2023-12-13

中國的瓷器，百年不變，可是到了歐洲人尤其是英國人手裡，就被玩得出神入化，式樣翻新，日新月異了。其中就有一家叫牛嚎（New Hall）的瓷器廠，玩創新玩到了死，曇花一現，只傳世五十年，可是給人類留下的瓷器標本，經久不衰，歷久彌新。

• New Hall produced hybrid hard paste porcelain tea wares between 1781 and 1835 in Shelton, Staffordshire. Most pieces are unmarked but are recognisable from the distinctive patterns although, because of the success of New Hall much of their style was copied by other contemporary factories.

New Hall瓷器廠（New Hall China Manufactory, Shelton, Stoke upon Trent, Staffordshire, England），座落在英國瓷器重鎮 Stoke 和 Hanley 之間

• New Hall was the first firm to make a commercially successful porcelain in Staffordshire. In 1782, a consortium of Staffordshire potters led by Jacob Warburton and Samuel Hollins purchased from Richard Champion the patent he had acquired for the manufacture of a porcelain using the native raw materials of Cornwall china stone and china clay. Champion had made porcelain at his Bristol factory utilising the Oriental technique of a lower temperature biscuit firing followed by a high temperature glost firing. The Staffordshire purchasers did not employ the Bristol process, probably regarding the high temperatures involved as uneconomic, and produced a porcelain made in the earthenware manner of a higher biscuit firing, followed by a lower glost one, adding lead to the glaze to ensure a fit to the body. The ware produced by this process has become known to collectors and ceramic historians as hybrid hard paste porcelain. New Hall continued to manufacture porcelain of this type until around 1814, when it changed to using the standard bone china body developed by the Spode factory which by that date had become the industry standard.

無一例外，牛嚎再牛嚎，早期的歐洲瓷器，也都是比葫蘆畫瓢，抄襲中國，可是因為西方人骨子裡的創新和不同凡響，畫虎不成反類犬，以至於花樣翻新，中西合璧。下面是牛嚎瓷器廠，歷年創新的中國題材茶壺類別

型號	茶壺	茶碟/茶碗
022 (1782-87)
421（1790-1800）Boy and the Butterfly
425（17900-1805） Lady looking out of a window at children in the garden
621(1800-1815)
1172 (1810-1825)

這還不算，由此派生的三千多個品牌。結果是，創新一個，別人抄去一個，一直到死。