法治和人性
答西渡:
西渡说人本文化圣贤教化、道德修养、史鉴节名这些东西“本身多么经不起推敲,
和中国历代政治斗争现实差得多远”我只想问一句,你读过史吗?你读都没读过,
推什么敲呢?现在还拿五四那一套来糊弄人,已经不太可能了。如果说毛骨悚然,
我怎么觉得想把「契约伦理」嫁接到中国社会,才是真正的毛骨悚然呢?
至高无上权威性,怎么不是“法的神圣化”?我的原话是这样的 ── “而从消极
的意义上讲,你把这个法神圣化了,人就成了法的奴仆。当然从积极的意义上讲,
任何法治社会,都首先需要解决两个问题,一个是法的正当性,一个是法的权威性,
但法的权威性,和君权神授的思维方式和思维逻辑并没有本质的不同。”你有没有
断章取义?你有没有看到“法的正当性”这几个字?而这几个字是什么意思?
你真的明白“你的语境管不到我的语境”这句话是什么意思吗?你这个回帖,是用
西方契约语境还是东方人本语境来进行思考的?你觉得人与人之间的关系,都以法
的名义而变得象公平交换的商品关系一样,就很好吗?你为什么不愿面对“老人倒
在路边无人搭理”这样的问题?你不理摔倒在路边的老人并不犯法,但无人搭理却
违背人性,这就是为什么德治和圣贤教化那么重要。我并不反对法治,我认为“德
治、仁政为教化人心之「本体」,礼为移风易俗之「作用」,法为惩罚警戒之「辅
助」。”都象你这样要法不要德,搞得人的良心都没有了还心安理得,自以为自己
很不错,是个守法公民,但没有良心的守法公民算人吗?在西方语境中算的,但在
东方语境中,没有良心就叫禽兽不如,所以人一定要照顾到自己的良心。圣贤之教
无它,圣贤教我们什么是「不安」,以及什么是「安心」,只这四个字而已。
圣贤之教教我们不要做一个麻木不仁的人,而法治只教你去做一个理性的人,但它
永远不会教你如何去做一个有良知的人、有情义的人,也就是说,只相信法治可以
使人变成一个理性的守法公民,但同时他也是无情无义、麻木不仁的人。
答不老:
《论语》有句话叫“巧言令色鲜以仁。”对于老人摔倒在路边无人搭理,总不老是
这样回应的:“fawei原帖我没看过,光看你“引用”的,就知道他的原意应该是病
重的老人摔倒不懂的人不要随便扶,被你的生花妙笔曲解成老人倒在路边没人搭理。
现在你又解释成老人没啥事,能清醒地回答需要不需要你的offer。那么我问你,如
果老人不能回答你的问题,你是选择扶起他以证明你没有私心呢,还是一走了之?。。。
你在美国呆得也够久了,应该知道美国人最喜欢报警。通常你在路上一点点什么事,
就会有警察过来。。。”
所以「法」真的是可以令人变得冷漠无情而且更虚伪,一个老人摔倒在路边,你怎
么知道他有病?你怎么知道他不能说话?你非得规定一个在路边摔倒的老人是病重
号而且不会说话,你不觉得这样的狡辩很荒唐吗?而且遇到好心人搀扶起老人,怎
么到你这里就变成了是为了“证明你没有私心”呢?就算人有私心,他就必然没有
同情关爱的心吗?美国人再喜欢报警,报警也不能代替人的良心,因为总有人没有
手机,也总有警察不在附近的时候。
其实就算老人倒在地上,伸出手来喊HELP,你也不会去帮助,因为那可能是他设的
陷井,你去帮他可能吃官司。所以法可以让有爱心的人变成自私,让自私的人变得
巧言令色、心安理得。
等到不老你老到有一天摔倒在路边的雪地上,无人搭理快要冻死的时候,但愿你能
想起老祖宗所说的“老吾老,以及人之老”这句话来。就算你住进老人中心,也总
会有躺在床上爬不起来的时候,比如大热天又断了电,你口渴喊著要水喝,到时候
护士就是慢慢悠悠不倒给你喝,让你干著,因为她怕你喝多了。
Law or Humanity:
今晚偶然看了一点“Boston Legal”,面对一位蓄意杀人犯,两位律师在陪审团面
前,各自进行了如下的最后陈述。
In Judge Harry Hingham’s courtroom.
D.A Valerie Murrow: There was no self-defense, or defense of others here.
I’m not going to waste time telling you something you already know. The
defendant simply made a decision, a reflective one, that Bernard Ferrion
should no longer be among the living. Two whacks to the back of the head.
Whether Catherine Piper was playing at executioner or God, she committed
murder. Law and Order isn’t simply something found on television four nights
a week. Our integrity as a people is inextricably bound up with the idea
that we are a nation of laws. You as jurors took an oath to uphold the law.
In a time when we as Americans are increasingly labeled as a ‘Might makes
right’society, I sincerely hope for our legacy as a moral society you choose
to honor that oath.
Catherine Piper: I certainly hope you’re good.
Alan Shore: In 2003 we had 16,500 murders in this country. 6200 went unsolved.
On another 4000 we made arrests! The defendants eventually went free. We
don’t catch killers in this country. Since 1960 200,000 murders have gone
unsolved. Forget about the ones where we just failed to convict! For 200,000
we were baffled! Ask me, we could use a few more vigilantes. Now! You swing
that skillet at your own risk, I grant you. Kill an innocent person? Off
to prison you should go. But Catherine Piper didn’t do that. Catherine
Piper tried law and order. She was scared for her life. She did fear for
the safety of others. And in the heat of that fear she swung that skillet!
Accomplishing in the process something the police couldn’t. She got the
bad guy. Now, I certainly don’t want a society where people start arbitrarily
taking the law into their own hands. I know you don’t. But society certainly
isn’t safeguarded, nor is it remotely benefited by putting Catherine Piper
in prison. Unlike the District Attorney, I don’t think we’re a country
inextricably bound up with law and order or some National integrity. I like
to think we’re a people. Mostly about humanity. And humanity isn’t about
the right to trumpet moral superiority. Humanity is about compassion, even
forgiveness. Catherine Piper in all her fear reacted in a very human way.
She’s here now asking you to do the same.
Catherine Piper: I thought you’d be better.
大家猜猜看,陪审团最后做出了怎样的决定呢?这一集其实我并没有看完,但Alan
Shore的辩护词,却给我留下了极深的印象。
关于人治、法治的概念和定义
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法治就是人治 -- 再答直言
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人心和法治 -- 简答FAWEI
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