總體而言，民意調查顯示，如果下一任美國總統選擇，將吸引全球聽眾，以建立一個國際聯盟，以挑戰中國日益增長的政治統治地位，並質疑其領導層的道德價值觀。然而，調查結果毫無意義，美國將能夠利用其對危機的處理來扮演領導角色。

調查顯示，除中國外，在所有接受調查的國家中，公眾絕大多數都認為冠狀病毒是在中國首次發現的。尼日利亞的發病率最高（98％），緊隨其後的是希臘和南非（97％）和西班牙（96％）。除中國外，利率最低的國家是沙特阿拉伯，其中83％認為中國對此負責，而美國（84％）。

相比之下，在中國只有52％的受訪者認為在該國首次發現了冠狀病毒，而在中國，只有十分之一（12％）的受訪者表示他們不知道何時被問到在哪個國家首次發現該病毒。不到三分之一的受訪者認為該病毒是在美國首次發現的。

大多數國家的大多數人也不相信中國政府在2019年底在該國首次發現冠狀病毒時對它透明。

在英國，五分之四的受訪者認為中國當局試圖掩蓋事實。日本（84％）緊隨其後的是西班牙（82％），他們認為中國政府試圖掩蓋事實真相的受訪者比例最高，但整個歐盟的數字相似。

公眾不太確定中國是否試圖懲罰最早發現該病毒的醫生，但是除了希臘之外，每個接受調查的歐洲國家中的大多數人都認為中國肯定或可能試圖這樣做。

南非和尼日利亞的大多數人認為中國過分懲罰醫生，這可能會使中國感到不安。中國經常將非洲視為其更穩定的政治支持來源之一。

許多國家（通常為五分之一）的大批人說，他們根本不知道醫生是否成為襲擊目標，世界衛生組織對病毒爆發的外部調查可能會探討這個問題。

許多人還指責中國政府本來可以阻止該病毒的傳播，從而指責中國政府。在英國，有67％的受訪者認為，如果中國政府做出更快的反應，該病毒的國際傳播是可以防止的。

對於在這場危機中發揮最大領導作用的國家，人們意見不一，但主要發現是，沒有一個國家能單獨獲得這一殊榮。

在中國，十分之九的受訪者表示，他們的政府在全球發揮了最大的領導作用。但是，這種觀點幾乎無法在全球範圍內得到反映，歐洲的數字微不足道地讚揚了中國。

稱讚中國的受訪者人數包括瑞典（1％），英國（1％），德國（2％），澳大利亞（2％）和日本（3％）。在泰國和埃及，超過五分之一的國家援引中國的話，但最引人注目的發現是，很少有人能指出任何國家表現出領導才能。

少數國家稱讚德國，但沒有哪個國家被視為鼓舞人心的領導人。僅在尼日利亞和美國，美國領導能力就超過了五分之一。

Overall, the poll suggests there is a receptive global audience for the next US president, if he chooses, to construct an international alliance to challenge China’s growing political dominance, and to question the moral values of its leadership. There is no sense in the findings, however, that the US would be able to exploit its handling of the crisis to take on that leadership role.

The survey shows that in every country surveyed, apart from China, the public overwhelmingly believe that coronavirus was first detected in China. Nigeria had the highest rate (98%), closely followed by Greece and South Africa (97%) and Spain (96%). The countries with the lowest rates, apart from China, were Saudi Arabia, where 83% thought China was responsible, and the US (84%).

By contrast, only 52% of respondents in China believe that coronavirus was first detected in the country and just over one in 10 (12%) of respondents in China said they did not know when asked in which country the virus was first detected. Just under a third of these respondents believe the virus was first detected in the US.

Majorities in most countries also do not believe the Chinese government was transparent about coronavirus when it was first detected in the country at the end of 2019.

In Great Britain, four in five respondents believe that the Chinese authorities tried to hide the truth. Japan (84%) followed by Spain (82%) has the highest rate of respondents who believe the Chinese authorities tried to hide the truth, but the numbers are similar through the EU.

The public is less certain whether China sought to punish the doctors that first detected the virus, but majorities in every European country surveyed, save Greece, think China either definitely or probably sought to do so.

China will likely be disturbed that majorities in South Africa and Nigeria thought the country went to the extreme of punishing doctors. China has often regarded Africa as one of its more stable sources of political support.

Large numbers in many countries, often a fifth, say they simply do not know if doctors were targeted, an issue that is likely to be explored by the World Health Organization’s external inquiry into the virus outbreak.

Many also blame the Chinese government by saying it could have prevented the spread of the virus. In Great Britain, 67% of respondents believe that the international spread of the virus could have been prevented if the Chinese government had responded more quickly.

Opinion is divided about the country that has shown the most global leadership in the crisis, but the predominant finding is that no single country is singled out for this accolade.

Within China, nearly nine out of 10 respondents claim their government has shown the most global leadership. However, this view is hardly reflected globally with negligible numbers in Europe praising China.

The number of respondents praising China range from Sweden (1%), Great Britain (1%) Germany (2%), Australia (2%) and Japan (3%). In Thailand and Egypt more than a fifth cite China, but the most striking finding is how few people can point to any country as showing leadership.

A few countries praise Germany, but no country is seen as an inspirational leader. Only in Nigeria and the US did more than a fifth single out US leadership.

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/27/china-loses-trust-internationally-over-coronavirus-handling

本文作者 人民日報超著名記者 嚴瑜同志的春天笑靨

http://politics.people.com.cn/n1/2020/0331/c1001-31654698.html