Wang, student Ohio Wesleyan University, OH, USA Wang Zheng, Ph.D., Associate Professor Women's Studies Department University of Michigan, MI, USA Ding Xiang Warner, Associate Professor of Chinese Literature Cornell University, NY, USA Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, Professor of History University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Wei Wei, writer Manchester, UK Sasha Su-Ling Welland, Assistant Professor Anthropology & Women Studies University of Washington, WA, USA Raymond Wiest, Professor Emeritus Department of Anthropology University of Manitoba, Canada Teresa Wright, Professor and Graduate Coordinator Department of Political Science California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA Professor Tim Wright, Professor of Chinese Studies School of East Asian Studies and White Rose East Asia Centre The University of Sheffield, UK Dr. Guoguang Wu, Chair in China and Asia-Pacific Relations Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives University of Victoria, Victoria BC, Canada Wu Yi-Li, Associate Professor of History Chair, International Studies Program Albion College, MI, USA Anne Xu, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Chinese Department of Classical and Modern Language Austin College, TX, USA Guobin Yang, Associate Professor Asian/Middle Eastern Cultures Barnard College, Columbia University, NY, USA Professor Mayfair Yang Director, Asian Studies Program University of Sydney, Australia Rae Yang, Associate Professor East Asian Studies Department Dickinson College, PA, USA Walt G. Yang, student Dr. Mike Yao, Assistant Professor of Media and Communication City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Weili Ye, Professor of History and Women's Studies University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA Catherine Yeh, Associate Professor Department of Modern Languages and Comparative Literature Boston University, MA, USA Sam Zhiguang Yin, Ph.D. Candidate Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies President, Cambridge International Forum for Development University of Cambridge, UK Marilyn Young, Professor of History New York University, NY, USA Zang Dongsheng, Assistant Professor of Law University of Washington School of Law, WA, USA Dr. Peter Zarrow Institute of Modern History Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan Elya J. Zhang, Assistant Professor in History Fordham University, NY, USA Dr. Jing Zhang, Assistant Professor of Chinese Language and Culture New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL, USA Karl Zhang, Ph.D., Associate Professor and Director of Chinese Program Department of Modern and Classical Language Academic Director, Confucius Institute George Mason University, VA, USA Zhong Xueping, Assistant Professor Tufts University, MA, USA