日本英語Jenglish講座----3.詞法及詞彙

錢多

3.1 詞法和語法

詞法在語法書裡經常歸併到語法裡面,這也是可以的.就看寫的細不細.其實前稿寫的那些語法問題里,有的就是詞法的問題,比如2.9.

所以,這裡不準備詳細地寫詞法,只舉一個新的重要的例子,把篇幅留給詞彙問題.

3.2 Jenglish詞法的一例∶一切和"變化"有關的都可以用become表示

Soon it began to become dark.
She was becoming mad.
It becomes 3,000 Yen.
(這是店員告訴你應該付款3000日元.在計算過程中,數字是要變化的,所以說"變成3000日元",而不是他主觀地向你索取3000日元,屬於禮貌用法.)

3.3 Jenglish的詞彙

大部分和English相同,但是仍有很大一部分和English有出入甚至完全不同.

有出入的原因很難一概而論,但是主要原因來自日語外來詞的影響,這是毫無疑問的.而外來詞的影響的細節又是紛繁複雜的,讓我們以Hotchkiss(訂書器,stapler)為例考察一下.

Hotchkiss是美國人名或者說公司名,也可以說是商標名.Eli Hubbell Hotchkiss和George Hotchkiss兩個人1895年在美國創立的Hotchkiss公司最先發明了訂書器,在美國以Hotchkiss為商標出售.後來,這個詞在美國被逐漸廢除,代之以stapler,但是在日本,大概由於這個詞的日式發音非常好聽,一直延續下來.今天,終於成了Jenglish中一個有名的單詞.

可見,Jenglish特有的單詞形成的原因,主要是這個詞在日語或者英語中的變化.其他不太重要原因還有很多,比如來自引自德語法語的外來詞,就不作特別說明了.下面舉出100個常用單詞,說明Jenglish與English在詞彙上的不同.等號左邊的是Jenglish,等號右邊的是English.

3.4 Jenglish的詞彙∶特有單詞50例

1.accel =accelerator
2.ankate =questionnaire
3.arbeit =part-time job
4.avec =a couple
5.autobi =motorcycle
6.bed town =bedroom town
7.brake oil =brake fluid
8.camping car =camper
9.chack =zipper, fastener
10.cheer girl =cheerleader, pom-pom girl
11.chou cream =cream puff
12.classic =classical music
13.coin laundry =launderette
14.cooler =air conditioner
15.corn beef =corned beef
16.depart =department store
17.four ball =(棒球用語)walk, pass
18.game center =amusement arcade
19.gom =rubber
20.guts pose =victory pose
21.high teen =late teens
22.hotchkiss =stapler
23.hamburg =hamburger
24.Igiris = UK
25.infla =inflation
26.jet coaster =roller coaster
27.mishin =sewing machine
28.morning call =wake-up call
29.nighter =night game
30.office lady =a woman office worker
31.pair look =his and hers
32.pan =bread
33.pocket bell =beeper, pager
34.prin =pudding
35.recycle shop =thrift shop, secondhand store
36.roll pan =(麵包類食品)roll
37.salary man =office worker
38.shoe cream =cream puff
39.shutter chance =the perfect moment to take a picture
40.sun glass =sunglasses
41.table speech =after dinner speech
42.televi game =video game
43.thema song =theme song
44.trump =cards(撲克)
45.two shot =a picture of two people
46.ultra c =difficult exercises
47.Viking =smorga????ord
48.woman lib =women's liberation
49.X'mas =Christmas, Xmas
50.Y-shirt =shirt

3.5 Jenglish的詞彙∶與English同形不同義的單詞50例

1.apart =apartment house
2.April Fool =April Fool's Day
3.after service =after-sale service
4.back mirror =rear view mirror
5.back net =backstop
6.black eyes =dark eyes
7.blind touch =touch-type
8.book cover =book jacket
9.boss =big shot
10.cider =soda pop
11.consent =wall socket, outlet
12.claim =complaints(from customers)
13.cream pan =cream bun
14.cream pao =cream bun
15.cunning =cheating(考試作弊,打小抄)
16.decoration cake =fancy cake
17.dump car =dump truck, dumper truck
18.engage ring =engagement ring
19.front =1.front, 2.reception desk
20.front glass =windshield
21.fry pan =frying pan
22.gasoline stand =service station
23.glamour = sexy, with a sexy body
24.golden hour =prime time
25.guard man =guard
26.half coat =half length coat
27.handle =steering wheel
28.health meter =bathroom scales
29.hot cake =pancake
30.image change =make over
31.key holder =key ring
32.magic 1.=magic, 2.=magic number
33.magic ink =marker, felt pen
34.mania =maniac
35.mansion =apartment house(美),flats(英)
36.morning service =breakfast special
37.naive =sensitive
38.one piece =one piece dress
39.over throw =overhand throw
40.paper test =written test
41.pension =resort inn
42.sand bag =punching bag
43.running home run =inside-the-park home run
44.sea chiken =tuna
45.sharp pencil =mechanical pencil
46.shoot =screw ball
47.sign =autograph
48.silver seat =priority seating
49.smart =slim
50.under throw =submarine