美國開國先賢解釋保守主義 作者:MarkLevinShow.com 翻譯:九喻 我寧可自由太多而忍受由之帶來的麻煩，也不願自由太少。 - 托馬斯-傑斐遜（Thomas Jefferson） "I would rather be exposed to the inconveniences attending too much liberty than to those attending too small a degree of it." -- Thomas Jefferson 國會沒有無限的權力來提供普遍的福利，國會只有具體列出的那些權力。 - 托馬斯-傑斐遜（Thomas Jefferson） "Congress has not unlimited powers to provide for the general welfare but only those specifically enumerated." -- Thomas Jefferson 聯邦政府的權力被具體列出；聯邦政府只能在某些場合展開操作，只在界定的有限範圍內有合法權力，而不能把控制權擴展到範圍之外。 - 詹姆斯-麥迪遜（James Madison），Speech in the Virginia Ratifying Convention [June 6, 1788] "[T]he powers of the federal government are enumerated; it can only operate in certain cases; it has legislative powers on defined and limited objects, beyond which it cannot extend its jurisdiction." -- James Madison, Speech in the Virginia Ratifying Convention [June 6, 1788] ...美國政府是被界定的政府，有具體的限定。而不像州政府，州政府的權力更廣泛。慈善不是立法規定的政府職責。 - 詹姆斯-麥迪遜（James Madison） ...[T]he government of the United States is a definite government, confined to specified objects. It is not like the state governments, whose powers are more general. Charity is no part of the legislative duty of the government." --James Madison ...有意見認為應該給法官決定什麼法律符合憲法、什麼法律不合憲法的權力，不但在他們自己的領域，而且在立法和行政領域，那會把司法部門變成專制機關。 - 托馬斯-傑斐遜（Thomas Jefferson） "...the opinion which gives to the judges the right to decide what laws are constitutional and what not, not only for themselves in their own sphere of action but for the Legislature and Executive also in their spheres, would make the Judiciary a despotic branch." -- Thomas Jefferson 當人們可以通過投票來使自己得到錢的時候，共和的終點也就快到了。 - 本傑明-富蘭克林（Benjamin Franklin） When the people find that they can vote themselves money, that will herald the end of the republic.-- Benjamin Franklin 從沒有任何國家毀於貿易，甚至是那些看起來最不划算的貿易。 - 本傑明-富蘭克林（Benjamin Franklin） "No nation was ever ruined by trade, even seemingly the most disadvantageous." -- Benjamin Franklin, Principles of Trade, 1774 如果是從首都華盛頓下指示，告訴我們何時播種，何時收割，那麼很快我們就會尋覓麵包了。 - 托馬斯-傑斐遜（Thomas Jefferson） "Were we directed from Washington when to sow, and when to reap, we should soon want bread." -- Thomas Jefferson, Autobiography, 1821 任何社會都是祝福，但政府不是，即便是在它最好的時候也不是祝福；而在政府最不好的時候，就成了必要的魔鬼；當我們遭受那些政府導致的問題時（在沒有政府的地方人民可能期待一個政府），我們的痛苦感增加，因為是我們自己打造了讓我們痛苦的政府。 - 托馬斯-潘恩（Thomas Paine），Common Sense, 1776 "Society in every state is a blessing, but government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one; for when we suffer or are exposed to the same miseries by a government, which we might expect in a country without government, our calamity is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the means by which we suffer." -- Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776 那些用基本自由來換取一點暫時的安全的人，既不配得到自由，也不配得到安全。 - 本傑明-富蘭克林（Benjamin Franklin） "They that can give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety." --Benjamin Franklin, Historical Review of Pennsylvania, 1759 那些期望享受自由果實的人，必須象男子漢一樣，為自由付出。 - 托馬斯-潘恩（Thomas Paine），The American Crisis, No. 4, September 11, 1777 "Those who expect to reap the blessings of freedom, must, like men, undergo the fatigues of supporting it." -- Thomas Paine, The American Crisis, No. 4, September 11, 1777 一旦社會接受這種觀念，那就是私有財產不象上帝的法律那樣神聖，沒有法律和社會正義的力量來保護私有財產，無政府和專制就會到來。如果“不可貪戀別人的財產”和“不可偷盜”不是上天的誡命，它們必須先被接受為不可褻瀆的警句，一個社會才有文明和自由。 - 約翰-亞當斯（John Adams）A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, 1787 "The moment the idea is admitted into society that property is not as sacred as the laws of God, and that there is not a force of law and public justice to protect it, anarchy and tyranny commence. If 'Thou shalt not covet' and 'Thou shalt not steal' were not commandments of Heaven, they must be made inviolable precepts in every society before it can be civilized or made free." -- John Adams, A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, 1787 準備好戰爭，是維持和平的最佳途徑。 - 喬治-華盛頓（George Washington），First Annual Message, January 8, 1790 "To be prepared for war, is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace." -- George Washington, First Annual Message, January 8, 1790 有一個行為...會得到社會的無盡感激，那就是不讓法官篡改法律。 - 托馬斯-傑斐遜（Thomas Jefferson），letter to Edward Livingston, March 25, 1825 "One single object. . . [will merit] the endless gratitude of the society: that of restraining the judges from usurping legislation." -- Thomas Jefferson, letter to Edward Livingston, March 25, 1825 記住，民主從來不長久。很快民主就會自我消耗，以致自殺。還沒有一個民主政體能夠免除自我滅亡的結局。 - 約翰-亞當斯（John Adams），letter to John Taylor, April 15, 1814 "Remember democracy never lasts long. It soon wastes, exhausts, and murders itself. There never was a democracy yet that did not commit suicide." -- John Adams, letter to John Taylor, April 15, 1814 因為認為一個人擁有產業，他的先輩得到太多，就奪走他的財產，以分給其他人，而那些人或他們的先輩沒有同等的產業或技術，是在任意違犯合眾國的第一條原則，即保證每個人可以自由經營自己的產業，並擁有從該產業獲得的果實。 - 托馬斯-傑斐遜（Thomas Jefferson），letter to Joseph Milligan, April 6, 1816 "To take from one, because it is thought his own industry and that of his fathers has acquired too much, in order to spare to others, who, or whose fathers, have not exercised equal industry and skill, is to violate arbitrarily the first principle of association, the guarantee to everyone the free exercise of his industry and the fruits acquired by it." -- Thomas Jefferson, letter to Joseph Milligan, April 6, 1816 我贊成幫助窮人，但我在方法上有不同意見。我認為幫助窮人最好的辦法，不是讓他們的貧困生活變的容易，而是引導他們離開貧困狀況，或把他們趕出貧困狀況。 - 本傑明-富蘭克林（Benjamin Franklin），On the Price of Corn and Management of the Poor, November 1776 " I am for doing good to the poor, but I differ in opinion of the means. I think the best way of doing good to the poor, is not making them easy in poverty, but leading or driving them out of it." -- Benjamin Franklin, On the Price of Corn and Management of the Poor, November 1776 迫害一個個體的大多數是在犯罪，是在濫用力量，通過法律手段，那群最強大的摧毀了社會的根基。 - 托馬斯-傑斐遜（Thomas Jefferson） "The majority, oppressing an individual, is guilty of a crime, abuses its strength, and by acting on the law of the strongest breaks up the foundations of society." -- Thomas Jefferson 英文：The Founders Explain Conservatism http://www.marklevinshow.com/foundingfathers.php