日本英语Jenglish讲座----3.词法及词汇

钱多

3.1 词法和语法

词法在语法书里经常归并到语法里面,这也是可以的.就看写的细不细.其实前稿写的那些语法问题里,有的就是词法的问题,比如2.9.

所以,这里不准备详细地写词法,只举一个新的重要的例子,把篇幅留给词汇问题.

3.2 Jenglish词法的一例∶一切和"变化"有关的都可以用become表示

Soon it began to become dark.
She was becoming mad.
It becomes 3,000 Yen.
(这是店员告诉你应该付款3000日元.在计算过程中,数字是要变化的,所以说"变成3000日元",而不是他主观地向你索取3000日元,属于礼貌用法.)

3.3 Jenglish的词汇

大部分和English相同,但是仍有很大一部分和English有出入甚至完全不同.

有出入的原因很难一概而论,但是主要原因来自日语外来词的影响,这是毫无疑问的.而外来词的影响的细节又是纷繁复杂的,让我们以Hotchkiss(订书器,stapler)为例考察一下.

Hotchkiss是美国人名或者说公司名,也可以说是商标名.Eli Hubbell Hotchkiss和George Hotchkiss两个人1895年在美国创立的Hotchkiss公司最先发明了订书器,在美国以Hotchkiss为商标出售.后来,这个词在美国被逐渐废除,代之以stapler,但是在日本,大概由于这个词的日式发音非常好听,一直延续下来.今天,终于成了Jenglish中一个有名的单词.

可见,Jenglish特有的单词形成的原因,主要是这个词在日语或者英语中的变化.其他不太重要原因还有很多,比如来自引自德语法语的外来词,就不作特别说明了.下面举出100个常用单词,说明Jenglish与English在词汇上的不同.等号左边的是Jenglish,等号右边的是English.

3.4 Jenglish的词汇∶特有单词50例

1.accel =accelerator
2.ankate =questionnaire
3.arbeit =part-time job
4.avec =a couple
5.autobi =motorcycle
6.bed town =bedroom town
7.brake oil =brake fluid
8.camping car =camper
9.chack =zipper, fastener
10.cheer girl =cheerleader, pom-pom girl
11.chou cream =cream puff
12.classic =classical music
13.coin laundry =launderette
14.cooler =air conditioner
15.corn beef =corned beef
16.depart =department store
17.four ball =(棒球用语)walk, pass
18.game center =amusement arcade
19.gom =rubber
20.guts pose =victory pose
21.high teen =late teens
22.hotchkiss =stapler
23.hamburg =hamburger
24.Igiris = UK
25.infla =inflation
26.jet coaster =roller coaster
27.mishin =sewing machine
28.morning call =wake-up call
29.nighter =night game
30.office lady =a woman office worker
31.pair look =his and hers
32.pan =bread
33.pocket bell =beeper, pager
34.prin =pudding
35.recycle shop =thrift shop, secondhand store
36.roll pan =(面包类食品)roll
37.salary man =office worker
38.shoe cream =cream puff
39.shutter chance =the perfect moment to take a picture
40.sun glass =sunglasses
41.table speech =after dinner speech
42.televi game =video game
43.thema song =theme song
44.trump =cards(扑克)
45.two shot =a picture of two people
46.ultra c =difficult exercises
47.Viking =smorga????ord
48.woman lib =women's liberation
49.X'mas =Christmas, Xmas
50.Y-shirt =shirt

3.5 Jenglish的词汇∶与English同形不同义的单词50例

1.apart =apartment house
2.April Fool =April Fool's Day
3.after service =after-sale service
4.back mirror =rear view mirror
5.back net =backstop
6.black eyes =dark eyes
7.blind touch =touch-type
8.book cover =book jacket
9.boss =big shot
10.cider =soda pop
11.consent =wall socket, outlet
12.claim =complaints(from customers)
13.cream pan =cream bun
14.cream pao =cream bun
15.cunning =cheating(考试作弊,打小抄)
16.decoration cake =fancy cake
17.dump car =dump truck, dumper truck
18.engage ring =engagement ring
19.front =1.front, 2.reception desk
20.front glass =windshield
21.fry pan =frying pan
22.gasoline stand =service station
23.glamour = sexy, with a sexy body
24.golden hour =prime time
25.guard man =guard
26.half coat =half length coat
27.handle =steering wheel
28.health meter =bathroom scales
29.hot cake =pancake
30.image change =make over
31.key holder =key ring
32.magic 1.=magic, 2.=magic number
33.magic ink =marker, felt pen
34.mania =maniac
35.mansion =apartment house(美),flats(英)
36.morning service =breakfast special
37.naive =sensitive
38.one piece =one piece dress
39.over throw =overhand throw
40.paper test =written test
41.pension =resort inn
42.sand bag =punching bag
43.running home run =inside-the-park home run
44.sea chiken =tuna
45.sharp pencil =mechanical pencil
46.shoot =screw ball
47.sign =autograph
48.silver seat =priority seating
49.smart =slim
50.under throw =submarine