zt 常春藤盟校 简介 | ||||||||
送交者: rainbow 2009年09月24日11:34:27 于 [茗香茶语] 发送悄悄话 | ||||||||
常春藤盟校(Ivy League)指的是美国东北部的8所顶尖高等学府,这8所学校有着许多共同的特点:它们都是美国最顶尖、最难考入的大学、它们是全世界接受捐款最多的学府、它们吸引无数最优秀的学生与师资。此外它们也是美国历史最悠久的大学——8所学校中的7所是在英国殖民时期建立的。 所有的常春藤盟校都是私立大学,虽然它们大多也接受联邦政府资助以鼓励学术研究。例如常春藤之一的康奈尔大学就有4所学院是完全由政府支持的。 成员 八所常春藤盟校是:
历史 常春藤联盟最早指的是非正式的大学橄榄球赛事,起源于1900年,当年耶鲁大学捧得首个冠军。多年来美国陆军和空军也曾参加过常春藤的橄榄球比赛,但是在联盟正式成立前不久退出。 1937年纽约的《先驱论坛报》首次用长在墙上的常春藤的比喻来形容这些参加橄榄球比赛的学校;1945年8所大学的体育教练们签署了首个常春藤协议,为8支参赛的橄榄球队设立了学术、财政和运动标准。1954年这项协议被扩展到其他所有运动,该年也被认为是常春藤联盟正式成立的年份。 声誉 几乎所有的常春藤盟校都以苛刻的入学标准著称,近年来尤其如此:在过去的10多年里常春藤盟校的录取率正在下降。很多学校还在特别的领域内拥有很高的学术声誉,例如:
捐赠 由于其悠久的历史和所培养出的精英人材,常春藤盟校是全世界接受捐款最多的大学。所有8所学校收到的捐款总值都超过10亿美元,而除了布朗大学之外其他7所学校都收到几十亿美元捐款。其中哈佛大学的捐款总额达到193亿美元,是全球最富有的大学;耶鲁大学列第二,捐款总额也达到110亿美元。哈佛在波士顿地区拥有总面积达1.8平方公里的土地,而哥伦比亚大学是纽约市第二大地主,它的土地价值可能是全世界大学中最高的。 The Ivy League athletic conference, founded in 1954, consists of eight private institutions of higher education located in the eastern United States. The term, with its connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and a certain amount of academic elitism, dates back to at least 1935. On December 3, 1937, the first major effort to formally organize the league was made by editors of seven student-run dailies at universities in the Eastern United States. They made a concerted effort for "the formation of an Ivy League" by simultaneously running an editorial, entitled "Now Is the Time", after having held one-month-long discussions about the proposal. All of the Ivy League institutions share some general characteristics: They are among the most prestigious and selective schools in the U.S., they consistently place close to the top of college and university rankings; they rank within the top one percent of the world's academic institutions in terms of financial endowment; they attract top-tier students and faculty; and they have relatively small undergraduate populations, ranging between 4,078 for Dartmouth College and 13,700 for Cornell University and modestly sized graduate student populations, ranging between 1,666 for Dartmouth and 14,692 for Columbia. Seven of the eight schools (Cornell University being the exception) were founded during America's colonial period. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine colleges chartered before the American Revolution. The Ivies also are all located in the Northeast region of the United States. Notably, the Ivies also prohibit the offering of athletic scholarships to students in most cases; this ban differentiates Ivy teams from those of schools that permit students to receive scholarships to attend or to join a team. The Ivy League institutions are privately owned and controlled. Although many of them receive funding from the federal or state governments to pursue research, only Cornell has state-supported academic units, termed statutory colleges, that are an integral part of the institution. Shields and mottos
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