法治和人性
答西渡:
西渡說人本文化聖賢教化、道德修養、史鑑節名這些東西“本身多麼經不起推敲,
和中國歷代政治鬥爭現實差得多遠”我只想問一句,你讀過史嗎?你讀都沒讀過,
推什麼敲呢?現在還拿五四那一套來糊弄人,已經不太可能了。如果說毛骨悚然,
我怎麼覺得想把「契約倫理」嫁接到中國社會,才是真正的毛骨悚然呢?
至高無上權威性,怎麼不是“法的神聖化”?我的原話是這樣的 ── “而從消極
的意義上講,你把這個法神聖化了,人就成了法的奴僕。當然從積極的意義上講,
任何法治社會,都首先需要解決兩個問題,一個是法的正當性,一個是法的權威性,
但法的權威性,和君權神授的思維方式和思維邏輯並沒有本質的不同。”你有沒有
斷章取義?你有沒有看到“法的正當性”這幾個字?而這幾個字是什麼意思?
你真的明白“你的語境管不到我的語境”這句話是什麼意思嗎?你這個回帖,是用
西方契約語境還是東方人本語境來進行思考的?你覺得人與人之間的關係,都以法
的名義而變得象公平交換的商品關係一樣,就很好嗎?你為什麼不願面對“老人倒
在路邊無人搭理”這樣的問題?你不理摔倒在路邊的老人並不犯法,但無人搭理卻
違背人性,這就是為什麼德治和聖賢教化那麼重要。我並不反對法治,我認為“德
治、仁政為教化人心之「本體」,禮為移風易俗之「作用」,法為懲罰警戒之「輔
助」。”都象你這樣要法不要德,搞得人的良心都沒有了還心安理得,自以為自己
很不錯,是個守法公民,但沒有良心的守法公民算人嗎?在西方語境中算的,但在
東方語境中,沒有良心就叫禽獸不如,所以人一定要照顧到自己的良心。聖賢之教
無它,聖賢教我們什麼是「不安」,以及什麼是「安心」,只這四個字而已。
聖賢之教教我們不要做一個麻木不仁的人,而法治只教你去做一個理性的人,但它
永遠不會教你如何去做一個有良知的人、有情義的人,也就是說,只相信法治可以
使人變成一個理性的守法公民,但同時他也是無情無義、麻木不仁的人。
答不老:
《論語》有句話叫“巧言令色鮮以仁。”對於老人摔倒在路邊無人搭理,總不老是
這樣回應的:“fawei原帖我沒看過,光看你“引用”的,就知道他的原意應該是病
重的老人摔倒不懂的人不要隨便扶,被你的生花妙筆曲解成老人倒在路邊沒人搭理。
現在你又解釋成老人沒啥事,能清醒地回答需要不需要你的offer。那麼我問你,如
果老人不能回答你的問題,你是選擇扶起他以證明你沒有私心呢,還是一走了之?。。。
你在美國呆得也夠久了,應該知道美國人最喜歡報警。通常你在路上一點點什麼事,
就會有警察過來。。。”
所以「法」真的是可以令人變得冷漠無情而且更虛偽,一個老人摔倒在路邊,你怎
麼知道他有病?你怎麼知道他不能說話?你非得規定一個在路邊摔倒的老人是病重
號而且不會說話,你不覺得這樣的狡辯很荒唐嗎?而且遇到好心人攙扶起老人,怎
麼到你這裡就變成了是為了“證明你沒有私心”呢?就算人有私心,他就必然沒有
同情關愛的心嗎?美國人再喜歡報警,報警也不能代替人的良心,因為總有人沒有
手機,也總有警察不在附近的時候。
其實就算老人倒在地上,伸出手來喊HELP,你也不會去幫助,因為那可能是他設的
陷井,你去幫他可能吃官司。所以法可以讓有愛心的人變成自私,讓自私的人變得
巧言令色、心安理得。
等到不老你老到有一天摔倒在路邊的雪地上,無人搭理快要凍死的時候,但願你能
想起老祖宗所說的“老吾老,以及人之老”這句話來。就算你住進老人中心,也總
會有躺在床上爬不起來的時候,比如大熱天又斷了電,你口渴喊著要水喝,到時候
護士就是慢慢悠悠不倒給你喝,讓你干著,因為她怕你喝多了。
Law or Humanity:
今晚偶然看了一點“Boston Legal”,面對一位蓄意殺人犯,兩位律師在陪審團面
前,各自進行了如下的最後陳述。
In Judge Harry Hingham’s courtroom.
D.A Valerie Murrow: There was no self-defense, or defense of others here.
I’m not going to waste time telling you something you already know. The
defendant simply made a decision, a reflective one, that Bernard Ferrion
should no longer be among the living. Two whacks to the back of the head.
Whether Catherine Piper was playing at executioner or God, she committed
murder. Law and Order isn’t simply something found on television four nights
a week. Our integrity as a people is inextricably bound up with the idea
that we are a nation of laws. You as jurors took an oath to uphold the law.
In a time when we as Americans are increasingly labeled as a ‘Might makes
right’society, I sincerely hope for our legacy as a moral society you choose
to honor that oath.
Catherine Piper: I certainly hope you’re good.
Alan Shore: In 2003 we had 16,500 murders in this country. 6200 went unsolved.
On another 4000 we made arrests! The defendants eventually went free. We
don’t catch killers in this country. Since 1960 200,000 murders have gone
unsolved. Forget about the ones where we just failed to convict! For 200,000
we were baffled! Ask me, we could use a few more vigilantes. Now! You swing
that skillet at your own risk, I grant you. Kill an innocent person? Off
to prison you should go. But Catherine Piper didn’t do that. Catherine
Piper tried law and order. She was scared for her life. She did fear for
the safety of others. And in the heat of that fear she swung that skillet!
Accomplishing in the process something the police couldn’t. She got the
bad guy. Now, I certainly don’t want a society where people start arbitrarily
taking the law into their own hands. I know you don’t. But society certainly
isn’t safeguarded, nor is it remotely benefited by putting Catherine Piper
in prison. Unlike the District Attorney, I don’t think we’re a country
inextricably bound up with law and order or some National integrity. I like
to think we’re a people. Mostly about humanity. And humanity isn’t about
the right to trumpet moral superiority. Humanity is about compassion, even
forgiveness. Catherine Piper in all her fear reacted in a very human way.
She’s here now asking you to do the same.
Catherine Piper: I thought you’d be better.
大家猜猜看,陪審團最後做出了怎樣的決定呢?這一集其實我並沒有看完,但Alan
Shore的辯護詞,卻給我留下了極深的印象。
關於人治、法治的概念和定義
http://bbs.creaders.net/life/bbsviewer.php?trd_id=389101
法治就是人治 -- 再答直言
http://bbs.creaders.net/life/bbsviewer.php?trd_id=388900
人心和法治 -- 簡答FAWEI
http://bbs.creaders.net/life/bbsviewer.php?trd_id=388596
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