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推動Chevron雪佛龍公司改進人權政策
送交者: 比較政策 2013年03月27日09:01:18 於 [股市財經] 發送悄悄話

作為世界第二大石油公司, Chevron雪佛龍2008年總產值達到2649.58億美元(作為比較,17千萬人口的巴基斯坦整個國家2008年的名目GDP總產值1646億、平價GDP總產值4224億美元)。它在尼日尼亞、緬甸、厄瓜多爾、伊拉克等國從事業務遇到的人權問題也很受關注。不用提,它在中國也有很大的業務,必然面對中國的人權問題。所以,當我幾年前搬到聖拉蒙發現它的總部在此地,就有意識地用我的退休基金買下了它的一些股票。我本無經濟頭腦,主要是“投資”中國的民主自由,如果再過20年中國還沒有基本的民主自由,我的“退休”生活還有什麼意義?

2008年我第一次出席它的股東大會,注意到第5號提案要求採納全球性的人權政策。這個提案在2006年和2007年的股東大會上已經被提出,這一次得到24%股東的支持。我當場發言支持這個提案。我觀察ChevronCEO兼主席D. J. O’Reilly主持會議的表現,發現他不擅長應對Chevron這樣的超級跨國公司必須面對的政治性事務http://cpri.tripod.com/cpr2008/chevron.pdf)。20095月,我再次出席其股東大會,又發言支持同樣的要求制定人權政策的第9號提案(贊同約為28%),並希望公司建立一個人權委員會,免得每次股東大會都面臨這麼多抗議。跨國公司的股東大會正成為全球化動盪中越來越重要的戰場(見http://cpri.tripod.com/cpr2009/chevron2009.pdf

為此,20091012日,我向Chevron提交我的人權提案。“雪佛龍業務的人權委員會:鑑於中國政府嚴重踐踏基本人權,處罰表達和實行言論和集會自由權利的人民(例如,我本人出生於北京、畢業於清華大學,1996年沒有得到任何文件就被取消了中國公民權);鑑於美國法律禁止美國公司在外國(包括中國)涉及侵犯人權的活動,所以,股東們在此決議:雪佛龍建立一個人權委員會負責審查和批准在出售和使用公司的產品和技術的國家從事的所有與人權相關的政策和行動。這個委員會將遵循聯合國人權宣言、包括公司的高級官員和受尊敬的外部人權專家(特別有關於中國人權狀況知識)以幫助公司了解公司海外業務的人權影響。”(附2

1019日很快收到ChevronAssistant Secretary & Managing Counsel Christopher Butner先生的傳真,說我的股東證明不太明確。我立即又開車去交易公司的辦事處,重新拿到一份證明,於1022日遞交。

在年底的時候,Butner先生打電話給我,說我的提案與另一個提案相似,而公司只接受一個提案,讓我與另一個提案的股東聯繫。我打通了在華盛頓的一個叫Bradley女士的電話,知道對方是the Society of Jesus耶穌會的代理,負責調整全美42province(沿用古羅馬的行省劃分傳統,在美國按州劃分)的共同提案,是2009年第9號人權提案的機構股東。因為我的提案早(他們的提案122日送到),有優先權。我一方面很高興幾年來自己的提案終於可以首次被列入一家大公司的股東大會投票表,讓全世界的上百萬股東思考中國的人權問題;另一方面也很氣憤Chevron把我放在耶穌會的對立面,我哪能與上帝作對?我告訴他們:“我們的事業都很重要,我不會放棄。但我們的提案不相似,你們應該與Chevron交涉,讓兩個提案都列入投票。”我還告訴他們一個戰術:如果Chevron採用這種小伎倆的話,他們下一次每個行省各提一案,看Chevron怎麼應對!

2010126日,我和從華盛頓飛來的Bradley女士和本地的加利福尼亞行省的省長助理Mark Potter博士會見,讀到Chevron18日至美國證券交易委員會SEC並轉耶穌會的信(http://cpri.tripod.com/cpr2010/Chevron_SEC.pdf),利用我的提案排除他們的提案,意識到事態的嚴重性。我們也打通在佛羅里達行省的耶穌會法律顧問Newhauser先生。Newhauser律師向我說明,SEC很有可能會同意Chevron的意見,把耶穌會的提案排除掉。那樣的話,他們經歷幾年的努力的成果毀於一旦,必須3年以後重新開始。我也感謝他們對我為什麼堅持自己的提案以及中國人權事業的理解。他們沒有再懇求我,而是祈禱上帝,因為這已經超越了人的意志。Potter博士第二天給我的電子郵件回顧了我們會見的精神,令人感動(附1)。

經過兩天的反覆比較,我與“人道中國”的周鋒鎖等同事們商量後,正式回復耶穌會,主動放棄我的已經被公司接受列入表決的提案,讓他們的提案復活。雖然失去了一次機會,但我們以此獲得了耶穌會這樣強大的聯盟,共同為世界和中國的人權事業戰鬥。

21日下午,我和Potter博士一同去Chevron總部,與公司的Butner先生和Global Issue & Policy Manager Silvia Garrigo女士舉行三方會談。我吃驚地意識到:當Chevron知道了我128日的決定使耶穌會的提案死而復生後,實質上改變了政策,基本上同意接受耶穌會的提案要點!這是很大的勝利。因為已經沒有必要了,耶穌會將撤銷它們的提案。我們的會見,主要由公司的兩位官員解釋如何在組織、制度上實行人權政策改善,並在全球、全公司範圍內培訓各個級別的員工。關於我的提案,我介紹了自己至今不能回國的經歷和工作、中國的現狀,特別強調在中國執行人權政策符合公司的長遠利益。他們解釋說,公司在中國沒有直接涉及到與中國政府合作侵犯人權的業務,公司也有外部的人權問題顧問(包括一位退休的聯合國人權事務官員),公司也很樂意通過我們的渠道了解中國的人權問題等等,因此我的提案就沒有必要了。他們又說:股東提案不是解決問題的好辦法。我心裡說:“我也到你們的Richmond煉油廠去抗議過呀!不過,那要動員上千人,才抵得上我這半頁紙的提案,讓我今天坐進來。”我表示:我的提案不是我個人的堅持,面對沒有合法性產生的政權,受迫害、受壓制的中國民眾對於在中國做生意的跨國公司,有權利要求和期待人權保護政策,公司同意把我的提案付諸廣大股東表決,就是不迴避問題的負責的表示。他們接受了,說,公司的董事會將準備一個聲明,大意是說,原則上同意我的提案精神但沒有必要設立一個委員會只關注中國的人權狀況。我對此表示理解。我的提案將會在今年5月在休斯敦舉行的大會上投票。我同時也聽說,現任CEO兼主席O’Reilly將不會再任,驗證了我最初參加股東大會時對他的判斷。

315日,我收到Butner的快件,是Chevron公司20105月召開的股東大會的投票資料的兩頁內容。第83頁是我的提案,第84頁是公司的反對聲明(附2)。這份公司聲明,列舉了我們21日會議中的要點,說明公司已經從制度上採取新的、足夠的人權政策,沒有必要再設立人權委員會。我基本同意。我把這個聲明傳給Potter博士,他回覆說耶穌會也基本同意公司的聲明,並同意將代表我出席在休斯敦的股東大會,宣讀我的提案,完成最後一道程序。這樣,我以幾千萬分之一的超微小股份,幫助耶穌會等達到了在2009年大會上近6億股(28%)沒有達成的目的,奇蹟般地推動了Chevron人權政策的轉變。而且,在第一次把關於中國人權狀況的提案送到Chevron股東大會表決的同時,又建立起與耶穌會這樣的歷史悠久的全球組織的聯盟(我2007年在Yahoo股東大會上試圖與紐約市管理政府雇員退休基金的官員建立“聯盟”,無果。今後,我可以先提交一個類似提案,把需要結盟的大股東請到談判桌上來)。下一步,我馬上就得轉向已經無理拒絕了我的同樣內容提案的Boeing波音公司和似乎已經接受了我的內容不同的提案的Google谷歌公司。

 

[趙京,201021日第一稿,331日定稿, 美國聖拉蒙]

 

[補充:2010526日股東大會結果:有76,498,972股(6.9%)投票贊成我的提案。見公司網站:http://www.chevron.com/documents/pdf/chevron2010proxyvotingresults.pdf]

 


[1]

Dear Jing Zhao, Ph.D. -

 

Thank you for taking time to meet with us yesterday and for sharing your commitment to human rights in China.  We have been deeply moved by the suffering you and your wife have experienced and know how significant your Chevron human rights resolution is for so many people who are being persecuted in China today.  We applaud your courage and invite you to consider joining in our larger movement to change Chevron’s human rights practices and policies as a part of the coalition of concerned shareholders that we have built over the last five years.

 

I realize that we have made a difficult request of you to withdraw your resolution with Chevron to allow the Jesuit-led resolution to go forward. As you heard our legal counsel Paul Neuhauser explain, the SEC will likely agree with Chevron's request to exclude ours since your resolution was received first.

 

As you probably know, shareholder resolutions are not binding on a Company. Resolutions are used primarily a means to getting the Company to enter into constructive dialogue with shareholders.  This is why having a large number of shareholders backing a resolution is important, and is something that grabs the attention of the Company as well as the shareholders who are voting on each resolution.  Over the past several years, several third-party corporate governance organizations have recommended that shareholders vote in favor of this Jesuit-led human rights resolution.

 

As you contemplate what to do and discuss this with your friends and colleagues, please consider how much more effective you can be for the Chinese people by joining the Jesuit-led initiative for a comprehensive human rights policy at Chevron:

·        You become an ally joining experienced shareholder advocates who are members of theInterfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR). Over the past five years, this coalition has grown each year, and now includes 42 co-filers on the resolution calling for a comprehensive, transparent, and verifiable human rights policy across all operations of the Chevron Corporation – in all countries where Chevron operates, including China. Also, each year the shareholder vote has increased, to nearly 30% approval last year. Our resolution has the support of 42 institutional co-filers, which is the largest ICCR resolution in the current year by a wide stretch (the second largest after our resolution has received 22 co-filers).

·        If you choose not to withdraw your resolution and the SEC agrees with Chevron to exclude the Jesuit-led resolution, then your resolution will need to win at least 10% of the shareholder vote (201 million shares).  As we discussed yesterday, resolutions with a single sponsor that focus on a single country rarely garner such response. As Paul Nehauser explained, if your resolution fails to win a 10% approval, then none of us will be able to file another human rights resolution with Chevron for a period of three years, and we will lose all the momentum and progress that we have made with Chevron since we started engaging Chevron in 2004.

·        For almost 40 years, ICCR has been the pioneer in shareholder engagement – we are respected and taken seriously by every company that we engage. You should know that in the last five years, the Jesuits have successfully engaged both Occidental Petroleum and Monsanto Company to adopt comprehensive human rights policies. Moreover, as Anna showed you yesterday, our ICCR colleagues have many other open dialogues that have China as a focal point and this will allow you to be a resource to them.

·        You will be able to participate with us in our ongoing dialogue with Chevron corporate officers. You would be able to participate not only in the dialogue but also in the strategy session to plan the agenda. This will allow you to speak directly to Chevron decision makers who have the authority to change corporate practice and policy. Corporate dialogues have an entirely different tone than the annual meeting and they provide the time to discuss items much more in depth.  We will incorporate your particular interest and concerns regarding Chevron’s operations in China within our wide r context of global, transparent, and verifiable human rights policy, and continue to hold Chevron to these standards throughout the implementation phase of such a policy. Jesuits have identified China as one of the key areas that we want to grow in our awareness and engagement, so your insight and experience will be extremely valuable.

 

Dr. Zhao, if you agree to withdraw your resolution, we will welcome you and your concerns for China wholeheartedly into our alliance of co-filers. Hopefully you and your colleagues will see that by joining the Jesuit-led resolution, your cause is actually made stronger - and alternatively, by not joining you would potentially be jeopardizing an advancement of human rights with Chevron and hurting your cause. Certainly, an alliance of united shareholder advocates will demand greater leverage on behalf of the people of China.  Together, we can utilize our shared experiences and passions on behalf of human rights everywhere.

 

Please call me or Anna directly if you have any questions. We look forward to hearing your decision by Friday.

 

In solidarity and peace,

Mark & Anna

 

Mark Potter, Ph.D.

Provincial Assistant, Social Ministries California Province of the Society of Jesus


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