所以不是一两节经文就可以下定论的，必须从总的圣经原则来看。
所以是一整个学派的看法。

改革宗信仰传统认为，圣餐是由主设立的，是教会的职分之一。（不是随便什么人随便都可以主持这个圣礼的）。圣餐既然是由教会授权给牧师、长老主持的（权柄来自主），他们就有“guard the table”的责任。

因此，随意吃喝主的身体与血，不只是信徒自己要对神负责，主持者也有在神面前的责任。

相关的问题：
教会是不是个“组织”（organization）？
需要采会员制（membership）吗？
教会的标记（mark）是什么？
教会的权柄如何实践？

请看威敏思特信仰告白第29章

第二十九章 论圣餐

一．我们的主耶稣被卖的那一夜，设立了祂体与血的圣礼，称为圣餐，以备祂的教会遵守，直到世界的末了；这圣餐是为永远记念祂自己的牺牲之死，保证将其中的恩惠赐给真信徒，叫他们在祂里面有属灵的滋养和生长，并使他们继续向祂尽当尽的本分；这圣餐又是作为基督奥秘身体之肢体的信徒，与祂交通，也彼此交通的联络和保证（林前11:23-26；10:16-17，21；12:13）。

二．这圣礼不是将基督献给父，也不是为活人或死人赦罪所献的任何真正的祭物（来9:22，25，26，28），而只是对基督在十字架上一次献上祂自己的记念，和为此用赞美向上帝献上属灵的祭物（林前11:24－26；太26:26，27）；所以天主教所谓的弥撒献祭，是极其可憎地有损于基督那只一次的献祭，即祂为选民一切的罪所献独一的赎罪祭（来7:23，24，27；10:11，12，14，18）。

三．在此圣礼中，主耶稣指派牧师向人宣讲祂设立圣餐的话，作祷告，并祝谢饼酒，如此便将饼酒从普通的用途分别为圣用；并拿起饼来擘开，拿起杯来，分给领受圣餐者，自己也一同领受（太26:26－28；可14:22－24；路22:19－20；林前11:23－26）；但不可分给未出席聚会的人（徒20:7；林前11:20）。

四．私人举行弥撒，即单独从神甫或其他任何人领此圣礼（林前10:16）；或拒绝分杯给信徒（可14:23；林前11:25－29）；或崇拜饼酒，或将之举起，捧持游行以资朝拜，或藉口宗教用途而予以储藏，都违反此圣礼的本质，与基督设立此圣礼的原意相背（太15:9）。

五．这圣礼的外表物质（饼酒），既然照着基督的命令分别为圣了，便与钉十字架的基督有了一种密切的关系，甚至有时可以用它们所代表的体与血之名称呼之；话虽如此，但这说法只有圣礼的意思（太26:26，28）；它们在实质和性质上同以前一样，仍旧只是饼酒（林前11:26－28；太26:29）。

六．那主张经过神甫祝谢，或其他方法，便使饼酒的实质变为基督体与血之实质的教理（通称为化体说），不仅不合乎圣经，而且违反常识和理性；它推翻了圣礼的本质，造成各种迷信，甚至造成了可憎的偶像崇拜（徒3:21；林前11:24－26；路24:6，39）。

七．在此圣礼中，那配领受者在外部领受此礼的有形之物时（林前11:28），也在内心不是属物质或属肉体地，而是藉着信心属灵地、实在地领受并吃喝那被钉十字架的基督及其受死的一切惠益；因此基督的体血不是物质地或肉体地在饼酒之中，或与饼酒同在，或在饼酒之下，而是在此礼中属灵地实在地临于信徒的信心中，正如饼酒临于他们自己的外部感官一样（林前10:16）。

八．虽然那无知和邪恶的人领受此圣礼的外表物质，但是他们不能领受该物质所象征的；他们不配地来，乃是干犯主的身和血，定自己的罪。因此，一切无知和不敬虔的人，因不适于与主相交，而不配来到主的桌前；他们若在此情形下依然故我地来领受这些圣洁的奥秘（林前11:27－29；林后6:14－16），或得准许参加（林前5:6-7，13；帖后3:6，14-15；太7:6），未有不大大得罪基督的。

Summary of Chapter 29

1. The Lord’s Supper is a New Testament sacrament of the covenant of grace instituted by Christ, which is to be observed until the end of the world.

2. The Lord’s Supper is given as:

a. a perpetual remembrance of Christ;
b. a sealing of believers in Christ;
c. a means of spiritual nourishment and growth in Christ;
d. an engagement to Christ and his service;
e. a bond of union between Christ and his church, and between fellow believers.

3. The Lord’s Supper is not a doctrine of:

a. Transubstantiation or consubstantiation;
b. The sacrifice of the mass;
c. An elevation of the elements in worship;
d. Private mass or private communion;
e. Denying the cup to the laity.

4. The Lord’s Supper is to be administered by Christ’s appointed ministers, and all communicant members of the church are to participate in both the bread (representing Christ’s body) and the wine (representing Christ’s blood).

5. At the Lord’s Supper believers do, by faith, feed upon Christ spiritually for their growth in grace.

6. Non-believers should not be allowed to participate in the Lord’s Supper. However, those who do partake of the Supper, do not receive Christ in any fashion, but they eat and drink ????ation to themselves.

Chapter XXIX
Of the Lord's Supper

I. Our Lord Jesus, in the night wherein He was betrayed, instituted the sacrament of His body and blood, called the Lord's Supper, to be observed in His Church, unto the end of the world, for the perpetual remembrance of the sacrifice of Himself in His death; the sealing all benefits thereof unto true believers, their spiritual nourishment and growth in Him, their further engagement in and to all duties which they owe unto Him; and, to be a bond and pledge of their communion with Him, and with each other, as members of His mystical body.[1]

II. In this sacrament, Christ is not offered up to His Father; nor any real sacrifice made at all, for remission of sins of the quick or dead;[2] but only a commemoration of that one offering up of Himself, by Himself, upon the cross, once for all: and a spiritual oblation of all possible praise unto God, for the same:[3] so that the popish sacrifice of the mass (as they call it) is most abominably injurious to Christ's one, only sacrifice, the alone propitiation for all the sins of His elect.[4]

III. The Lord Jesus has, in this ordinance, appointed His ministers to declare His word of institution to the people, to pray, and bless the elements of bread and wine, and thereby to set them apart from a common to an holy use; and to take and break the bread, to take the cup, and (they communicating also themselves) to give both to the communicants;[5] but to none who are not then present in the congregation.[6]

IV. Private masses, or receiving this sacrament by a priest, or any other alone;[7] as likewise, the denial of the cup to the people,[8] worshipping the elements, the lifting them up, or carrying them about, for adoration, and the reserving them for any pretended religious use; are all contrary to the nature of this sacrament, and to the institution of Christ.[9]

V. The outward elements in this sacrament, duly set apart to the uses ordained by Christ, have such relation to Him crucified, as that, truly, yet sacramentally only, they are sometimes called by the name of the things they represent, to wit, the body and blood of Christ;[10] albeit, in substance and nature, they still remain truly and only bread and wine, as they were before.[11]

VI. That doctrine which maintains a change of the substance of bread and wine, into the substance of Christ's body and blood (commonly called transubstantiation) by consecration of a priest, or by any other way, is repugnant, not to ????ure alone, but even to common sense, and reason; overthrows the nature of the sacrament, and has been, and is, the cause of manifold superstitions; yes, of gross idolatries.[12]

VII. Worthy receivers, outwardly partaking of the visible elements, in this sacrament,[13] do then also, inwardly by faith, really and indeed, yet not carnally and corporally but spiritually, receive and feed upon, Christ crucified, and all benefits of His death: the body and blood of Christ being then, not corporally or carnally, in, with, or under the bread and wine; yet, as really, but spiritually, present to the faith of believers in that ordinance, as the elements themselves are to their outward senses.[14]

VIII. Although ignorant and wicked men receive the outward elements in this sacrament; yet, they receive not the thing signified thereby; but, by their unworthy coming thereunto, are guilty of the body and blood of the Lord, to their own ????ation. Wherefore, all ignorant and ungodly persons, as they are unfit to enjoy communion with Him, so are they unworthy of the Lord's table; and cannot, without great sin against Christ, while they remain such, partake of these holy mysteries,[15] or be admitted thereunto.[16]

[1] 1CO 11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: 24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. 25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. 26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. 1CO 10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? 17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread. 21 Ye cannot drink the cup of the Lord, and the cup of devils: ye cannot be partakers of the Lord's table, and of the table of devils. 1CO 12:13 For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles, whether we be bond or free; and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.

[2] HEB 9:22 And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission. 25 Nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place every year with blood of others; 26 For then must he often have suffered since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. 28 So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.

[3] 1CO 11:24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. 25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. 26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. MAT 26:26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. 27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it.

[4] HEB 7:23 And they truly were many priests, because they were not suffered to continue by reason of death: 24 But this man, because he continueth ever, hath an unchangeable priesthood. 27 Who needeth not daily, as those high priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself. 10:11 And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: 12 But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right hand of God. 14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified. 18 Now where remission of these is, there is no more offering for sin.

[5] MAT 26:26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. 27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; 28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. MAR 14:22 And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body. 23 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they all drank of it. 24 And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many. LUK 22:19 And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. 20 Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you. 1CO 11:23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: 24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. 25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. 26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come.

[6] ACT 20:7 And upon the first day of the week, when the disciples came together to break bread, Paul preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow; and continued his speech until midnight. 1CO 11:20 When ye come together therefore into one place, this is not to eat the Lord's supper.

[7] 1CO 10:6 Now these things were our examples, to the intent we should not lust after evil things, as they also lusted.

[8] MAR 14:23 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they all drank of it. 1CO 11:25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. 26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. 27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. 29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh ????ation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.

[9] MAT 15:9 But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.

[10] MAT 26:26 And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. 27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; 28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins.

[11] 1CO 11:26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. 27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. MAT 26:29 But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom.

[12] ACT 3:21 Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began. 1CO 11:24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. 25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. 26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. LUK 24:6 He is not here, but is risen: remember how he spake unto you when he was yet in Galilee. 39 Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have.

[13] 1CO 11:28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.

[14] 1CO 10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ?

[15] 1CO 11:27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup. 29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh ????ation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. 2CO 6:14 Be ye not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship hath righteousness with unrighteousness? and what communion hath light with darkness? 15 And what concord hath Christ with Belial? or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? 16 And what agreement hath the temple of God with idols? for ye are the temple of the living God; as God hath said, I will dwell in them, and walk in them; and I will be their God, and they shall be my people.

[16] 1CO 5:6 Your glorying is not good. Know ye not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump? 7 Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us. 13 But them that are without God judgeth. Therefore put away from among yourselves that wicked person. 2TH 3:6 Now we command you, brethren, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye withdraw yourselves from every brother that walketh disorderly, and not after the tradition which he received of us. 14 And if any man obey not our word by this epistle, note that man, and have no company with him, that he may be ashamed. 15 Yet count him not as an enemy, but admonish him as a brother. MAT 7:6 Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine, lest they trample them under their feet, and turn again and rend you.