奇妙靈活的英語(2) - 必須學會“HAVE”


必須學會“HAVE”

英語最常見的動詞 HAVE，有很豐富和靈活的用法。同時它的靈活性也常讓我們最感頭痛。

HAVE 有兩個現在時態：HAVE, HAS，一個過去時態：HAD。
它們的否定詞 HAVE NOT, HAS NOT, HAD NOT 也可以寫成 haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t。（這三個字的發音是 havent, hasent 和hadent。）

HAVE 有幾種不同意思和用法。

用做動詞它可以代表：

有，擁有，存有，享有，具有，抱有，懷有，經歷，遭受，使，讓，做，進行，舉行，吃，喝，玩，樂，表示，生育，懷孕，知道，戰勝，支配，欺騙，詐騙，挨罵，角斗，說明白，無意，等等

它有時也有形容詞的意思：

過時，必須，沒救，完蛋，吃夠苦了，取得勝利，有愛意，倒霉， 等等。

還有，HAVE 也可以當名詞用來代表

擁有者，富人，富國，等等。

因此我們可以說HAVE 是個多功能字，似乎什麼都可以代表，關鍵是看上下文，從句子和文章的整體看明白它的意思。

下面是 HAVE 幾個較常見的用法：

My children had fun at the birthday party. 《孩子們生日聚會玩得很高興。》

You can have a peek at this picture. 《我讓你偷看這照片。》

Michelle already has a firm place in American history. 《奧巴馬夫人在美國歷史里已有鞏固的位置。》

I saw Obama having a smoke. 《我看見奧巴馬抽煙。》

She is going to have a baby. 《她有孕。》

I am happy to have the opportunity to serve my country. 《能有機會報效國家我很高興。》

All the have’s and have-not’s are invited. 《所有富人和貧人我們都歡迎。》

下面舉幾個例子來說明它最常見而可能是預料不到的用法：

I’m good at nothing, who’d have me? (who’d = who would) 《我這麼無能誰要僱傭我呢？》

I have to buy this pen. （have = must）《我必須買這支筆。》

I have got to buy this pen, it’s so cool. (Have got to = absolutely must 強調性“必須”。)

I have gotten used to his always being there for me. 《他在我最需要他的時刻總是找我身邊，對這我太習慣了。》

We’ve been had! (we’ve = we have)《我們上當了！》

They had us. 《我們被他們欺詐了，我們輸了，等等。》

I’ve had it with you! (I’ve = I have) 《你和我完了，我對你已失去信心。》

I’m afraid we’ve had it. （I’m = I am）《我們完蛋了！》

You defamed me behind my back. I will not have it! 《我不允許你在我背後說我的壞話。》

He has nothing on me, I’m not worried. 《我沒給他什麼把柄，我不怕！》

We have nothing to do with him. 《我們和他沒有交往。》

It has to do with his inferiority complex 《這歸咎於他的自卑感。》

He was punished. He had it coming. Serves him right. 《他受處罰，活該！》

He has it in for us. 《他懷恨我們，總是給呢我們找麻煩。》

She is going to have it out with him. 《她要和他決一雌雄，她要和他弄個水落石出。》

I will have it my way. 《我要自打主意。》

He is going to have it his way. 《他要一意孤行。》

The media has it that John has been philandering 《傳媒聲稱John愛沾花惹草。》