教會神化論應該擯棄!——咔嚓因信稱義的馬丁路得、三一神的奧古斯丁等古聖賢
受恩典幫助的人不再僅僅是人而已;神的恩典賜予他神的形像並神化了他,以致聖經也稱他為『神』和『神的兒子』。
《聖彼德與聖保羅之日的講道》(1519)
正如神的話成了肉身,所以肉身成為話也是必須的。話成了肉身,正是為了叫肉身能成為話。換言之,神成為人,為叫人成為神。所以,剛強的成為軟弱的,為叫軟弱的能成為剛強的。話穿上了我們的形像和樣式。
1514年聖誕節的講道
亞他那修名言:神成為人,為使人成為神
(即“神化”,英文Deification、希臘文Theosis)
今天傳統基督教相信的《亞他拿修信經》,相傳出自他的手筆。
他因自己多次的放逐經驗,著《安東尼傳》,對基督徒的修道主義有深遠影響。
他在《致馬爾克路書》中藉(詩篇)“找到自己的生活經驗和感情影子”成為個人靈修生活的見證。
他在《道成肉身》,以“基督成為人,為教我們得成聖”為他基本觀點,並對“三位一體”教義,貢獻良多。
下面是亞他那修陳述的“神化”
the Word was made flesh, not only to offer up this body for all, but that we partaking of his Spirit, might be deified, a gift which we could not otherwise have gained than by his clothing himself in our created body; for hence we derive our name of 'man of God' and 'man of Christ'. And as we by receiving the Spirit, do not lose our own proper substance, so the Lord when made man for us, and bearing a body, was no less God; for he was not lessened by the envelopment of the body, but rather deified it and rendered it immortal.
“道成肉身”(約翰1:14)的目的乃是要叫他為所有的人所獻(為祭),好叫我們這些領受祂(聖)靈(Spirit)的人能夠被神化(divinized)。除非藉由祂穿上我們受造的身體,我們無法得到這個恩典。所以,我們得以被稱為“(屬)神的子民”和“在基督里的人”。正如我們接受(聖)靈(Spirit)的人,並沒有失去我們本身的性質(idian ousian,指人性),所以主為了我們的緣故成為一個人,披上了一個身體,並不比神(God,大寫,獨一的真神)小一樣。祂(He, 大寫,指神的兒子)並不因為被身體遮藏而降卑,反而使它神化(deified)並使它不朽。
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The grace of God came to you and ‘gave you the power to become the sons of God’ (John 1:12). Hear the voice of my Father saying, ‘I have said, you are gods and all of you children of the Most High’ (Ps. 82:6). Since then they are men, and the sons of men, if they are not the children of the Most High,, they are lairs, for, ‘all men are lairs’ (Ps. 116:11). If they are the sons of God, if they have been redeemed by the Saviour’s grace, if purchased with the precious blood, if born again of water and of the Spirit, if predestinated to be the inheritance of heave, then indeed they are children of God. And so thereby are gods. What then would a lie have to do with you? Fro Adam was a mere man; Christ, man and God; God, the Creator of all creation. Adam a mere man, the man Christ, the mediator with God, the only Son of the Father, the God-man. You, O man, are far from God, and God is far above man; between them the God man placed himself. Acknowleddge Christ and by him as man ascend up to God.
神的恩典臨及你們,賜於你們‘成為神兒眾子(複數,sons)的能力’(約翰1:12)。請聽我父的聲音,‘我曾說:你們是神,都是至高者的兒子。(詩篇82:6)’因着他們是人,是人的兒子(複數,sons),如果他們還不是至高者的兒子,他們就是撒謊的(詩篇116:11)。如果他們是神兒眾子(複數,sons),如果他們是救主的恩典贖回來的,如果他們是由寶血買回來的,如果他們是從水和靈重生的,如果他們是預定要承受天(國)的,那麼他們就是神的兒女。就是神(複數,gods)。那些謊言跟你們又有何干呢?亞當只是一個人;基督,是人又神;神,萬物的創造者。你,哦人,是遠離神的,神也是遠離人;而神人(指基督)把他自己放在他們之間。你要承認基督,借着他,人被升高到神那裡去。
Serm. 81.6, Pg 38.503, NPNF, Augustine of Hippo – 奧古斯丁