奇妙灵活的英语(2) - 必须学会“HAVE”


必须学会“HAVE”

英语最常见的动词 HAVE，有很丰富和灵活的用法。同时它的灵活性也常让我们最感头痛。

HAVE 有两个现在时态：HAVE, HAS，一个过去时态：HAD。
它们的否定词 HAVE NOT, HAS NOT, HAD NOT 也可以写成 haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t。（这三个字的发音是 havent, hasent 和hadent。）

HAVE 有几种不同意思和用法。

用做动词它可以代表：

有，拥有，存有，享有，具有，抱有，怀有，经历，遭受，使，让，做，进行，举行，吃，喝，玩，乐，表示，生育，怀孕，知道，战胜，支配，欺骗，诈骗，挨骂，角斗，说明白，无意，等等

它有时也有形容词的意思：

过时，必须，没救，完蛋，吃够苦了，取得胜利，有爱意，倒霉， 等等。

还有，HAVE 也可以当名词用来代表

拥有者，富人，富国，等等。

因此我们可以说HAVE 是个多功能字，似乎什么都可以代表，关键是看上下文，从句子和文章的整体看明白它的意思。

下面是 HAVE 几个较常见的用法：

My children had fun at the birthday party. 《孩子们生日聚会玩得很高兴。》

You can have a peek at this picture. 《我让你偷看这照片。》

Michelle already has a firm place in American history. 《奥巴马夫人在美国历史里已有巩固的位置。》

I saw Obama having a smoke. 《我看见奥巴马抽烟。》

She is going to have a baby. 《她有孕。》

I am happy to have the opportunity to serve my country. 《能有机会报效国家我很高兴。》

All the have’s and have-not’s are invited. 《所有富人和贫人我们都欢迎。》

下面举几个例子来说明它最常见而可能是预料不到的用法：

I’m good at nothing, who’d have me? (who’d = who would) 《我这么无能谁要雇佣我呢？》

I have to buy this pen. （have = must）《我必须买这支笔。》

I have got to buy this pen, it’s so cool. (Have got to = absolutely must 强调性“必须”。)

I have gotten used to his always being there for me. 《他在我最需要他的时刻总是找我身边，对这我太习惯了。》

We’ve been had! (we’ve = we have)《我们上当了！》

They had us. 《我们被他们欺诈了，我们输了，等等。》

I’ve had it with you! (I’ve = I have) 《你和我完了，我对你已失去信心。》

I’m afraid we’ve had it. （I’m = I am）《我们完蛋了！》

You defamed me behind my back. I will not have it! 《我不允许你在我背后说我的坏话。》

He has nothing on me, I’m not worried. 《我没给他什么把柄，我不怕！》

We have nothing to do with him. 《我们和他没有交往。》

It has to do with his inferiority complex 《这归咎于他的自卑感。》

He was punished. He had it coming. Serves him right. 《他受处罚，活该！》

He has it in for us. 《他怀恨我们，总是给呢我们找麻烦。》

She is going to have it out with him. 《她要和他决一雌雄，她要和他弄个水落石出。》

I will have it my way. 《我要自打主意。》

He is going to have it his way. 《他要一意孤行。》

The media has it that John has been philandering 《传媒声称John爱沾花惹草。》