Wiki 对Republic的描述

A republic (from Latin: res publica) is a sovereign state or country^[1] which is organised with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body^[2][3] and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. In modern times, the definition of a republic is commonly limited to a government which excludes a monarch.^[3][

Currently, 147 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word "republic" as part of their official names; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor do all nations with elected governments use the word "republic" in their names.

Wiki对古Republic的描述 Other ancient republics

In the ancient Near East, a number of cities of the Eastern Mediterranean achieved collective rule. Arwad has been cited as one of the earliest known examples of a republic, in which the people, rather than a monarch, are described as sovereign.Republic一词源于拉丁文，意指“人民的国家” - 大坏人！嘿嘿与冬冬&皮肤重新论“共和”的正确翻译

Monarch 的定义

1. (Government, Politics & Diplomacy) a sovereign head of state, esp a king, queen, or emperor, who rules usually by hereditary right

2. a supremely powerful or pre-eminent person or thing

3. (Animals) Also called: milkweed a large migratory butterfly, Danaus plexippus, that has orange-and-black wings and feeds on the milkweed plant: family Danaidae

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/monarch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic#Classical_republics