唐三藏說：“成就勝定大法總持，能發無邊妙慧光，故名發光地。” 本小節討論定。在佛教的百法（參見第11章）中，只有念、定、和慧（智）可以持心，所以大部分佛的教導以此三法中的一法結束。定義為主觀和客觀相應而動的身心穩定狀態，亦名一心。基於從見道到成佛的過程，玄奘法師把所有勝定歸類成了四種：賢守定，集福王定，健行定，和大乘光明定。

Tang Tripitaka said: “Establishment of victorious-stillness great-law generally-hold, can emit edge-less wonderful gnostic light, hence the Glory Heartland.” The section discusses Stillness. Among all 100 laws of Buddhism (cf. chapter 11), only Spell, Stillness, and Gnosis (a type of intelligence) can hold heart (i.e., mind), so most of the Buddha's teachings end with one of these three laws. Stillness means a stable state of heart and body, in which the subjective and the objective change correspondingly, also known as One Heart.  Based on the process from seeing path to Buddhahood, Tang Tripitaka categorized all the victorious stillness into four:  Sagely Hold Stillness, Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, Vigorously Practice Stillness, and Mahayana Light Stillness.

（一）賢守定，謂此能守世間出世間賢善法故。插圖16.3是古埃及的浮雕，用五幅圖表達了 “賢守定” 的概念。圖1和5是眾生之母夏娃，頭頂的三朵蓮花象徵着上帝三合和（上帝、亞當、和夏娃）。中間的三幅圖表示她從見道到成佛的過程。多數的雕塑中，古埃及人用 “給孩子孩子亞伯餵奶” 來表示她是夏娃，但這浮雕中用乳房長在了胳肢窩來表示她是夏娃，因為古埃及人要用夏娃的雙手來向觀眾展示一個重要的概念， “賢守” 。如圖1至5，五位夏娃都是一個 “持着” 的姿勢。

(1) Sagely Hold Stillness, saying that this can hold mundane and transcending mundaneness all sagely benevolent laws. Illustration 16.3 is an ancient Egyptian bas-relief that expresses the concept of "Sagely Hold Stillness" in five panels. Figures 1 and 5 show enlightened Eve, with the three lotus flowers above her head symbolizing the godly trinity (God, Adam, and Eve). The three figures in the center represent her journey from Seeing Path to becoming a Buddha. In most sculptures, the ancient Egyptians by “breast feeding child Abel” to show that she is Eve, but this relief uses a breast growing in the armpit to show that she is Eve, because the ancient Egyptians wanted to use her hands to show viewers an important concept: "Sagely Hold Stillness". As shown in Figures 1 through 5, all five Eve's are in a "holding" gesture.

夏娃一直都端着的是什麼東西？上面的容器顯示了瓶子裡的內容，左邊瓶子裡裝着夏娃寫的《生命之書》的全部知識，右邊瓶子裡裝着亞當寫的《死亡之書》的全部知識。這兩本書就是古埃及宗教的全部教法。綜合五幅浮雕，古埃及人表達：知識如水，賢守定如器，可以執持全部的知識之水。

What was Eve carrying all the time? The containers above show the contents of the bottles, the bottle on the left contains all the knowledge of the Book of Life written by Eve, and the bottle on the right contains all the knowledge of the Book of Death written by Adam. These two books are the entire teachings of ancient Egyptian religion. Combining the five reliefs, the ancient Egyptians expressed: Knowledge is like water, and “Sagely Hold Stillness” is like a vessel, which can hold all the water of knowledge.

對於佛教徒來說，賢守定要求修習者，無論懂不懂，要記住四勝諦的全部內容。四勝諦就是佛教的全部教法。

For Buddhists, “Sagely Hold Stillness” requires practitioners, whether they understand it or not, to remember all the contents of the Four Victorious Cruxes, which are the entire teachings of Buddhism.

（二）集福王定，謂此自在集無邊福，如王勢力無等雙。由於夏娃持有四勝諦，總是遇到好運，隨着生活，有意無意地就收到了覺悟，獲得了知識；如是她收集了許多瓶上進的膏糧（如圖4所示）。她頭頂有兩隻箭，代表她仍有貪和嗔，這兩個思惑；這也表示她此時已經懂得了四勝諦，已經消滅了八萬四千魔軍中的見惑（參見14.3節《煩惱的數》），仍有多品思惑需要消除。

(2) Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, saying that this can gather edge-less fortune, like a king with unparalleled power. Because Eve held the Four Victorious Cruxes, she always encountered good luck. As she lived, she gained enlightenment and knowledge intentionally or unintentionally. In this way, she collected many bottles of nourishing food (as shown in Figure 4). There are two arrows on her head, which means that she still has greed and irritation, the two Mean Muddles; it also means that she had understood the Four Victorious Cruxes at this time and had eliminated all the View Muddles in the 84,000 demon armies (see Section 14.3 Number of Annoyances), there are still many grades Mean Muddles that need to be eliminated.

（三）健行定，謂菩薩大健有情之所行。埃及夏娃勇敢地挑戰四勝諦，但她常常發現自己錯了，向四勝諦投降了，但與此同時，她的頭裡孕育了一個巨大的蓮花蕾，已經被大洪水淹沒了（即已經被洗禮了； 如圖3中，她的頭頂所示）。

(3) Vigorously Practice Stillness, saying that due to aggregate more and more fortune, Boddhisatva becomes healthy and healthier, which boosted his or her advancement on Buddhisattva’s path. The Egyptian Eve bravely challenged the Four Victorious Cruxes, but she often found that she was wrong and surrendered to the Four Victorious Cruxes. However, at the same time, a huge lotus bud was conceived in her head, which had been submerged by the great flood (i.e., Eve had been baptized; shown above her head in Figure 3).

圖2中的蓮花代表覺悟。夏娃全身開花，表示她覺悟不斷，正處於 “金剛無間道”。金剛無間道，亦作金剛喻定，大洪水，洗禮、割禮，升天，和出塵，都是對修習大般若舟（即十渡；如圖2夏娃的頭頂所示）的不同描述。圖2中，夏娃口吐蓮花，正在與眾同修分享修習大般若舟的心得體會。教學相長，夏娃的修習愈發精進。

The lotus in Figure 2 represents enlightenment. Eve's whole body blossomed, indicating that she was in “Philosopher’s Stone Non-Intermit Path”. “Philosopher’s Stone Non-Intermit Path”, also known as Philosopher’s Stone Metaphor Stillness, the big flood, baptism, circumcision, escalating to heaven, going out body, and ousting dusts, all are different descriptions of practicing the Greater Arks (i.e., ten Arks; shown on the top of Eve's head in Figure 2). In Figure 2, Eve spits out lotus flowers and is sharing her experience of practicing the Greater Ark with fellow practitioners. The teaching and study were mutual, so Eve's study and practice became more and more advanced.

（四）大乘光明定，謂此能發照了大乘理教行果智光明。圖1和5顯示夏娃不開花了，全身的皮膚都變得光滑了，修習覺悟的熱忱已經褪去了。這時的她已經處於大乘光明定中；乳房從胸前被移到了胳肢窩表示她已經是眾生之母了。

(4) Mahayana Light Stillness, saying that this can completely illuminate Mahayana’s principles, practices, fruits, and intelligence. Pictures 1 and 5 show that Eve has stopped blooming, her skin has become smooth, and her enthusiasm for practicing Greater Ark has faded. At this time, she was already in the Mahayana light Stillness; her breast was moved from her chest to her armpit, indicating that she was already the mother of all living beings.

16.3.1 忍渡 Countenance Ark

三地菩薩修習忍渡。學習是一種變成的過程，無忍則不達，所以忍渡被建立了。忍有三種：耐怨害忍、安受苦忍、和諦察法忍。忍以無瞋、精進、審慧、及彼所起三業為性。忍渡亦作八忍地，八中洲，八大金剛，八大人，具體內容參見17.3節。

Third land Bodhisattvas study and practice Countenance Ark. Learning is a process of becoming, and without countenance one cannot attain, so Countenance Ark is established. There are three types of countenance: countenance with resentment and harm, countenance with accepting bitter, and countenance with observing law. Nature of countenance non-irritation, diligently advance, prudent gnosis, and their aroused three karmas. Countenance Ark, also known as Eight Countenance Lands, Eight Middle Continents, Eight Great Philosopher-Stones, Eight Great Humans, for details, please refer to Section 17.3.

16.3.2 暗鈍障 Severance of Gloomily Dullness Hindrance

三地菩薩斷除了暗鈍障。謂所知障中俱生一分令所聞思修法忘失，彼障三地勝定總持及彼所發殊勝三慧，入三地時便能永斷。三慧，即聞、思、修慧。聞慧是從見聞閱讀所得的慧，比如從傳說故事聽而有感，再如讀佛經，閱而會義。思慧，自己從思考總結中獲得的慧，比如感悟心得。修慧是從自身經歷的事物所感悟的慧，是自己感受到了自己修習的成果，比如守戒，修習者很快就感受到：心底無私天地寬。由斯三地說斷二愚及彼粗重。

Third land Bodhisattvas break off Hindrance of Gloomily Dullness. The saying is that there are First Quadrants aggregately born that cause the people to forget what gnosis they have heard, meant, and cultivated. Those obstacles hinder “Victorious-Stillness Generally-Hold”, will be permanently eliminated when Bodhisattvas enter the Third Land. Hearer Gnosis is gnosis gained from hearing and reading, such as listening to legends, and understanding the meaning of Buddhist scriptures. Mean Gnosis is gnosis gained from thinking, feeling, and summarizing, such as insights. Cultivation Gnosis is gnosis gained from one’s own experiences, from results of one's own practice. Such as observing the precepts, practitioners soon feel that with the selfless as heart, the sky is higher, and the earth is broader. Thus, we say that third land Bodhisattvas cut off the two fools and their roughs and heavies.

（一）欲貪愚，即是此中能障勝定及修慧者。彼昔多與欲貪俱故名欲貪愚。今得勝定及修所成，彼既永斷，欲貪隨伏。

（二）圓滿聞持總持愚，即是此中能障總持聞思慧者。

(1) Fool of Desirably Greed, that is the hindrance, which hinders the Victorious Stillness and cultivated gnosis. In the past, they were often with Desirably Greed as companion, hence Fool of Desirably Greed. Now, Bodhisattvas gained the Victorious Stillness and achievements of cultivations, those are cut off, and Desirably Greed is tamed along.

(2) Fool of Perfect Hearer-Hold and Generally-Hold, those are the capable of hindering the general hold on hearer gnosis, mean gnosis, and cultivation gnosis.

16.3.3 勝流真如 Victorious Stream True Suchness

三地菩薩證得勝流真如。玄奘說，此真如所流教法於余教法極為勝故。無意識是神識，是法識，亦作真如識，所以勝流真如義為：所有的宗教中，包括現代哲學、心理學、和社會學，研究神識的教法最值得學習，是聖道流。

Third land Bodhisattvas prove and gain Victorious Stream True Suchness. Tang Tripitaka said: “Teachings flowed out from this True Suchness are extremely victorious to other teachings.” Unconsciousness is God-sense, is juristic sense, also known as True Suchness Sense, therefore, Victorious Stream True Suchness means that teachings of God-sense are the upmost victorious among religions including modern philosophy, psychology, and sociology; the teaching of studying God-sense is the worthiest of learning and is the Holy Path Stream.

另一方面，當意（即前意識）遇到正確與錯誤，純淨與污染時，它自動地行在正確的道路上，遠離污染。如果修習者能證明本教法是世界上所有宗教中最好的，信心會增至100%，修學事半功倍，成功就指日可待了。

On the other hand, when Intent (i.e. preconsciousness) encounters right and wrong, purity and pollution, it automatically migrates on the right path and stays away from pollution. If practitioners can prove that this teaching is the most victorious among all teachings, their confidence will increase to 100%, their practice will be twice the result with half the effort, and success will be just around the corner.

↪️返回總第16章道諦的目錄↪️Return to Content of Chapter 16 Path Crux.