川普是否能在明年1月6日的國會上推翻選舉人團的總統選舉結果?1877年的選舉歷史是否會重演?至少,法律框架是允許這種爭議的。下面是 ballotpedia.org 網站上的描述:
Specifically, during the session one member of the U.S. House and one member of the U.S. Senate must submit a written objection after the body reads the vote count from a particular state or D.C.
Once a House member and Senator submit an objection, the two chambers of Congress separate to debate for two hours and to vote on whether to continue counting the votes in light of the objection. Both chambers must vote by a simple majority to concur with the objection for it to stand, otherwise the objection fails.
If both chambers of Congress affirm the objection and the objection results in no one candidate receiving the necessary 270-vote Electoral College majority, the 12th Amendment dictates a congressional process for selecting a president and vice president. The House of Representatives votes to elect the new president. As a bloc, members of the House cast one vote per state, choosing between the three candidates who received the most Electoral College votes. The Senate votes to elect the Vice President, casting one vote per senator.[1]
第一步,眾院與參院各有至少一名議員對選舉人團的結果提出反對。兩院分別進行2小時協商。
第二步,兩院就反對案投票表決。
第三步,如果反對案在兩院的表決都獲得通過,按照憲法第12條修正案的規定,眾議院以州為單位,各州在三個獲選票最多的議員中選出一個代表,然後以每州一票的方式表決選出總統,參議院以同樣方式選出副總統。
今年的問題是,在兩院中各找一人提出反對案是完全可行的。問題是第二步,因為眾議院的大多數是由民主黨組成。除非有民主黨議員違背黨的意願對反對案投下贊成票,否則反對案就在眾議院被否決了。
假如確有民主黨的眾議員以個人意願投票贊成反對案,那麼這場戲可以繼續唱下去。
雖然民主黨在眾議院占據整體上的大多數席位,但以州為單位,共和黨占優勢的州數領先。因此川普可以在眾議院投票中勝出。
假如川普真以這種方式得以連任,那將是一個歷史上的先例。它的意義在於國會在某黨占州數上領先的前提下,直接甩開總統選舉人團來決定誰當總統。選舉人團將形同虛設,而當選的總統也只對議會負責了。這是一個政治體制的變化,美國將由總統制的體制變成代議體制。