"上周和一个很有文化自傲感的英国老者对话，不知何故，他问起我是否为中国人身份而骄傲。我的回答是不，因为骄傲一词带有居高临下的意味，似乎因高人一等而骄傲；我说骄傲不敢说，但是我绝对为自己在中英双语教育背景而感到LUCKY..."

If he asked you if you were pround of your chinese heritage, it should be translated into “自豪”. If he used word "pride", it can be 骄傲 or 自豪. If the word "vanity" was used, it is negative for sure. The first case is most likely, in my opinion, since he is asking about your relationship with your heritage, which did not concern any other people or country. Not possible being “居高临下”。

Respecting other culture is a request of others paying you the same courtesy. An insult of other culture is an open invitation of others to insult yours own. Be very careful what you say.