馬云： 北京霧霾我特別高興  特權階級沒特供空氣了

這次北京的霧霾，我特別高興，我從來沒有那麼高興過，因為北京以往我們呼籲水，呼籲空氣，呼籲這一切食品安全的時候，沒有人多少相信。因為特權階級他們有特權的水，這次沒有特供的空氣了，他們回到家同樣會面臨老婆孩子的指責。

我們需要考慮的是什麼樣的行動，我們相信十年以後中國三大癌症將會困擾着每一個家庭，肝癌、肺癌、胃癌。肝癌，很多可能是因為水；肺癌是因為我們的空氣；胃癌，是我們的食物，有多少人30年以前，有多少人知道我們邊上誰誰誰有癌症，那個時候癌症是一個稀有的名詞，今天癌症變成了一種常態 ......

很多人問我什麼東西讓你睡不着覺，阿里巴巴淘寶從來沒有讓我睡不着覺，讓我睡不着覺的是我們的水不能喝了，我們的食品不能吃了，我們的孩子不能喝牛奶了，這時候我真睡不着覺了。

1983年4月初，筆者隨貿促會組織的代表團第一次出國前往聯邦德國參加一年一度舉辦的世界最大規模的漢諾威國際工業博覽會結束後，請假乘火車隻身赴魯爾地區面見一位1940年代初期德國駐南京大使館文化參贊（他寫過一本講述南京城歷史的書；與之前介紹過的德國前總統魏茨澤克年輕時的情形相仿，也是一位活躍的國家社會主義工人黨黨員）、後來轉赴北京任中德協會會長的德國漢學家教授（1910年出生）。我們兩人當天共同相處了5個多小時。

彎來繞去說了這麼多背景介紹，只是順便回顧一下德國往事，與下面的單詞着眼點一點兒關係沒有。筆者完全不了解德語，但早就知道一個已經成為英語詞彙的德語單詞：schadenfreude。第一次說完，教授愣了一下，再說一遍，他笑了，“很有意思，怎麼會記住這麼一個詞”。好像是有點兒邪惡之意的詞。

Schadenfreude (/ˈʃɑːdənfrɔɪdə/; German: [ˈʃaːdn̩ˌfʀɔɪ̯də] ( listen)) is pleasure derived from the misfortunes of others.^[1]This word is taken from German and literally means 'harm-joy.' It is the feeling of joy or pleasure when one sees another fail or suffer misfortune. It is also borrowed by some other languages.

English equivalents[edit]

Little-used English words synonymous with schadenfreude derive from the Greek word, epichairekakia (ἐπιχαιρεκακία, first attested in Aristotle^[2]).^[3][4] Nathan Bailey's 18th-century Universal Etymological English Dictionary, for example, contains an entry for epicharikaky that gives its etymology as a compound of ἐπί epi (upon), χαρά chara (joy), and κακόνkakon (evil).^[5][6] A popular modern collection of rare words, however, gives its spelling as epicaricacy.^[7]

An English expression with a similar meaning is Roman holiday, a metaphor from the poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage byGeorge Gordon, Lord Byron, where a gladiator in Ancient Rome expects to be "butchered to make a Roman holiday" while the audience would take pleasure from watching his suffering. The term suggests debauchery and disorder in addition to sadistic enjoyment.^[8]

Another phrase with a meaning similar to Schadenfreude is "morose delectation" ("delectatio morosa" in Latin), meaning, "The habit of dwelling with enjoyment on evil thoughts".^[9] The medieval church taught that morose delectation was a sin.^[10][11] French writer Pierre Klossowski maintained that the appeal of sadism is morose delectation.^[12][13]

An English word of similar meaning is gloating, where gloat means "to observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight" (gloat over an enemy's misfortune).^[14] Gloating is differentiated from Schadenfreude in that it does not necessarily require malice (one may gloat to a friend about having defeated him in a game without ill intent) and that it describes an action rather than a state of mind (one typically gloats to the subject of the misfortune or to a third party).

Related words[edit]

The term compersion, taking joy in the joy of loved ones, is generally considered an antonym of schadenfreude.

In Chinese, the phrase "幸災樂禍" literally

translates to take "joy in calamity and

delight in disaster", and serves the same

meaning as schadenfreude.

以色列海法大學研究發現兩歲兒童已懂幸災樂禍