建立基於同理心的人類與類人生物關係信任

Toward an empathy-based trust in human-otheroid relations

——《人工智能與社會》2025年第40卷第5期——

Volume 40, Issue 5, 2025

【摘要】本文的主要目的有兩個：首先，論證我們可以與機器人和人工智能系統（自動機）建立信任關係；其次，全面描述這種信任關係背後的機制。為了實現這些目標，本文首先批判性地審視了反對與自動機建立信任關係的主要論點。指出這些論點面臨着使其站不住腳的重大挑戰，從而為後續的實證分析奠定了基礎，並提出了一個可以應對這些挑戰的框架。根據該框架，信任並非源於單純的可靠性，而是源於與自動機的同理心關係。這種最初的同理心關係將自動機提升到我稱之為“類人生物”（Otheroids）的地位。隨後，本文探討了這種人與類人生物的關係如何固有地蘊含着信任發展的種子。最後，本文探討了這些種子如何通過建立豐富的互動歷史，發展成為與類人生物之間基本的信任形式。

【關鍵詞】信任關係、同理心、類人生物、人機關係、關係態度

[Abstract] The primary aim of this paper is twofold: firstly, to argue that we can enter into relation of trust with robots and AI systems (automata); and secondly, to provide a comprehensive description of the underlying mechanisms responsible for this relation of trust. To achieve these objectives, the paper first undertakes a critical examination of the main arguments opposing the concept of a trust-based relation with automata. Showing that these arguments face significant challenges that render them untenable, it thereby prepares the ground for the subsequent positive analysis, proposing a framework in which these challenges can be addressed. According to this framework trust does not originate from mere reliability, but rather from an empathic relation with automata. This initial empathic relation elevates the automata to the status of what I will term "Otheroids." The paper then explores how this human-Otheroid relationship inherently possesses the seeds for the development of trust. Finally, it examines how these seeds can grow into a basic form of trust with Otheroids through the establishment of a rich history of interaction.

[Key words] Trust-based relation, Empathy, Otheroids, Human-AI/Robot-relation, Relational Attitude

論文原文：Abootaleb Safdar (2025). Toward an empathy-based trust in human-otheroid relations. AI & SOCIETY, Volume 40, Issue 5, Pages 3123–3138, June 2025.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-02155-z

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