Citizen's arrest
A citizen's arrest is an arrest made by a person who is not acting as a sworn law-enforcement official.[1] In common lawjurisdictions, the practice dates back to medieval England and the English common law, in which sheriffs encouraged ordinarycitizens to help apprehend law breakers.
Despite the practice's name, in most countries, the arresting person is usually designated as a person with arrest powers, who need not be a citizen of the country in which they are acting. For example, in the British jurisdiction of England and Wales, the power comes from section 24A(2) of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984,[2] called "any person arrest". This legislationstates "any person" has these powers, and does not state that they need to be a British citizen.
公民被捕
公民被捕是由不是宣誓執法官員的人逮捕的。[1] 在普通法司法管轄區,這種做法可以追溯到中世紀英格蘭和英國普通法,其中治安官鼓勵普通公民幫助逮捕違法者。
儘管有這種做法的名稱,但在大多數國家,逮捕者通常被指定為具有逮捕權的人,他們不一定是他們所在國家的公民。 例如,在英格蘭和威爾士的英國司法管轄區,權力來自1984年“警察和刑事證據法”第24A(2)條,[2]稱為“任何人被捕”。 該立法規定“任何人”具有這些權力,並未聲明他們需要成為英國公民。