when Malone was a graduate student in biology in the late 1980s at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, he injected genetic material—DNA and RNA—into the cells of mice in hopes of creating a new

 kind of vaccine. 

(說明馬龍當時研究的目的就是為了開闢新的疫苗途徑，而不是事後諸葛亮）

These two studies do indeed represent seminal work in the field of gene transfer, according to Rein Verbeke, a postdoctoral fellow at Ghent University, in Belgium, and the lead author of a 2019 history of mRNA-vaccine development. 

馬龍的研究是開拓性的（發明的另一種說法）