老鱼驳‘反对基督人性被造’的各式伪命题
(二)
【伪命题2】亚流异端教导‘基督是被造的’,凡教导基督有被造人性的,都是亚流异端
亚流派最主要的带领者,尼哥米迪亚的优西比乌在《尼哥米迪亚主教优西比乌致推罗主教保里奴的信》[18] 中,明确的宣告:
“We have never heard that there are two unbegotten beings, nor that one has been divided into two, nor have we learned or believed that it has ever undergone any change of a corporeal nature; but we affirm that the unbegotten is one and one also that which exists in truth by Him, yet was not made out of His substance, and does not at all participate in the nature or substance of the unbegotten, entirely distinct in nature and in power, and made after perfect likeness both of character and power to the maker. We believe that the mode of His beginning not only cannot be expressed by words but even in thought, and is incomprehensible not only to man, but also to all beings superior to man. These opinions we advance not as having derived them from our own imagination, but as having deduced them from Scripture, whence we learn that the Son was created, established, and begotten in the same substance and in the same immutable and inexpressible nature as the Maker; and so the Lord says, ‘God created me in the beginning of His way; I was set up from everlasting; before the hills was I brought forth.'
我们从来没有听过有两位非受生的,或一位能被分为二。我们也从未听说,或相信祂经过了任何肉身本质的改变。我们乃是坚信的只有一位非受生(父),另一位(子)则是借由祂,在真理中而有的,然而不是从祂(父)的本质来的,也完全无法有份与那位非受生者的性质和本质。祂(子)在性质和能力上是完全不同的,乃是根据造祂者的特性和能力的完美形像所造的。我们相信祂开始的方式不但无以言表,更是难以想像。不但是人,就是所有超越人类的生物都是难以理解的。这些我们提出的主张并不是从我们自己的想象中来的,乃是从圣经中推论出来的。有鉴于此,我们得知,子是被造的,是被建立的,是由一个如同(as)造作祂者那恒久不变和无法形容的性质里生出的。所以主说‘在耶和华造化的起头,在太初创造万物之先,就造了我’。
很明显的,亚流派认为基督‘不是从祂(父)的本质来的,也完全无法有份与那位非受生者的性质和本质。祂(子)在性质和能力上是完全不同的,乃是根据造祂者的特性和能力的完美形像所造的。’换句话说,亚流派根本不承认基督有神性,所以祂不是神,只是一个被造之物。这首先证明了,提出这个论点的人本身根本不了解亚流的教训是什么,也不了解亚流所谓‘基督是被造’这句话的真正含义!所以,他们乃是张冠李戴的‘乃是向虚渺之黑暗(empty darkness)狂吠,反对他自己梦想中制造出来的“受造者基督”。[19]
若如他们所言,教导‘基督人性是被造的’都是亚流异端,他们是不是也要称亚他那修,奥古斯丁和马丁路德为【亚流异端】呢?可见“亚流异端教导‘基督是被造的’”是无知、反神学的理论,‘凡教导基督有被造人性的,都是亚流异端’则是伪命题!
【伪命题3】基督的位格决定祂的本性
这些异端人士认为,因为基督的位格是神格,所以基督的人性必须根据祂非受造的神格,成为非受造的。
亚他那修在《尼西亚信经护文》第十四段中明确说到:
And just as when we hear that he is Lord and God and true light, we perceive him as being from the Father, so it is right that when we hear ‘created’ and ‘servant’ and ‘suffered’ not to refer these to the divinity, for they are out of place there, but rather to measure these statements in reference to the flesh which he bore for us. For these things properly belong (idia) to the flesh and the flesh is not another’s but is the Word’s.
对于我们,当我们听见(圣经)用主和真光来形容祂(基督)的时候,我们应当领会为祂就是从父而来的。同样,(当我们听见圣经)使用被造的,奴仆和受苦,我们就不能将其理解成与神性有关的,因为这是不合理的,而我们必须把这样的词句理解为祂为我们的缘故所穿上的肉体。这些性质都是属于肉体的,这个肉体不是别人,乃是道的。
奥古斯丁在在《三位一体论》中,说:
照样祂在上帝的形象里造了人;祂却在奴仆的形象里被造为人。。。既然上帝的形象取了奴仆的形象所以祂是二者,是上帝也是人;是上帝,乃是由于上帝去取;是人,乃是由于人被取。两者中之一,既不因取的动作变成了另一,即神并未被改变成受造者,以致不再是神;而受造也并不改变为神,以致不再是受造者。
马丁路德在《关乎基督神性与人性的辩论》第二部中说吩咐我们:
但愿你在单纯的心中守住这信条,就是在基督里有神性也有人性,而此二性是在同一个身位中,合而为一。这种合而为一是在别处找不到的。这种合一并不使人性成为神性,亦不使神性成为人性。这两性的分别,非但没有拦阻那合一,反而印证那合一。基督是真神又是真人,这一信仰宣言永远坚立不改。
不论是亚他那修也好,奥古斯丁也好,还是马丁路德,他们都坚信,基督的神性和人性并不会因为二性联合于一位格中而有任何的改变。也就是说,基督的神格并不会影响、或改变祂的人性本质。故此,‘基督的位格决定祂的本性’也是个伪命题!
摘自
https://theologychina.com/老鱼-驳反对基督人性被造的各式伪命题/2/
老鱼 驳‘反对基督人性被造’的各式伪命题
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