zt 常春藤盟校 簡介 | ||||||||
送交者: rainbow 2009年09月24日11:34:27 於 [茗香茶語] 發送悄悄話 | ||||||||
常春藤盟校(Ivy League)指的是美國東北部的8所頂尖高等學府,這8所學校有着許多共同的特點:它們都是美國最頂尖、最難考入的大學、它們是全世界接受捐款最多的學府、它們吸引無數最優秀的學生與師資。此外它們也是美國歷史最悠久的大學——8所學校中的7所是在英國殖民時期建立的。 所有的常春藤盟校都是私立大學,雖然它們大多也接受聯邦政府資助以鼓勵學術研究。例如常春藤之一的康奈爾大學就有4所學院是完全由政府支持的。 成員 八所常春藤盟校是:
歷史 常春藤聯盟最早指的是非正式的大學橄欖球賽事,起源於1900年,當年耶魯大學捧得首個冠軍。多年來美國陸軍和空軍也曾參加過常春藤的橄欖球比賽,但是在聯盟正式成立前不久退出。 1937年紐約的《先驅論壇報》首次用長在牆上的常春藤的比喻來形容這些參加橄欖球比賽的學校;1945年8所大學的體育教練們簽署了首個常春藤協議,為8支參賽的橄欖球隊設立了學術、財政和運動標準。1954年這項協議被擴展到其他所有運動,該年也被認為是常春藤聯盟正式成立的年份。 聲譽 幾乎所有的常春藤盟校都以苛刻的入學標準著稱,近年來尤其如此:在過去的10多年裡常春藤盟校的錄取率正在下降。很多學校還在特別的領域內擁有很高的學術聲譽,例如:
捐贈 由於其悠久的歷史和所培養出的精英人材,常春藤盟校是全世界接受捐款最多的大學。所有8所學校收到的捐款總值都超過10億美元,而除了布朗大學之外其他7所學校都收到幾十億美元捐款。其中哈佛大學的捐款總額達到193億美元,是全球最富有的大學;耶魯大學列第二,捐款總額也達到110億美元。哈佛在波士頓地區擁有總面積達1.8平方公里的土地,而哥倫比亞大學是紐約市第二大地主,它的土地價值可能是全世界大學中最高的。 The Ivy League athletic conference, founded in 1954, consists of eight private institutions of higher education located in the eastern United States. The term, with its connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a certain amount of academic elitism, dates back to at least 1935. On December 3, 1937, the first major effort to formally organize the league was made by editors of seven student-run dailies at universities in the Eastern United States. They made a concerted effort for "the formation of an Ivy League" by simultaneously running an editorial, entitled "Now Is the Time", after having held one-month-long discussions about the proposal. All of the Ivy League institutions share some general characteristics: They are among the most prestigious and selective schools in the U.S., they consistently place close to the top of college and university rankings; they rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment; they attract top-tier students and faculty; and they have relatively small undergraduate populations, ranging between 4,078 for Dartmouth College and 13,700 for Cornell University and modestly sized graduate student populations, ranging between 1,666 for Dartmouth and 14,692 for Columbia. Seven of the eight schools (Cornell University being the exception) were founded during America's colonial period. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies also are all located in the Northeast region of the United States. Notably, the Ivies also prohibit the offering of athletic scholarships to students in most cases; this ban differentiates Ivy teams from those of schools that permit students to receive scholarships to attend or to join a team. The Ivy League institutions are privately owned and controlled. Although many of them receive funding from the federal or state governments to pursue research, only Cornell has state-supported academic units, termed statutory colleges, that are an integral part of the institution. Shields and mottos
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