神學生必讀書目
A CLASSIC SEMINARY BOOK LIST
林慈信 -- 中華展望
Samuel Ling - China Horizon
Email: sling@chinahorizon.org
www.chinahorizon.org 中文網站﹕http://samling.ccim.org
2003年1月修訂
CONTENTS 目錄
Bible Versions and Study Bibles 聖經版本﹐研經版聖經
Bible Study Aids 查經法﹐查經材料
How to Interpret the Bible 釋經
Bible Dictionaries 聖經辭典
Bible Commentaries 聖經注釋
Topical Analysis of the Bible 出題匯編
Theological Dictionaries 神學辭典
Bible Surveys 聖經綜覽
Bible Introduction (Background) 聖經入門
(Evangelical) Biblical Theology 聖經神學
Doctrine: Creeds, Catechisms and Study Guides
教義﹕信條﹐信仰告白﹐信仰問答
Textbooks on Systematic Theology 系統神學教科書
Systematic Theology: Themes 系統神學﹕分題
Church History 教會歷史
Apologetics 護教學
Modern Thought and Modern Theology 現代思潮﹐現代神學
Postmodernism and Paganism 後現代﹐異教
Pastoral Ministry and Counseling 教牧學﹐聖經輔導
Evangelism and Discipleship 布道﹐門徒訓練
Missions, Culture, Anthropology 宣教學﹐文化人類學
Audiotapes and Videotapes 錄音帶﹐錄像帶
Bookstores, Wholesale Distributors, Publishers 書店﹐出版社
Periodicals 期刊
Distributors of Audiotapes and Videotapes 錄音帶﹐錄像帶出售處
Theological Seminaries 神學院
神學生必讀書目
A CLASSIC SEMINARY BOOK LIST
建立一個基督徒的神學基礎須要一生的努力。有一部分人借着進神學院進修達到這目的﹔可是有很多人沒有這個機會。不幸的是﹐很多神學院畢業聖賓沒有為自己的神學(信仰)打好根基﹔很多神學院在這方面失敗了。不過﹐你還是可以開始這個旅程﹐為自己設計一個對事奉有幫助的神學課程。這須要你犧牲時間﹐和長期的努力。可是這是值得的投資﹐給你信仰和事奉建立穩固的基礎。
Building one’s own theological foundation is a life time task. It may involve going to seminary, or it may not. Sadly, very often a seminary degree does not mean a solid foundation in Bible doctrine. However you can launch out on your own seminary education. It will involve effort and sacrifice of time. But it is most rewarding, and most importantly, it strengthens your faith and your ministry.
我們先要處理一個錯誤的觀念﹐就是﹐很多人只喜歡看新書﹐買新書﹐尤其是罪暢銷的書。事實上﹐新出版的書不一定比古舊的書好﹐不一定經得起時間的考驗﹐不一定最有智慧。史托特曾經勸告神學生們﹐要從舊書中尋找智慧。巴刻同樣地告訴我們﹐要從最經得起歷史考驗的智慧泉源吸取心靈的營養。初步入門的﹐要好好聽勸﹗
New books are not always better than old books. John Stott (史托特) and J.I. Packer (巴刻) advise the reader to drink from the foundations of ripe, mature theology handed down through the centuries. Let the beginner take heed!
一個完備而合乎>的信仰系統是一個整體﹐可以從不同地方入手。
你可以先好好的細讀>的書卷﹔或者﹐從學習系統神學開始。你可以先用一些好的參考書來幫助你準備主日學或查經辦﹐如譯本有份量的聖經辭典。或者﹐你可以跟着譯本聖經入門 (聖經綜覽) 和一本聖經教科書來讀經。
You can begin at a number of points, since a theological system is a comprehensive whole made up of many parts. You may start with a serious study of each book of the Bible; or by studying systematic theology. You may begin by using reference works (e.g. theological dictionaries) to supplement your preparation for Sunday School classes and Bible studies; or you may choose to follow a Bible survey or a Bible textbook.
BIBLE VERSIONS AND STUDY BIBLES 聖經版本﹐研讀版聖經
一個有益的讀經生活﹐是建立紮實的信仰根基的起點。
Christians need to make the most out of their personal devotions. Building a theological foundation can begin here!
目前英語世界的基督徒﹐很多愛用>﹐不過這裡面不無問題。將來出版的>﹐可能採用女權主義的詞彙 (英文稱為 inclusive language) 。我個人已經從>改回用> ( NASB)﹔ 後者
可能沒有>那麼流暢﹐可是卻對原為的字句更忠實。不妨到附近的基督教書店逛一逛﹐有時可以買到很便宜的> (美金六塊就可以買到) 。可以為你的主日學的學生購買﹐讓人手一冊﹗
Although most Christians are now using The New International Version (NIV﹐ 新國際版) of the Bible, there are problems. A British edition of the NIV has been published, using “inclusive language.” I have recently switched back to the New American Standard Bible (NASB). It may not read as smoothly as the NIV, but it is more accurate to the original words of ????ure. If you shop carefully at your local Christian bookstore, there may be a very inexpensive version of the NASB (as low as US $6), which you may buy for your entire Sunday School class/Bible study group. Recently the English Standard Version (ESV) has gained the support of a good number of Bible-believing Christians. It is almost as readable as NIV, and as faithful to the original as the NASB.
中文讀者除了>(1919) 以外﹐可以考慮> ﹔翻
譯原則有一點像>。>與>是兩本不同的>。後者是意譯的﹐採用的原則與英文的Good News Bible 相似。
For Chinese readers, I recommend both the Union Version (和合本) and the newer New Chinese Bible (Zhong wen xin yi ben中文新譯本), which is somewhat patterned after The NASB. Do not confuse the New Chinese Bible (a translation) with Xian dai zhong wen yi ben 現代中文譯本, which is the Chinese version of The Good New Bible (only a paraphrase).
可以用英文讀>者應考慮用> (以前稱>)。這本研讀本>提供不少的解釋與專文﹐以十六世紀的宗教改革運動的精神﹐幫助讀者建立紮實的信仰根基。我個人認為﹐這本>可以與靈修聖經一起並用﹐必定有很大的收穫。
A solid tool to accompany your Bible study is The Reformation Bible (former name: The New Geneva Study Bible, Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson / Foundation for Reformation, 1995; you can order from Ligonier Ministries, P.O. Box 547500 Orlando FL 32854; 407 333 4244 or 800 435 4343; Fax 407 333 4233). The notes and the special articles all seek to build a solid theological foundation from the historic, 16th century Reformational perspective. If we complement this with the Life Application Bible (Tyndale and Zondervan, 1988), we will have two tools to build solid, practical Bible studies and sermons.
中文聖經中﹐>是最佳的選擇﹐更新傳道會出版。有足夠的學術水準﹐同時實際的幫助讀者明白經文的意義。與其他幫助基督徒靈修的聖經是有不同。
For Chinese readers, the NIV Study Bible published by Christian Renewal Ministries (Sheng jing: xin guo ji ban yan du ben 聖經﹕新國際版研讀本, or The CRM Study Bible, Milltown, NJ: Christian Renewal Ministries, 1996) is the most complete study Bible. This Bible gives you background and guides you to understand the meaning and content of the Bible.
另外一本是由早期的中國神學研究院講師編寫的﹕ >(香港﹕證主﹐1987)。每一頁的下半頁都有查經的問題﹐讓讀者好好的回到經文去找答案。(沒有答案﹐只有問題﹗)
Another helpful Chinese tool is the study Bible edited by China Graduate School of Theology’s faculty: Sheng jing: chuan zhu zhu xi ben 聖經﹕ 串珠注釋本 [The Bible: CGST Study Edition] (Hong Kong: Christian Communications Ltd., 1987). The bottom half of every page is shaded in gray, and packed with thought-provoking questions (no answers, just questions!).
更新傳道會最近在出版>﹐是讀經者的好消息﹔有很多實際的應用提示。
Christian Renewal Ministries has recently published The Quest Bible in Chinese.
這裡介紹的聖經﹐都是幫助你在嚴謹研究聖經上的工具。市面上還有其他的聖經﹐如>和>等。>英文版的譯者是泰來博士﹐他翻譯聖經原來的目的﹐是為家裡孩子們在家庭靈修時用的。>與>都是意譯的版本。
The ones I have listed are aimed at building one’s theological foundations.
There are other study Bibles for devotional use. For example, The Living Bible (當代聖經)or its newer edition, The New Living Translation (Tyndale House), as well as the very popular Good News Bible (American Bible Society), are paraphrases, not translations. They are helpful for you to get a contemporary twist to the text, but do not rely on them to give you the accurate meaning of the text. In fact, Dr. Kenneth Taylor originally did The Living Bible translation to help his elementary-school age children to understand the Bible.
福音派以外還有其他的版本﹐如美國教協(NCC) 的 RSV 和 NRSV。天主教
則出版 了> (JB) 。
Non-evangelical translations, which can be scholarly, should be used for reference only: e.g. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV—National Council of Churches USA); The New English Bible (Oxford University Press/Cambridge University Press); The New Jerusalem Bible (Roman Catholic); and The New American Bible (Roman Catholic).
>出版之前﹐在歷史上有兩次重要的翻譯﹕1880 年代的 RV﹐ 與 1900 年代的上 ASV。近年來﹐英語世界出版了 > (原稱>) ﹐採用的是新鑑定版 (NKJV) ﹐ 英文比較古老﹐可是
一本信仰可靠的工具書。
Two older translations formed the background to the NASB, and are very solid and reliable: The Revised Version (RV) of the 1880’s, and The American Standard Version (ASV) of the 1900’s. The Reformation Bible is based on The New King James Version (NKJV), which patterns itself after the King James Version of the 1610s – archaic sounding, but quite good.
英文與中文讀者需要留意﹐異端也出版聖經﹐如李常受地方教會運動 (出
版社名水流職事站) 最近出版了>。耶和華見證人 (守望台) 的聖
經名> ( New World Translation ) ﹐這些翻譯本都屬正統基督教
範圍以外。
Both Chinese and English Bible readers should be aware that The Restoration Bible (hui fu ban﹐ 恢復本) is published by The Living Stream Ministries (shui liu zhi shi zhan 水流職事站), operated by the cult commonly known as The Local Church Movement, begun by the late Witness Lee. Another cultic Bible is The New World Translation, published by The Watchtower Society 守望台 (Jehovah’s Witnesses 耶和華見證人). College students often receive a copy of the New Testament of this translation on campuses.
BIBLE STUDY AIDS 查經技巧﹐材料
讓我們介紹一些能刺激你的思想﹐嚴謹研究聖經的工具書。
To help you in your Bible study, I would recommend works which stimulate your thinking.
我認為查經工具書中對學生最有幫助的﹐是> (三卷﹐ 香港﹕
證主﹐1972﹐1980﹐ 1982)。對每一段經文﹐都提出兩套問題。書中並不提供答案
﹗在查經書中﹐這可能是最難用的一本﹐可是值得花時間去使用。按照問題回到經文去找答案﹐然後把答案寫出來﹐就差不多有一篇講章﹐或一課查經/主日學了﹗
The best tool is Search the ????ures (London: Inter Varsity Press, 1949), which has been translated into Chinese as Yan Jing Ri Ke 研經日課 (Hong Kong: Christian Communications Ltd., 1972, 1980, 1982; 3 volumes). Two sets of questions are given for every passage from Genesis to Revelation. No answers, just questions! This is probably the most difficult book in its category, but well worth your diligent effort in digging into the Word of God. When you have adequately and correctly answered the two questions for every passage, you almost have a sermon/Bible study lesson ready!
另外一本﹐與>一樣是寫給大學生讀經用的﹐就是清晨靜思主話>> (香港﹕種籽﹐ 1976-1981﹐四卷)。每一段經文的研讀問題比較多﹐也比較淺易。我的建議是﹕與>一起用。
Another book in the same category is This Morning With God (IVP), and the Chinese translation is Qing Chen Jing Si Zhu Hua (Hong Kong: Seed Press, 1976-1981; 4 volumes). There are a greater number of questions for each passage; and they are easier to answer. I would use this book in conjunction with Search the ????ures.
對不能找到上述兩套書的信徒們﹐導航會與 Inter Varsity Press 都出版了一套套的查經書﹐可供個人靈修或查經小組用。我很喜歡導航會出版的 Lifechange Series 那一套。好的查經書 (或小書) ﹐必定是指引讀者回到經文去找原意的。
For those who cannot get hold of either volume, The Navigators 導航會 (Navpress) as well as Inter Varsity Press have been producing series after series of Bible study guides. I have particularly enjoyed using The “Lifechange Series” published by Navpress. These are guides which points you to open the Bible and find the answers to the study questions.
查經班的負責人和主日學教員常常自行編制教材﹐其實 “專家” 們花了多年時間編好這麼多系列的查經材料﹐我們大可以採購使用。除了導航會﹐IVP以外﹐校園﹐華神﹐香港基督徒學生福音團契﹐讀經會等都出版這類材料。
Very often Bible study group leaders and Sunday School teachers try to gather many books and create their own lessons each week. This can be very unwise and unproductive, since the “experts” have already done the homework, and produced solid series of Bible study guides. My recommendation is to follow one book each quarter for your Bible study group, such as the “Lifechange” series by Navpress, or any number of paperback guides from Inter Varsity Press. Increasingly, similar sets of booklets are available from Taiwan and Hong Kong, e.g. Campus Evangelical Fellowship, China Evangelical Seminary.
選購查經材料時要注意﹐該書是否只鼓勵討論與分享﹖還是真正帶領讀者有系統的進入經文尋找真理﹐找出查經問題的答案﹖一本好的查經書所提供的問題﹐應該有一半以上是觀察方面和解釋方面的問題 (而不都是應用方面的問題) ﹐帶領讀者好好的探索經文。
One criterion to keep in mind, when you shop for Bible study guides in the bookstore, is: Does this guide merely encourage group discussion? Does this guide merely encourage people to open up themselves and talk about their experiences, including hurts and pains? Or does this guide primarily point the group members to explore the text of the Bible? Is there a balance between “observation” and “interpretation” questions, on the one hand (which forces the reader to grapple with the text), and “application” and “ice-breaker” questions, on the other (which brings the Bible to our own situation)? A study guide which does not have a solid portion (at least half) of study questions in the “observation” and “interpretation” category, may be wasting your group members’ precious time.
HOW TO INTERPRET THE BIBLE 釋經
For decades in the 20th century, T. Norton Sterrett’s How to Understand Your Bible (Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity Press, 1974) was a standard evangelical text, for Sunday School, Bible studies and Bible college classes. The Chinese translation is: Ru he ming bai sheng jing > (Taipei: China Sunday School Association 台北﹕中國主日學協會). This book asks the student to use an English Bible and an English dictionary to look up the meaning of words. It does not point the student to Greek or Hebrew study aids. Thus, it is easy to use for the beginner. This book belongs to the generation when evangelicals were not running to the non-evangelicals for guidance, and when evangelicals really believed, and emphasized, the fact that the Bible was inspired by the Holy Spirit. (With the advent of neo-evangelicalism, scholars are shying away from emphasizing the doctrinal unity of ????ure, leaning toward highlighting the historical progression and the variety of literary genres reflected in the various books of the Bible. Newer books, such as the very popular How To Understand The Bible For All Its Worth, by Gordon Fee and others >, conveniently skips over the doctrine of inspiration, and immediately points the reader to the various kinds of literature in the Bible – a dangerous move).
An older text on hermeneutics (the science of interpreting the Bible) is Louis Berkhof’s Principles of Bilbical Interpretation (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 釋經學原理 - 香港﹕浸信會出版社). More recent books on interpretation have been written by R.C. Sproul and John Stott. Shorter works in Chinese include A. Stibbs’ Understanding God’s Word > (Milltown, NJ: Christian Renewal Ministries, 1975). Bernard Ramm’s Protestant Bible Interpretation (Ji du jiao shi jing xue 蘭姆﹐>) is less conservative, and more broadly appealing. Though it sells better than Berkhof, I would still recommend the Sunday School teacher to work through Berkhof, supplemented by Stott and Sproul’s paperbacks.
Dan Doriani’s Getting the Message (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed, 1996) is a fresh, dynamic approach to Bible interpretation which is faithful to the inspiration and authority of ????ure, and in dialogue with contemporary theories of interpretation. Doriani also balances concerns of the heart with those of the mind. Consider using this along with Berkhof, Stott and Sproul!
BIBLE DICTIONARIES 聖經辭典
>﹐是我認為幫助基督徒查考>的最重要工具書。當你準備查經或主日學時﹐最好閱讀>里對一些關鍵性的詞的解釋﹐如﹕犧牲﹐聖典﹐教會﹐愛﹐公義﹐信心﹐稱義﹐默示等。另外﹐可以每天抽出一點時間﹐讀一篇﹐實在能使你在對>認識的深度有所長進。
The one single volume which I think a Christian should purchase to supplement his/her Bible is The New Bible Dictionary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans; originally published by Inter Varsity Press, 1962); Chinese translation: Sheng Jing Xin Ci Dian > (2 volumes; Hong Kong: 天道Tien Dao, 1993, 1997). When you are preparing for a Bible study lesson/sermon, look up the most significant (heavy) doctrinal words in the dictionary, e.g.: sacrifice 犧牲, temple 聖殿, church 教會, love 愛, righteousness 公義, faith 信心, justification 稱義, inspiration 默示, God 神, etc. Also, read one article a day during a spare moment (before you go to bed!)! It will really enrich your understanding of what God’s Word teaches.
>乃按1982第二版翻譯的﹐雖然昂貴﹐可是值得投資。應該經常使用﹗最近香港的啟創 (Almega) 已出版光碟版本。
The Chinese version, based on the 1982 2nd edition, is expensive, but well worth the investment. You need to learn to use it regularly! Fortunately, Almega (Hong Kong) has now released this dictionary in CD-Rom format.
>的作者中穩重的有下列 “上一代” 的聖經學者與神學家﹕
The New Bible Dictionary lists all the contributing authors in the front of Volume 1. You can learn to identifythe author of each article. Here are some authors who are solid and reliable, who have written significant articles on doctrinal themes in The New Bible Dictionary:
Leon Morris 莫理昂 – Australian theologian
R. A. France 法蘭士– author of The Living God (Chinese: Ren shi yong sheng shen 着有﹕認識永生神﹐校園 Campus Evangelical Fellowship) and several other books
J. I. Packer 巴刻– wrote the article on “Inspiration” and many others; author of Knowing God, God’s Words, Concise Theology> , Keep in Step with the Spirit >, and The Quest for Godliness, etc.
F. F. Bruce 步魯士– New Testament scholar, for many years professor in Manchester, England; author of The New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable? (IVP)
Donald Guthrie – Bible scholar, London Bible College; author of New Testament Introduction, New Testament Theology.
John Murray 慕理– late professor, Westminster Seminary; his classic works include The Imputation of Adam’s Sin (Presbyterian and Reformed); Redemption Accomplished and Applied 着有﹕> (Eerdmans); Commentary on Romans; and his 4-volume Collected Works of John Murray (Banner of Truth Trust).
R. V. G. Tasker – British author of several commentaries.
J. A. Motyer – British author of several commentaries, esp. in the Tynddale OT/NT commentaries series.
E. J. Young 楊以德 – late Old Testament professor, Westminster Seminary 威敏斯特已
故教授﹐保守派舊約大師; author of Thy Word Is Truth (still in print from Banner of Truth); Studies in Genesis One; Thy Servants the Prophets; a 3-volume commentary on Isaiah; etc. 中文有﹕> (基督教文藝出版社) 。
H. Ridderbos – Dutch Reformed New Testament theologian
J. B. Payne – former professor, Covenant Seminary and Wheaton College.
J. D. Douglas – Scottish church historian; for many years professor at Singapore Bible College; the original general editor of The New Bibel Dictionary!
Meredith Kline – brilliant Old Testament scholar; former professor at Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary and Westminster Seminary.
>好像一個宴席﹐讓你品嘗當代神學大師的著作。不過﹐有時也會遇見一些作者在當代聖經[批判理論面前低頭的﹐如﹕說摩西五經是被擄後才寫成的。所以讀的時候也須謹慎。
The New Bible Dictionary> is an excellent “buffet table” where you can try “nuggets” from the giants listed above. Once in a while, in some of the articles authored by other scholars, one finds objectionable viewpoints, e.g. that parts of the Five Books of Moses were written after the Exile, etc. Let the reader beware.
英文世界裡﹐>以好幾種形式出現。
Note: there are at least three English versions: the original New Bible Dictionary (the cover may look different because of different printings); the Tyndale Illustrated Bible Dictionary (3 volumes); and the New Bible Dictionary: Third Edition. I prefer the first: it is the original, it is the cheapest, and since it is older, it is not as much affected by contemporary theories of biblical criticism. The Tyndale edition is in 3 volumes, and has many illustrations in color. The text is the same as the older version; only the illustrations are new; and the price is rather high.
BIBLE COMMENTARIES 聖經注釋
聖經注釋﹐在準備講章和主日學教材時﹐可以給我們一些幫助﹐叫我們從大處着想。
Commentaries are very useful in giving you balance, an overall view, and things you may overlook in preparing sermons.
My favorite New Testament commentary series is William Hendriksen, The New Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker); it was completed after Hendriksen’s death by Dr. Simon Kistemaker of Reformed Theological Seminary. Hendriksen - Kistemaker is expository and homiletical; that is, the commentary reads like a sermon. There are many helpful outlines, and I Corinthians, in particular, was written by Kistemaker who responded intelligently to contemporary debates, e.g. the place of women in the ministry of the church.
中文聖經注釋里﹐有>單行本 (香港﹕證道﹐1958) 。
The single one-volume Bible commentary most available and most helpful is The New Bible Commentary: Revised (Eerdmans, 1970; Chinese translation was based on original version: The New Commentary, Inter Varsity, 1953; in Chinese: Sheng Jing Xin Shi>, Hong Kong: Christian Witness Press 證道出版社, 1958). It is compact, and does not intend to answer every theological question. But it is a helpful overview of the content of the passage. Remember that this commentary has gone through many editions, including the present 21st century edition. I prefer the older editions, which have not been influenced by contemporary theories of biblical criticism.
Ripe, mature commentaries on the various books of the Bible have been written by Puritans and other church leaders since the 17th century. They have been collected in The Geneva Commentaries, published by Banner of Truth Trust. Also try the one-volume (abridged) Bible commentary by Matthew Henry, or his 6-volume set. It is devotional, and solidly rooted in the Puritan quest to reverently understand God’s Word.
亨利馬太 (Matthew Henry) 的聖經注釋﹐是清教徒運動後期的作品﹐收集
了清教徒的智慧。
Matthew Henry’s commentaries: late Puritan author has gleaned from over 100 years of Puritan wisdom.
Campus Evangelical Fellowship in Taiwan 校園 has been translating and publishing the Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries and Tyndale New Testament Commentaries series > (English original published by Inter Varsity Press). They are very helpful. More recently written commentaries contain evangelical scholar’s dialogue with, and use of, contemporary theories of Bible interpretation.
Some individual Bible commentaries are truly classics: the 3 volume commentary on Isaiah by E.J. Young 楊以德, the 1-volume or 2-volume commentary on Romans by John Murray 慕理, and the 2-volume on The Sermon on the Mount by Martyn Lloyd-Jones 鍾馬田 are tremendous feasts of spiritual wisdom. They are all in print at this point! Martyn Lloyd-Jones has been hailed as the greatest preacher in the 20th century. He has written Bible commentary series on Romans and Ephesians, etc.
The Anchor Bible and other commentary series published by Word and Zondervan put the reader in touch with contemporary debates in Bible background and interpretation. They do not have the same solid, traditional flavor as Hendriksen, Murray, Young and the Puritans.
TOPICAL ANALYSIS OF THE BIBLE 主題匯編
The Topical Analysis of the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1991; subsequently renamed Baker’s Topical Guide to the Bible) was edited by Walter Elwell of Wheaton College. This is an excellent tool, because it is simply an arrangement of Bible verses, all typed out in full, according to an order of doctrine/systematic theology. This is helpful as you study a particular topic or doctrine. Chinese translation was published in 1996 as Zhu Ti Hui Shi Sheng Jing > (Logos Publishers 基道出版社, Unit 1011, Fo Tan Industrial Centre, 26 Au Pui Wan Street, Fo Tan, Shatin, Hong kong, fax 852 2687 0281, 1997).
>已有光碟版本﹐由香港啟創出版。
THEOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES 神學辭典
> - 文章素質與信仰立場參差不齊﹐“編者注” 往往離題。可是﹐參考性高。
The New Dictionary of Theology, edited by Sinclair Ferguson, David F. Wright and J.I. Packer (Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity, 1988) is a standard reference volume for evangelicals. It stands in the center of the evangelical movement, and sometimes somewhat to the left of center. The Chinese equivalent, Dang Dai Shen Xue Ci Dian > (2 volumes, edited by Arnold Yeung 中文編譯本主編﹕楊牧谷), leans further toward the left, and is much more appreciate of the contemporary (non-evangelical) academic scene. For example, while Yeung has added new material to the original English text, he does not always give equal treatment to more conservative views (e.g. his work in the article on “Apologetics” gives almost no attention to evangelicals like Cornelius Van Til 范泰爾 and Carl F. Henry 韓客爾). 編者偏見一例﹕保守派的護教大師﹐如范泰而﹐韓客爾等﹐在 “護教” 一文中一字
不提。
一本信仰立場可靠的神學辭典﹕趙中輝編﹐> (改革宗翻
譯社) ﹐不過可讀性不如其他市面上的神學辭典 。
Yeung’s work should be supplemented by Charles Chao’s A Dictionary of Theological Terms (Shen xue ming ci ci dian 趙中輝﹐>, Reformation Translation Fellowship 改革宗翻譯社, 3rd edition, 1998). Chao is Reformed, and gives a more conservative interpretation of key terms; his writing, however, can be difficult to read. His book is really useful mainly for his solid biblical stance.
Another helpful work is Walter Elwell’s Evangelical Dictionary of Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1984). Elwell has been teaching theology at Wheaton College for many years.
Dr. Colin Brown of Fuller Theological Seminary was editor of The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1975; 4 volumes, including index), the standard work which has taken into account contemporary critical theories. A broader academic volume consulted by students of religion and theology is Gerhard Kittel, ed. (translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley), Theological Dictionary of the Theology of New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964-74, 10 volumes). Fortunately, this has been abridged into one volume, nicknamed the “Little Kittel”: Theological Dictionary of the New Testament: Abridged in One Volume (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1985).
Both give definitions of the word in Greek, along with background in Hebrew and Old Testament usage as well as secular Greek usage. Kittell should not be considered an evangelical work.
A visit to your local seminary library will put you in touch with many other dictionaries of the Bible and dictionaries of theology. Use your discretion! Likewise when you visit your local secular bookstore – the religion section often carries dictionaries of the Bible and dictionaries of theology.
BIBLE SURVEYS 聖經綜覽
For the Old Testament, two one-volume textbooks are conservative and highly readable: Jack Scott, God’s Plan Unfolded (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1976), and Leon Wood, A Survey of Israel’s History (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1970﹔ >). Scott‘s is a clearly covenantal perspective on the Old Testament.
The Christian Education and Publications Committee (Presbyterian Church in America) has published a very substantial series entitled Adult Biblical Education Series (Committee on Christian Education and Publications, 1852 Century Place, Suite 101, Atlanta, GA 30345, 1980). There is one volume introducing the Old Testament; one volume introducing the New Testament; and numerous volumes treating every part of the Bible. Lessons are written out in full, for the benefit of the Sunday School teacher or Bible study leader. Lessons may be too long to be covered in 1 hour; I suggest using one of Scott’s lessons for two sessions. Sometimes Scott will include other materials, e.g. sketches of Church History. Available from the Christian Education and Publications bookstore in Atlanta, Georgia.
BIBLE INTRODUCTION (BACKGROUND) 聖經入門
滕慕理﹐>(香港﹕宣道出版社﹐1976) 。楊以德﹐> (香港﹕基督教文藝出版社﹐可能絕版) 。這兩本信仰立場保守可靠。
Two standard, older evangelical introductions to the background of the Bible were written by Gleason Archer (A Survey of Old Testament Introduction, Chicago, IL: Moody Press, 1964) and Merrill Tenney 滕慕理 (New Testament Survey, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1961). Students at Moody and Trinity have nicknamed Archer’s book “The Yellow Bible,” since Dr. Archer used to examine the students on their memory of the content in it! Tenney is available in Chinese: Xin Yue Zong Lan > (香港﹕宣道出版社 Hong Kong: China Alliance Press, 1976). Edward J. Young 楊 以 德 has also written a solidly conservative introduction to the Old Testament, which is available from the Southeast Asia Theological Education series (Chinese Christian Literature Council 楊以德﹐>﹐ 基督教文藝出版社) . The English original, An Introduction to the Old Testament, is out of print. Try hunting for it through used-book dealers!
一個起步查經的學生﹐應該用一些信仰保守可靠的聖經導論書籍。
My position is: the Bible student should start with a clearly and solidly conservative reference tool such as Young and Archer.
A more scholarly approach is New Testament Introduction by Donald Guthrie of London Bible College (IVP). Guthrie gives an overview of the many theories on a debate, and then seeks to offer reasonable support for the conservative view. This is the kind of approach which contemporary evangelical scholars should, but do not, imitate. Guthrie solidly stands in the evangelical tradition.
Other evangelical scholars who have stood firm in the midst of the academic world include: F. F. Bruce (author of dozens of books) and Dr. Metzger of Princeton Seminary (expert on New Testament textual criticism).
(EVANGLEICAL) BIBLICAL THEOLOGY 聖經神學
Biblical theology 聖經神學 is different from systematic theology 系統神學. While systematic theology asks the question, “What does the entire Bible teach about a particular topic x?,” Biblical theology is the study of themes which God has revealed, at different periods of the history of revelation. For example, studies on the covenant in the Five Books of Moses; the promise of the Messiah in the Old Testament prophets; the kingdom of God in the Gospels; suffering and the age to come in the epistles of Paul; etc. are classic examples of Biblical theology.
Your understanding of the Bible will be greatly enriched through the study of Biblical theology. Another benefit is: you will be amazed how Jesus Christ is really the central figure and focus of the Old Testament.
In my view, an effective worship leader should be a student of Biblical theology, especially Old Testament biblical theology.
Biblical theology is grounded on two beliefs: the historical progression of revelation, and the unity of revelation. Contemporary evangelical Biblical scholars often forget the unity of revelation; e.g. they pitch Jesus (a Hippie-like lover of all people) against Paul (whom they accuse of being a woman-hater). This is the kind of Biblical study which clearly harms the church and erodes the Christian’s confidence in the Bible!
A word of caution: Biblical theology refers to the evangelical study of the history of revelation. This is not to be confused with another movement, the “Biblical theology movement” which is non-evangelical (treated by J.I. Packer 巴刻 in his book, Truth and Power). This non-evangelical type of Biblical theology purports to study what the people of God believed and preached at different points in time; however, these scholars do not necessarily (often they actually do not) believe that the Bible is inspired and inerrant.
The great leader of the evangelical Biblical theology movement – as properly understood by J.I. Packer in Truth and Power – is Dr. Edmund P. Clowney, retired president of Westminster Theological Seminary. You can taste the riches of Biblical theology through Clowney’s book, The Mystery Unveiled, or his older work, Preaching and Biblical Theology. A shorter work by one of the numerous students of Clowney, is Charles Drew, Ancient Love Song: Finding Christ in the Old Testament (Presbyterian and Reformed, 2001).
Standard academic works on Old Testament biblical theology include: Gerhardus Vos, Biblical Theology; Meredith Kline, Treaty of the Great King; and Meredith Kline, The Structure of Biblical Authority. Seminary students are often required to read works on biblical theology by non-evangelicals such as Von Rad and W. Eichrodt.
New Testament biblical theology is best exemplified by the last section in G. Vos, Biblical Theology, and Vos’ other work: Pauline Eschatology. Besides G. Vos, Herman Ridderbos is another name to remember when shopping for books on biblical theology. Ridderbos has a book on Paul. Vos has a shorter book entitled The Coming of the Kingdom.
A French Roman Catholic author has edited a one-volume Dictionary of Biblical Theology, which is very helpful as a supplementary tool.
DOCTRINE: CREEDS, CATECHISMS, STUDY GUIDE
教義﹕信條﹐信仰告白﹐信仰問答
建立信仰根基﹐應當參考歷代教會公認的信條。在宗教改革時期﹐信條最精彩的是1643-47寫成的>﹐和附帶的>與>。後人又根據>寫了>。
17-18世紀的教會裡﹐兒童都須要背誦>﹐乃是堅信培訓 (即
被獲准領聖餐之前) 之必讀課本。今天我們成年人讀>﹐不會
太難﹐也不會太容易﹗巴刻博士在維真學院的神學課程里﹐往往要求學生把>背下來。
To build one’s theological foundation from the beginning, or to teach young people, I suggest two catechisms: The Shorter Catechism with ????ure Proofs (Banner of Truth Trust, 3 Murrayfield Road, Edinburgh EH12 6EL, Scotland; or P O. Box 621, Carlisle, PA 17103, USA; US $1.00) and The First Catechism (Great Commission Publications, 3640 Windsor Park Drive, Suite 100, Suwanee, GA 30024-1800, 1996, 95 cents). Both can be ordered from the CEP bookstore. >﹐ http://samling.ccim.org.
>﹐收在>里﹐而>乃>的教科書﹐中學程度﹐是基督徒讀系統教義的最好入門。
The Shorter Catechism was written by the Westminster Assembly in England(1647), for use in churches to teach their young people Bible doctrine. Since then, it has become the best exposition of Protestant doctrines in history! Dr. J. I. Packer has, on many occasions, required his theology class to memorize all the 100+ answers! For the contemporary adult, we may need a study guide to accompany it: G. I. Williamson, The Shorter Catechism for Study Classes (Phillipsburg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1970; 2 volumes), available from CEP bookstore. Reformation Translation Fellowship has translated this as Ji Du Jiao Yao Dao Chu Jie [First Steps in Christian Doctrine] > (Taipei: Reformation Translation Fellowship 基督教改革宗翻譯社, 1979), useful for training classes for elders, deacons and Sunday School teachers. I would use it in high school and college Sunday School classes.
> - 2002 年修訂版。近年來﹐中華福音神學院出版了
>。
The more complete exposition of Reformational doctrine is The Westminster Confession of Faith, Larger and Shorter Catechisms (Atlanta, GA: Presbyterian Church in America, 3rd edition, 1990; available from CEP bookstore). Get the version with ????ure texts! I particularly appreciate the Confession’s definition of the authority of the Bible (Chapter 1); its explanation of assurance of salvation (chapter 19); and the Larger Catechism’s explanation of the use of God’s law. Both the Larger and the Shorter Catechism devotes plenty of space to explaining the Ten Commandments and the Lord’s Prayer. G. I. Williamson has written The Westminster Confession of Faith for Study Classes (Phillipsurg, NJ: Presbyterian and Reformed, 1964) as a study guide. The Confession and the Shorter (not the Larger) Catechism has been collected in Reformation Translation Fellowship’s creeds volume: Li Dai Jiao Hui Xin Tiao Jing Xuan [Ecumenical Creeds and Reformed Confessions and Catechisms] > (Taipei: Reformation Translation Fellowship 改革宗翻譯社 , 1993, 2002). Another standard Chinese colleciton of creeds is: Li dai ji du jiao xin tiao [Confessions, Catechisms and Church Councils] > (Hong Kong: Chinese Christian Council 基督教文藝出版社, 1957).
The Presbyterian Church (USA) has compiled a volume of creeds known as The Book of Confessions (Office of the General Assembly, Presbyterian Church (USA), 100 Witherspoon Street, Louisville, KY 40202-1396, 800-524-2612 or 502-569-5000 ext. 2503, 1996; $11.00). Seminary bookstores now carry it regularly. The study version is more expensive than the regular version. This volume contains most of the Reformed creeds, along with 20th century statements which may contain a Neo-Orthodox / Barthian slant. It is an inexpensive, helpful reference work.
A good seminary bookstore will carry several volumes of creeds and confessions.
> - 與威敏斯特信仰告白相似﹐洗禮觀屬浸禮宗。
Baptists should be interested to know that the London Confession (1680s) is now available in both English and Chinese ﹕> (Reformed Christian Book Club, P.O. Box 25107, Harbour Building Post Office, Hong Kong, 1991)。
TEXTBOOKS ON SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY 系統神學教科書
20世紀出版的改革宗系統神學教科書﹐最典型的是伯克夫的>﹐可惜還沒有翻譯成中文。
For many years, the standard Reformed textbook is Louis Berkhof, Systematic Theology (Carlisle, PA: Banner of Truth, 1939; reprinted in numerous editions). The contemporary edition has included another work, formerly called The Introductory Volume, along with Systematic Theology. You should buy this combined one-volume edition whenever possible! It is well worth the US $35-40 investment.
伯克夫也寫了>﹐信仰立場堅固。中文譯本由改革宗翻譯社出版﹐其中三位一體的教義﹐和人論的兩部分﹐在中華展望的網頁上有修訂版﹕http://samling.ccim.org。
Dr. Berkhof taught systematic theology for many years at Calvin Seminary, and can be considered a 20th century “heir” to Charles Hodge (see below). Berkhof has written another “companion volume”: A History of Christian Doctrines (translated as: Ji du jiao jiao yi shi >, Taipei: Reformation Translation Fellowship
改革宗翻譯社, 1984). Solid, comprehensive, succinct.
These three books should be used together.
伯克夫﹐>與>﹐都是他的>的濃縮本。前者由改革宗翻譯社出版﹐後者由香港的天道書樓出版。
Berkhof has written a shorter version, A Manual of Christian Doctrine, which has been translated by Rev. Charles Chao趙中輝 of the Reformation Translation Fellowship, entitled Ji Du Jiao Jiao Yi Gai Lun > (Taipei: Reformation Translation Fellowship 改革宗翻譯社, 1974). English version is still in print.
A still shorter version is A Summary of Christian Doctrine (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 1938, reprinted numerous times), published by Tien Dao Publishers in Hong Kong as Ji Du Jiao Jiao Yi Gai Yao > (Hong Kong: Tien Dao Publishing House 天道書樓, 1978, 1983, 1986). English version is in print both in Britain and in North America. A must buy!
加爾文的> (香港﹕基督教文藝出版出版社﹐三冊) 是基督
新教的最早﹐也是歷史上最偉大的系統神學著作之一﹐感謝主有中文翻譯﹐雖然有部分段落從略﹐可是至少可以給我們對加爾文的信仰有最基本的認識。>收在 “基督教歷代名著集成” 系列裡。
Two standard works on systematic theology are probably too long for the beginner, but a worthwhile investment for future study: John Calvin 加爾文﹐ Institutes of the Christian Religion (tr. Ford Lewis Battles; Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1960; 2 volumes), and Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, many editions, 3 volumes; there is a one-volume abridged edition). Calvin’s work is unparalled; you can buy a Chinese excerpted version in the Ji Du Jiao Li Dai Ming Zhu Ji Cheng 基督教歷代名著集成 (Christian Classics Library) series, published by Chinese Christian Literature Council基督教文藝出版社, Hong Kong. The Chinese title is Ji Du Jiao Yao Yi >. (volumes 5-6 of the series).
Thomas Watson, A Body of Divinity: > ﹐台北﹕加爾文出版社。
作者是清教徒神學家﹐本書給我們對清教徒的信仰有起碼的認識。其他的清教徒神學著作﹐如歐文的>﹐Thomas Watson 的 >﹐由中華展望在
翻譯﹐出版中。19世紀改革宗最偉大的系統神學著作乃是賀治的>﹐英文共三卷﹐目前有濃縮版(一卷)。賀治是普林斯頓神學院的教授﹐在19世紀的美國﹐面對自由神學的入侵﹐領導了美國教會作護教的工夫。後來普林斯頓的神學教授還有 Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield (B.B. Warfield) ﹐他最有名的神學包括>的默啟示﹐和靈恩的 “終止論” 。
Charles Hodge 賀治 was systematic theology professor at Princeton Seminary in the 19th century; although many people would no longer use his “arguments from experience,” and many cannot read the Latin sections of the 3 volume text, Hodge remains a tower of strength defending the orthodox, Reformed, evangelical positions. Fortunately for 21st century readers, there is now a one-volume abridged version. The passages in Latin have been deleted, the resulting work is much easier to use!
James Montgomery Boice ( -2001) 生前是費城第十長老會的主任牧師﹐畢業
與哈佛大學﹐普林斯頓神學院﹐和在瑞士攻讀神學博士﹐是福音派改革宗的重要發言人。着有幾十本解經﹐神學書籍﹐也是國際聖經無誤協會的主席﹐和費城改革宗講座的發起人。他的系統神學 (四卷) 已經翻成中文﹕>﹐>﹐>﹐和>。段落的按照編排按照加爾文的>。
For the average, beginning student (seminarian, layperson or Sunday School teacher), two easier one-volume texts are: James M. Boice, Foundations of Christian Faith (Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity Press, 1986; formerly 4 volumes), and Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1994). Boice is pastor at Tenth Presbyterian Church, and a staunch defender and able expositor of Bible doctrines. He follows the same outline as Calvin’s Institutes. Parts I, II and III of Boice has been translated into Chinese as: Quan quan zhi shen > [The Sovereign God] (Milltown, NJ: Christian Renewal Ministries); Jiu shu zhi shen > [God the Redeemer] (Milltown, NJ: Christian Renewal Ministries, 1997); and Xiang shen jue xing > [Awakening to God] (Milltown, NJ: Christian Renewal Ministries更新傳道會, 1999).
當代英文世界裡可讀性最高的系統神學教科書首推﹕Wayne Grudem, Systematic Theology; Wayne Grudem, Bible Doctrine. 作者畢業於威敏斯特神學院﹐
多年在芝加哥的三一神學院任教﹐神學立場屬改革宗﹐對靈恩運動 (尤其預言) 採取溫和與謹慎批判態度。他的英文>每章都有參考書目﹐列出其他立場的神學家在同一問題上的討論﹔每章也介紹一首聖詩的歌詞。
Grudem is Reformed, and sympathetic to certain themes in the contemporary charismatic movement. Grudem adds a hymn at the end of every chapter, and his sectional headings are framed in questions; highly readable! There is now a shorter version by Grudem, called Bible Doctrine. Beginners can consider either the longer or shorter work!
中文系統神學教科書最精簡的是﹕呂沛淵﹐>三卷。呂牧師是威敏斯特神學院的哲學博士﹐講道有培靈的風格﹐信仰改革宗。呂博士的神學課程備受中國和海外華人知識分子和信徒歡迎。
Chinese-readers should be encouraged to know that Dr. Luke Lu 呂沛淵 (Lu Pei yuan) has written a three volume work called Ji yao shen xue >(Essential Theology I, II, III), which has been published by Overseas Campus Magazine海外校
園 (Lomita, California) and Campus Evangelical Fellowship 校園出版社 (Taipei). This is the newest brief introduction to systematic theology for the beginner!
