唐三藏说：“成就胜定大法总持，能发无边妙慧光，故名发光地。” 本小节讨论定。在佛教的百法（参见第11章）中，只有念、定、和慧（智）可以持心，所以大部分佛的教导以此三法中的一法结束。定义为主观和客观相应而动的身心稳定状态，亦名一心。基于从见道到成佛的过程，玄奘法师把所有胜定归类成了四种：贤守定，集福王定，健行定，和大乘光明定。

Tang Tripitaka said: “Establishment of victorious-stillness great-law generally-hold, can emit edge-less wonderful gnostic light, hence the Glory Heartland.” The section discusses Stillness. Among all 100 laws of Buddhism (cf. chapter 11), only Spell, Stillness, and Gnosis (a type of intelligence) can hold heart (i.e., mind), so most of the Buddha's teachings end with one of these three laws. Stillness means a stable state of heart and body, in which the subjective and the objective change correspondingly, also known as One Heart.  Based on the process from seeing path to Buddhahood, Tang Tripitaka categorized all the victorious stillness into four:  Sagely Hold Stillness, Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, Vigorously Practice Stillness, and Mahayana Light Stillness.

（一）贤守定，谓此能守世间出世间贤善法故。插图16.3是古埃及的浮雕，用五幅图表达了 “贤守定” 的概念。图1和5是众生之母夏娃，头顶的三朵莲花象征着上帝三合和（上帝、亚当、和夏娃）。中间的三幅图表示她从见道到成佛的过程。多数的雕塑中，古埃及人用 “给孩子孩子亚伯喂奶” 来表示她是夏娃，但这浮雕中用乳房长在了胳肢窝来表示她是夏娃，因为古埃及人要用夏娃的双手来向观众展示一个重要的概念， “贤守” 。如图1至5，五位夏娃都是一个 “持着” 的姿势。

(1) Sagely Hold Stillness, saying that this can hold mundane and transcending mundaneness all sagely benevolent laws. Illustration 16.3 is an ancient Egyptian bas-relief that expresses the concept of "Sagely Hold Stillness" in five panels. Figures 1 and 5 show enlightened Eve, with the three lotus flowers above her head symbolizing the godly trinity (God, Adam, and Eve). The three figures in the center represent her journey from Seeing Path to becoming a Buddha. In most sculptures, the ancient Egyptians by “breast feeding child Abel” to show that she is Eve, but this relief uses a breast growing in the armpit to show that she is Eve, because the ancient Egyptians wanted to use her hands to show viewers an important concept: "Sagely Hold Stillness". As shown in Figures 1 through 5, all five Eve's are in a "holding" gesture.

夏娃一直都端着的是什么东西？上面的容器显示了瓶子里的内容，左边瓶子里装着夏娃写的《生命之书》的全部知识，右边瓶子里装着亚当写的《死亡之书》的全部知识。这两本书就是古埃及宗教的全部教法。综合五幅浮雕，古埃及人表达：知识如水，贤守定如器，可以执持全部的知识之水。

What was Eve carrying all the time? The containers above show the contents of the bottles, the bottle on the left contains all the knowledge of the Book of Life written by Eve, and the bottle on the right contains all the knowledge of the Book of Death written by Adam. These two books are the entire teachings of ancient Egyptian religion. Combining the five reliefs, the ancient Egyptians expressed: Knowledge is like water, and “Sagely Hold Stillness” is like a vessel, which can hold all the water of knowledge.

对于佛教徒来说，贤守定要求修习者，无论懂不懂，要记住四胜谛的全部内容。四胜谛就是佛教的全部教法。

For Buddhists, “Sagely Hold Stillness” requires practitioners, whether they understand it or not, to remember all the contents of the Four Victorious Cruxes, which are the entire teachings of Buddhism.

（二）集福王定，谓此自在集无边福，如王势力无等双。由于夏娃持有四胜谛，总是遇到好运，随着生活，有意无意地就收到了觉悟，获得了知识；如是她收集了许多瓶上进的膏粮（如图4所示）。她头顶有两只箭，代表她仍有贪和嗔，这两个思惑；这也表示她此时已经懂得了四胜谛，已经消灭了八万四千魔军中的见惑（参见14.3节《烦恼的数》），仍有多品思惑需要消除。

(2) Aggregate Fortune King Stillness, saying that this can gather edge-less fortune, like a king with unparalleled power. Because Eve held the Four Victorious Cruxes, she always encountered good luck. As she lived, she gained enlightenment and knowledge intentionally or unintentionally. In this way, she collected many bottles of nourishing food (as shown in Figure 4). There are two arrows on her head, which means that she still has greed and irritation, the two Mean Muddles; it also means that she had understood the Four Victorious Cruxes at this time and had eliminated all the View Muddles in the 84,000 demon armies (see Section 14.3 Number of Annoyances), there are still many grades Mean Muddles that need to be eliminated.

（三）健行定，谓菩萨大健有情之所行。埃及夏娃勇敢地挑战四胜谛，但她常常发现自己错了，向四胜谛投降了，但与此同时，她的头里孕育了一个巨大的莲花蕾，已经被大洪水淹没了（即已经被洗礼了； 如图3中，她的头顶所示）。

(3) Vigorously Practice Stillness, saying that due to aggregate more and more fortune, Boddhisatva becomes healthy and healthier, which boosted his or her advancement on Buddhisattva’s path. The Egyptian Eve bravely challenged the Four Victorious Cruxes, but she often found that she was wrong and surrendered to the Four Victorious Cruxes. However, at the same time, a huge lotus bud was conceived in her head, which had been submerged by the great flood (i.e., Eve had been baptized; shown above her head in Figure 3).

图2中的莲花代表觉悟。夏娃全身开花，表示她觉悟不断，正处于 “金刚无间道”。金刚无间道，亦作金刚喻定，大洪水，洗礼、割礼，升天，和出尘，都是对修习大般若舟（即十渡；如图2夏娃的头顶所示）的不同描述。图2中，夏娃口吐莲花，正在与众同修分享修习大般若舟的心得体会。教学相长，夏娃的修习愈发精进。

The lotus in Figure 2 represents enlightenment. Eve's whole body blossomed, indicating that she was in “Philosopher’s Stone Non-Intermit Path”. “Philosopher’s Stone Non-Intermit Path”, also known as Philosopher’s Stone Metaphor Stillness, the big flood, baptism, circumcision, escalating to heaven, going out body, and ousting dusts, all are different descriptions of practicing the Greater Arks (i.e., ten Arks; shown on the top of Eve's head in Figure 2). In Figure 2, Eve spits out lotus flowers and is sharing her experience of practicing the Greater Ark with fellow practitioners. The teaching and study were mutual, so Eve's study and practice became more and more advanced.

（四）大乘光明定，谓此能发照了大乘理教行果智光明。图1和5显示夏娃不开花了，全身的皮肤都变得光滑了，修习觉悟的热忱已经褪去了。这时的她已经处于大乘光明定中；乳房从胸前被移到了胳肢窝表示她已经是众生之母了。

(4) Mahayana Light Stillness, saying that this can completely illuminate Mahayana’s principles, practices, fruits, and intelligence. Pictures 1 and 5 show that Eve has stopped blooming, her skin has become smooth, and her enthusiasm for practicing Greater Ark has faded. At this time, she was already in the Mahayana light Stillness; her breast was moved from her chest to her armpit, indicating that she was already the mother of all living beings.

16.3.1 忍渡 Countenance Ark

三地菩萨修习忍渡。学习是一种变成的过程，无忍则不达，所以忍渡被建立了。忍有三种：耐怨害忍、安受苦忍、和谛察法忍。忍以无瞋、精进、审慧、及彼所起三业为性。忍渡亦作八忍地，八中洲，八大金刚，八大人，具体内容参见17.3节。

Third land Bodhisattvas study and practice Countenance Ark. Learning is a process of becoming, and without countenance one cannot attain, so Countenance Ark is established. There are three types of countenance: countenance with resentment and harm, countenance with accepting bitter, and countenance with observing law. Nature of countenance non-irritation, diligently advance, prudent gnosis, and their aroused three karmas. Countenance Ark, also known as Eight Countenance Lands, Eight Middle Continents, Eight Great Philosopher-Stones, Eight Great Humans, for details, please refer to Section 17.3.

16.3.2 暗钝障 Severance of Gloomily Dullness Hindrance

三地菩萨断除了暗钝障。谓所知障中俱生一分令所闻思修法忘失，彼障三地胜定总持及彼所发殊胜三慧，入三地时便能永断。三慧，即闻、思、修慧。闻慧是从见闻阅读所得的慧，比如从传说故事听而有感，再如读佛经，阅而会义。思慧，自己从思考总结中获得的慧，比如感悟心得。修慧是从自身经历的事物所感悟的慧，是自己感受到了自己修习的成果，比如守戒，修习者很快就感受到：心底无私天地宽。由斯三地说断二愚及彼粗重。

Third land Bodhisattvas break off Hindrance of Gloomily Dullness. The saying is that there are First Quadrants aggregately born that cause the people to forget what gnosis they have heard, meant, and cultivated. Those obstacles hinder “Victorious-Stillness Generally-Hold”, will be permanently eliminated when Bodhisattvas enter the Third Land. Hearer Gnosis is gnosis gained from hearing and reading, such as listening to legends, and understanding the meaning of Buddhist scriptures. Mean Gnosis is gnosis gained from thinking, feeling, and summarizing, such as insights. Cultivation Gnosis is gnosis gained from one’s own experiences, from results of one's own practice. Such as observing the precepts, practitioners soon feel that with the selfless as heart, the sky is higher, and the earth is broader. Thus, we say that third land Bodhisattvas cut off the two fools and their roughs and heavies.

（一）欲贪愚，即是此中能障胜定及修慧者。彼昔多与欲贪俱故名欲贪愚。今得胜定及修所成，彼既永断，欲贪随伏。

（二）圆满闻持总持愚，即是此中能障总持闻思慧者。

(1) Fool of Desirably Greed, that is the hindrance, which hinders the Victorious Stillness and cultivated gnosis. In the past, they were often with Desirably Greed as companion, hence Fool of Desirably Greed. Now, Bodhisattvas gained the Victorious Stillness and achievements of cultivations, those are cut off, and Desirably Greed is tamed along.

(2) Fool of Perfect Hearer-Hold and Generally-Hold, those are the capable of hindering the general hold on hearer gnosis, mean gnosis, and cultivation gnosis.

16.3.3 胜流真如 Victorious Stream True Suchness

三地菩萨证得胜流真如。玄奘说，此真如所流教法于余教法极为胜故。无意识是神识，是法识，亦作真如识，所以胜流真如义为：所有的宗教中，包括现代哲学、心理学、和社会学，研究神识的教法最值得学习，是圣道流。

Third land Bodhisattvas prove and gain Victorious Stream True Suchness. Tang Tripitaka said: “Teachings flowed out from this True Suchness are extremely victorious to other teachings.” Unconsciousness is God-sense, is juristic sense, also known as True Suchness Sense, therefore, Victorious Stream True Suchness means that teachings of God-sense are the upmost victorious among religions including modern philosophy, psychology, and sociology; the teaching of studying God-sense is the worthiest of learning and is the Holy Path Stream.

另一方面，当意（即前意识）遇到正确与错误，纯净与污染时，它自动地行在正确的道路上，远离污染。如果修习者能证明本教法是世界上所有宗教中最好的，信心会增至100%，修学事半功倍，成功就指日可待了。

On the other hand, when Intent (i.e. preconsciousness) encounters right and wrong, purity and pollution, it automatically migrates on the right path and stays away from pollution. If practitioners can prove that this teaching is the most victorious among all teachings, their confidence will increase to 100%, their practice will be twice the result with half the effort, and success will be just around the corner.

↪️返回总第16章道谛的目录↪️Return to Content of Chapter 16 Path Crux.