The fact of the mysterious pneumonia has been widely spread in HK drives me to do a literature review on the suspected cause (i.e. coronavirus) of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome). As a biomedical researcher, let me show you my concern and make the following suggestions.
神秘的非典型性肺炎正在香港廣泛傳播，於是我對引起SARS(嚴重呼吸綜合徵）的病因（例如冠狀病毒）作了一下研究。現在讓我從生物醫學研究者的角度給您一些建議。
The basic mechanism of viral attack is that the viruses replicate themself using the host's (in this case is "our") DNA genetic replication system. By doing this, our body couldn't function well due to the massive viral replication. Supposingly, the immune cells in our body will fight off the infected viruses quickly. However, the viruses are so smart that they could be able to produce some chemical substances to cause our immune cells to die. Besides, this coronavirus is a new kind of virus which belongs to a mutated strain and our body cannot recognize it. No antibiotics have been proved to be 100 effective in treating viral infection so far. The only effective way to get rid of it is by ourselves. It likes a prolonged battle between the viruses and our immune response. In fact, viruses couldn't kill all the immune cells in a health individual. The stronger the immune function you have, the less the viral injury you get. Therefore, the degree of sickness after infection and the rate of recovery mainly depends on how strong your immune function is.
濾過性病毒能夠引起疾病的原因是，病毒能夠通過使用病人身體中的DNA基因複製系統來複製自己。如果病毒大量複製自己，則我們的身體就不能正常工作了。於是，我們身體當中的免疫細胞就會很快的殺掉這些感染病毒。然而，這些病毒非常聰明，他們能夠產生某種化學物質而導致我們的免疫細胞死亡。除此以外，冠狀病毒是一種新型的變異病毒，它不能被我們的身體識別。這樣，在我們的免疫系統和病毒之間就會展開一場長時間的鬥爭。實際上，病毒並不能殺死一個健康人身體中的所有免疫細胞。人身體的免疫功能越強，此人受病毒侵害的幾率就越小。所以，在感染病毒後的病情嚴重情況和康復的幾率基本上看此人的免疫功能有多強。
You cannot avoid the infection unless you avoid from those infected individuals/area. But, you can try your best to boost up your immune function by several regimes. Make sure you are "extremely healthy" at least during this critical period. Stronger immune function could keep the viral damage minimal even you were so unluckily being infected. Also, stronger immune function delays the onset of any detrimental effects from the viral infection. Scientists are now working on tracking the treatment and so make sure you are still surviving until an effective treatment occurs. The following suggestions aim to strengthen your immune function within a short period of time.
你無法避免被感染，除非你不去接觸被感染者和被感染地區。但是，你可以盡你所能調動你的免疫系統，確保你處於“非常健康”的狀態，至少在這段非常時期。如果你的免疫系統夠強，就算你非常不幸的被感染上病毒，也會將病毒的侵害降到最低限度。科學家們現在正在研究如何治療此種肺炎，所以一定要保證你能夠活到有效治療方法研究出來之前。下面是一些在短時期內能夠增強你的免疫功能的方法：
1) Antioxidant nutraceuticals: Antioxidants are chemicals found in foods which exert a great value in strengthening our immune system. Boost up your immune function by taking a cocktail of antioxidant supplements.
抗氧化劑：抗氧化劑是一種存在於食品中的能夠很好增強我們免疫系統的化學物質。你可以靠服用一些抗氧化劑保健品來增強你的免疫功能：
- Vitamin E 1000 IU per day. Alpha-tocopherol is the biological active form of vitamin E. There are two forms of it: d-tocopherol and dl-tocopherol. d- is the natural form and dl- is the synthetic form. Try to get the d- form because it is absorbed faster in our body.
- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 1000 milligram (mg) daily. Instead of taking supplement, you can take 2 pieces of citrus fruits (e.g. orange) a day to get the vitamin C
- Beta-carotene, not more than 10000 IU daily
- Selenium, 200 microgram daily
- Zinc, not more than 500 milligram (mg) daily
- Lipoic acid, 50 mg daily
- Glutathione, 50 mg daily
No any adverse effects have been reported from the above suggested supplementation dose.
--每天服用維他命E1000 IU (醫學國際單位，internatoinal units)。Alph-維生素E是一種生物活性維他命E。它有兩種形式：d-維生素E和dl-維生素E.d-維生素E是自然形式，dl-維生素E是合成形式。最好服用d-維他命E，因為它可以更快的被我們的身體所吸收。
--每天1000毫克維他命C(抗壞血酸維生素C)。你也可以靠每天食用兩個柑桔類水果（例如桔子）來獲取維他命C。
--Beta胡羅卜素，每天服用不超過10000IU
--硒，每天200微克
--鋅，每天不超過500毫克
--硫辛酸，每天50毫克
--穀胱甘肽，每天50毫克
沒有任何人反映服用以上物質有副作用。
2)
- Let green tea to be your daily beverage because it contains tremendous amount of antioxidant flavonoid, catechins.
- Eat more tomatoes, broccoli or fruits and vegetables in red and dark green color. They carry a huge amount of antioxidant carotenoids, lycopene and carotene.
--每天喝綠茶，因為綠茶中含有大量抗氧化劑類黃酮和茶酸。
--多吃西紅柿，椰菜，和其它紅色和深色的水果。
3) No intense physical activities during this critical period! It has been shown that intense exercise will suppress your immune function (related to the upper respiratory infection) even several days following your workout.
Instead of intense exercise, light-to-moderate workout helps if you have been training regularly.
在這段非常時期不要做劇烈運動！因為劇烈運動會壓抑你的免疫系統功能（與你的上呼吸感染有關的免疫系統功能），並且此壓抑情況會持續好幾天。如果你以養成定期鍛煉的習慣，那麼在這段時間你可以做一些輕度或中度運動。
4) Make sure you get enough carbohydrate foods (e.g. rice, food concentrated in starch... etc) because carbohydrate is the primary food for immune cells . Do some Gatorade or Pocari if needed since they are both good sources of carbohydrate.
確保你食用足夠的碳水化合物食物（例如，大米及其它富含澱粉的食物），因為碳水化合物是免疫細胞最重要的食物。喝一些Gatorade（一種飲料）或Pocari（一種飲料），因為他們都是富含碳水化合物的飲料。
5) Make sure you get enough sleep and don't make yourself so stressful! Anxiety, depression, and tried will influence your body's stress hormones (e.g. catecholamine and glucocorticoids) and so suppress your immune status.
每天保證充足睡眠，不要使自己處於緊張和壓力之下。焦慮、緊張都會影響身體的壓力 荷爾蒙（例如，兒茶酚安和糖皮質激素）從而壓抑身體免疫功能。
6) Mouth-mask helps despite it is not 100 effective. But it can still decrease the chance from infection.
口罩雖然不能100預防感染，但是能夠起到一定的作用，仍然可以減少被感染幾率。
All the above information are supported by peer-reviewed biomedical literatures, that means they are credible and reliable! God bless and I really hope that none of you will get infected and I will pray for all of you in every moment!
以上所有信息均有生物醫學理論支持，這些建議都是不可思議和十分可靠的。上帝保佑。我真心希望你們中沒有一個人會被感染。我會時刻為你們大家祈禱平安！
Good luck and take extremely care.
祝你們好運，千萬保重。
Parco M. Siu, MPhil, PhD Candidate
West Virginia University School of Medicine
西弗吉尼亞大學醫學院
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更多資料
FWD by Paul Su
There has recently been a lot of media information with regard to the outbreak of pneumonia, which has affected some patients in Singapore. This advisory aims to create an awareness of this illness and to provide answers to commonly asked questions
What is Atypical Pneumonia?
Pneumonia essentially means a lung infection caused by germs. Pneumonia usually presents with symptoms that enable the condition to be easily diagnosed by doctors. The organism causing the pneumonia is also usually identifiable and treatable with medications like antibiotics. Atypical pneumonias are caused by organisms that are not so easily identifiable, and the consequences of the infection can often be more severe. In the case of SARS, the organism causing the pneumonia has yet to be identified
What has this got to do with the flu occurring in Hanoi, Guangdong and Hong Kong?
To date, a total of 20 cases have been reported in Singapore. The common finding in all these patients is that they have all been in one of these 3 areas recently and may have picked up the infection there. There have been some fatalities associated with this condition. To date, there have been no deaths reported in Singapore. Worldwide, SARS has been reported in Thailand (1 case), Canada (7 cases), Frankfurt (1 case), Indonesia (1 unconfirmed case), Philippines (1 unconfirmed case)
How serious is this condition?
This condition can spread easily through droplet infection and can cause a person to be very sick very quickly. Ministry of Health Singapore has advised us to be more vigilant and to look out for patients suspected to have this condition to be referred for further investigation and assessment
How do I know if I have SARS?
如何判斷我是否得了SARS？
The condition tends to present initially with the symptoms of the common flu, namely:
- Fever and chills, 發燒
- Shortness of breath, 呼吸短促
- Cough, sore throat and blocked, or runny nose. 咳嗽、嗓子疼，或是流鼻涕
- Muscle and joint aches, 肌肉和關節酸疼
- Weakness and fatigue 虛弱無力
However, you should be especially wary if you also have the following conditions:
如果你有如下症狀，也要特別注意：
1. If you have a high fever (>38 Degrees Celsius) that comes very suddenly. 突然高燒大於38攝氏度
2. If you have travelled to Hong Kong, Hanoi or the Guangdong province in China within the last 2 weeks since the onset of the symptoms. 在出現上述症狀前過去兩周內，你曾經到香港，河內，或者廣東省。
3. If you have come into close contact with anyone who have been suspected of having SARS or presented with the same conditions above
What should I do if I suspect I may have SARS?
If you do have the symptoms described above, you should seek urgent medical attention from any of our clinics. The attending doctor will examine you and may refer you to have a Chest X-Ray done as soon as possible. Depending on what the Chest X-Ray reveals, we may have to refer you for further assessment by the respiratory physician
What about travelling to Hong Kong, Hanoi and Guangdong?
The Ministry of Health is strongly advising against travelling to these destinations for the time being until the situation has stabilised. If you have to travel to Hong Kong for whatever reasons, our Raffles Medical group clinic network in Hong Kong has been placed on high alert to offer assistance should you require medical assistance. You may call 2525 1730 (during office hours) or 7116 3388 ext 41 (after office hours) whilst in Hong Kong for medical assistance
What precautions can I take to avoid getting SARS?
To date, the germ(s) causing SARS have not been identified but on-going investigations suggest that it may be viral in origin. There is no known vaccination or medication that you can take which can offer you protection, instead, the common sense approach is advocated:
- Avoid crowded places. Keep a fair distance from people who are ill and are sneezing and coughing openly. The virus is spread through air droplets and you can pick up the virus through inhalation.
- Wash your hands frequently to reduce your risk of picking up the virus. The virus can be transmitted by hand contact as well.
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle. Exercise regularly, eat wisely and if you can, keep your stress levels low. Your primary defence against the any infection is your body's immune response, which is related to how healthy you are. Vitamins can help in maintaining a healthy immune system.
