| 經濟學家鄒恆甫致總裁博客 和中國新富新貴 |
| 送交者: 鄒大嘴 2007年07月10日00:00:00 於 [教育學術] 發送悄悄話 |
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鄒恆甫致總裁博客 和中國新富新貴: 卞華舵 陳功 董祥義 符學東 郭凡生 古永鏘 黃鳴 何慶源 蔣錫培 靳羽西 潘石屹 任志強 王石 王冉 王志東 王秋楊 王岩松 王吉萬 王德祿 向文波 向松祚 徐少春 楊卓舒 袁岳 張朝陽 周鴻禕 張向寧 欒潤峰 趙民 ...... 能用錢財積點德便算是有種的中國人了.你們看一下1933年Abraham Flexner先生是如何把愛因斯坦他們搞到美國去的. 你們有些人連IAS都不知道,還談什麼貴族和文化?! 學術大師何以造就 鄒恆甫（長江講座教授） http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2005-04/25/content_221381.htm 武漢大學高級研究中心主任、博士生導師。他是新中國成立後的第一個哈佛大學經濟學博士,也是第一個進入世界銀行研究部的中國高級經濟學家。目前,已在國際經濟 學界權威雜誌上發表了40多篇論文,在宏觀經濟學領域作出了突出貢獻。入選由諾貝爾經濟學獎得主羅伯特·蒙代爾擔任主編的《世界商業評論》評選年度“中國最具影響力的經濟學家”。 這裡是鄒恆甫於2005年3月28日在人民大會堂的一小小部分發言. 陳至立國務委員、十一位部長、各位大學校長和書記、各位(三百多位)長江學者： 中國有句名言: 盛名之下,其實難副。我們這些搞經濟、金融科學的,同諾貝爾經濟學獎獲得者詹姆斯·赫克曼、羅伯特·蒙代爾一起,受聘為首屆長江學者講座教授,羞愧呀! (掌聲雷動) 大學需要大師。上次我和北京大學的張維迎說, 其實你在光華管理學院瞎搞改革只要請四個人就可以了。宏觀經濟學請個世界級大師,微觀經濟學請一個大師,計量經濟學、金融學再各請一個大師。只要有這四位大師級人物,許多亞洲青年學生就會到中國留學了,而不會選擇去英國和歐洲了。這樣一來,我們兩個和林毅夫都只能當服務員了!張維迎說,恆甫你怎麼一幹事便讓我們趴在地上呀? 我回答:我們不趴在地上,北京大學怎麼辦成世界一流啊! (掌聲雷動) 我認為這是可行的,也是能做到的。戰國時代、魏晉南北朝,我們出了那麼多有名的思想家、科學家。(掌聲雷動)今天,我們應該建立起類似的研究機構,辦幾所名符其實的高等研究院。我們也有這個財力,養得起一批士大夫。 (掌聲雷動) 那麼,如何創辦世界一流大學和研究機構呢? 我們從普林斯頓這個小城鎮當初如何辦起高等研究院 IAS 得到一些啟示。1933年,班伯格兄妹捐了500萬美元,辦起了日後對世界具有重大影響的普林斯頓高等研究院。剛開張時,該院只請了五個人。他們是愛因斯坦,馮·諾依曼,接着是戈德爾,後來是數學家亞歷山大,再後來是數學家沃爾布倫。結果,靠這5人普林斯頓的IAS名聲大噪。 (掌聲雷動) 對於普林斯頓高等研究院,大家並不陌生,也是中國人引以為驕傲的。中國二十世紀，幾乎每一位世界級的數學和理論物理的科學大師都與普林斯頓小城裡的高等研究院有着密切的關係 當年,院裡要把陳省身先生留下來,讓他當數學聯刊主編;華羅庚先生成名於普林斯頓小城裡的IAS;楊振寧先生、李政道先生也在那裡獲得了諾貝爾物理學獎;丘老師成桐先生在那裡得了菲爾茲獎…… (掌聲雷動) 長期以來,普林斯頓高等研究院做的,是無用知識的有用性。只有無用知識,才是最終最有用的。科學巨匠牛頓、愛因斯坦,他們的科學研究對後來的科學發展影響巨大。從某種意義上說,今天我們需要更多踏踏實實坐冷板凳、扎紮實實搞學問的人。(掌聲雷動) http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2005-04/25/content_221381.htm
你們SOHU神經有毛病,怎麼能把他的偉大的中文名字給刪了--- SHING-TUNG YAU(***)(恆甫按:即丘先生成桐). 他和陳省生, 李正道和楊政寧一樣是這IAS里偉大的人物啊. 而華羅庚也是在這裡出名的呀! 我們中國二十世紀的數學和物理的最偉大成就都是與這一最偉大的IAS有關. Charles, 你要對歷史負責任啊. 祝一切都好! 最後, 不要讓中國的小股民玩股票, 要積德. 你們/我們有錢的中國後裔, 更應向我的世界銀行的前任行長Wolfensohn學習, 獻錢給IAS修小樓,修大圖書館. 你們到IAS 去看一下: Wolfensohn樓, Simonyi樓, 紐約市長Bloomberg 樓... 我在武漢的IAS就沒有一間樓啊! Best wishes to you and Sohu’s business from Heng-fu in DC
附IAS歷史上的部分教授名單: (看清楚啊, 這才叫星漢燦爛!) W. ALEXANDER;MICHAEL F. ATIYAH;ARMAND BOREL; CHERN, S.S.(陳省生);MARSHALL CLAGETT; ALBERT EINSTEIN ;CLIFFORD GEERTZ;FELIX GILBERT;JAMES F. GILLIAM; KURT GODEL; HETTY GOLDMAN; HARISH-CHANDRA; ERNST H. KANTOROWICZ; GEORGE F. KENNAN ; T. D. LEE(李正道); ELIAS A. LOWEJACK F. MATLOCK, Jr.;MILLARD MEISS; BENJAMIN D. MERITT; JOHN W. ; MARSTON MORSE; J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER; ABRAHAM PAIS; ERWIN PANOFSKY; TULLIO E. REGGE; CARL L. SIEGEL; KIRK VARNEDOE; OSWALD VEBLEN; JOHN von NEUMANN ; ROBERT B. WARREN; ANDRE WEIL; HERMANN WEYL; HASSLER WHITNEY; FRANK WILCZEK; C. N. YANG(楊政寧); SHING-TUNG YAU(丘先生成桐) THE USEFULNESS OF USELESS KNOWLEDGE
鄒老師把IAS的創始人的那篇有名的文章和照片貼出來!!! 現在你可以看了.多看幾遍.請你的朋友們都看看: http://www.hs.ias.edu/ IAS的歷史學院也是世界第一啊!
Over the years there has been a great deal of interest in the education rexxxx ideas of Abraham Flexner (1866-1959), the founding Director (1930-39) of the Institute for Advanced Study. Flexner, who became a very influential figure in education rexxxx, put his progressive ideas about education into practice at an early age. In the fall of 1890 he founded, and for the next fifteen years directed, “Mr. Flexner’s School? in Louisville. This highly successful college preparatory school, which attracted the attention of John Dewey and Charles Eliot, served as Flexner’s laboratory for his theories of education: it had no xxxxal curriculum, no xxxxal grades, no system of examinations, and kept no student achievement records. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More about IAS
Noted Figures in IAS History
THE USEFULNESS OF USELESS KNOWLEDGE
Is it not a curious fact that in a world steeped in irrational hatreds which threaten civilization itself, men and women—old and young—detach themselves wholly or partly from the angry current of daily life to devote themselves to the cultivation of beauty, to the extension of knowledge, to the cure of disease, to the amelioration of suffering, just as though fanatics were not simultaneously engaged in spreading pain, ugliness, and suffering? The world has always been a sorry and confused sort of place—yet poets and artists and scientists have ignored the factors that would, if attended to, paralyze them. From a practical point of view, intellectual and spiritual life is, on the surface, a useless xxxx of activity, in which men indulge because they procure for themselves greater satisfactions than are otherwise obtainable. In this paper I shall concern myself with the question of the extent to which the pursuit of these useless satisfactions proves unexpectedly the source from which undreamed-of utility is derived… …We may look at this question from two points of view: the scientific and the humanistic or spiritual. Let us take the scientific first. I recall a conversation which I had some years ago with Mr. George Eastman on the subject of use. Mr. Eastman, a wise and gentle farseeing man, gifted with taste in music and art, had been saying to me that he meant to devote his vast fortune to the promotion of education in useful subjects. I ventured to ask him whom he regarded as the most useful worker in science in the world. He replied instantaneously: “Marconi.? I surprised him by saying, “Whatever pleasure we derive from the radio or however wireless and the radio may have added to human life, Marconi’s share was practically negligible.? I shall not forget his astonishment on this occasion. He asked me to explain. I replied to him somewhat as follows: “Mr. Eastman, Marconi was inevitable. The real credit for everything that has been done in the field of wireless belongs, as far as such fundamental credit can be definitely assigned to anyone, to Professor Clerk Maxwell, who in 1865 carried out certain abstruse and remote calculations in the field of magnetism and electricity. Maxwell reproduced his abstract equations in a treatise published in 1873. At the next meeting of the British Association Professor H. J. S. Smith of Oxford declared that ‘no mathematician can turn over the pages of these volumes without realizing that they contain a theory which has already added largely to the methods and resources of pure mathematics.’ Other discoveries supplemented Maxwell’s theoretical work during the next fifteen years. Finally in 1887 and 1888 the scientific problem still remaining—the detection and demonstration of the electromagnetic waves which are the carriers of wireless signals—was solved by Heinrich Hertz, a worker in Helmholtz’s laboratory in Berlin. Neither Maxwell nor Hertz had any concern about the utility of their work; no such thought ever entered their minds. They had no practical objective. The inventor in the legal sense was of course Marconi, but what did Marconi invent? Merely the last technical detail, mainly the now obsolete receiving device called coherer, almost universally discarded.? Hertz and Maxwell could invent nothing, but it was their useless theoretical work which was seized upon by a clever technician and which has created new means for communication, utility, and amusement by which men whose merits are relatively slight have obtained fame and earned millions. Who were the useful men? Not Marconi, but Clerk Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz. Hertz and Maxwell were geniuses without thought of use. Marconi was a clever inventor with no thought but use. The mention of Hertz’s name recalled to Mr. Eastman the Hertzian waves, and I suggested that he might ask the physicists of the University of Rochester precisely what Hertz and Maxwell had done; but one thing I said he could be sure of, namely, that they had done their work without thought of use and that throughout the whole history of science most of the really great discoveries which had ultimately proved to be beneficial to mankind had been made by men and women who were driven not by the desire to be useful but merely the desire to satisfy their curiosity.
II What is true of Heinrich Hertz working quietly and unnoticed in a corner of Helmholtz’s laboratory in the later years of the nineteenth century may be said of scientists and mathematicians the world over for several centuries past. We live in a world that would be helpless without electricity. Called upon to mention a discovery of the most immediate and far-reaching practical use we might well agree upon electricity. But who made the fundamental discoveries out of which the entire electrical development of more than one hundred years has come? The answer is interesting. Michael Faraday’s father was a blacksmith; Michael himself was apprenticed to a bookbinder. In 1812, when he was already twenty-one years of age, a friend took him to the Royal Institution where he heard Sir Humphrey Davy deliver four lectures on chemical subjects. He kept notes and sent a copy of them to Davy. The very next year, 1813, he became an assistant in Davy’s laboratory, working on chemical problems. Two years later he accompanied Davy on a trip to the Continent. In 1825, when he was thirty-four years of age, he became Director of the Laboratory of the Royal Institution where he spent fifty-four years of his life. Faraday’s interest soon shifted from chemistry to electricity and magnetism, to which he devoted the rest of his active life. Important but puzzling work in this field had been previously accomplished by Oersted, Amp²re, and Wollaston. Faraday cleared away the difficulties which they had left unsolved and by 1841 had succeeded in the task of induction of the electric current. Four years later a second and equally brilliant epoch in his career opened when he discovered the effect of magnetism on polarized light. His earlier discoveries have led to the infinite number of practical applications by means of which electricity has lightened the burdens and increased the opportunities of modern life. His later discoveries have thus far been less prolific of practical results. What difference did this make to Faraday? Not the least. At no period of his unmatched career was he interested in utility. He was absorbed in disentangling the riddles of the universe, at first chemical riddles, in later periods, physical riddles. As far as he cared, the question of utility was never raised. Any suspicion of utility would have restricted his restless curiosity. In the end, utility resulted, but it was never a criterion to which his ceaseless experimentation could be subjected… …In the domain of higher mathematics almost innumerable instances can be cited. For example, the most abstruse mathematical work of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was the “Non-Euclidian Geometry.? Its inventor, Gauss, though recognized by his contemporaries as a distinguished mathematician, did not dare to publish his work on “Non-Euclidian Geometry? for a quarter of a century. As a matter of fact, the theory of relativity itself with all its infinite practical bearings would have been utterly impossible without the work which Gauss did at Gùttingen. Again, what is known now as “group theory? was an abstract and inapplicable mathematical theory. It was developed by men who were curious and whose curiosity and puttering led them into strange paths; but “group theory? is today the basis of the quantum theory of spectroscopy, which is in daily use by people who have no idea as to how it came about. The whole calculus of probability was discovered by mathematicians whose real interest was the rationalization of gambling. It has failed of the practical purpose at which they aimed, but it has furnished a scientific basis for all types of insurance, and vast stretches of nineteenth century physics are based upon it… |
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