前10位科學家的排名和成果介紹

排名第一：Shinya Yamanaka和JamesA.Thomson博士

是建立了可誘導的萬能幹細胞，在幹細胞再生和分化重排機理上做出了
最具突破性的進展性工作；這毫無疑問是諾貝爾獎級的工作，其他幾位
平時工作很傑出，可是沒有這種級別的工作，只好屈居次位；

排名第二：Rudolf Jaenisch博士

長期從事於幹細胞核的替代重組和幹細胞的表觀遺傳修飾工作，卓有成績，
這也是培養誘導幹細胞的核心工作，重要性無人能代替；

排名第三： Rebort lanza博士

領導和指揮着全球最領先的幹細胞生物技術公司，獨創和建立了分離和培
養單個胚胎幹細胞的方法和技術。主編了所有重要的幹細胞參考書籍。每一
相重大幹細胞技術的出現，美歐主流媒體都要聽他的意見，可謂幹細胞領域
的大腕人物；

排名第四：Alan Trounson博士

是國際免疫學和幹細胞研究的先驅者，領導和指揮原澳大利亞Monash大學
免疫學和幹細胞研究實驗室，使Monash大學成為世界上最成功的大學之一。
手下的弟子Martin Perl博士出任南加州大學第一界幹細胞和系統生物學所
所長。2007年成為美國眼下資金最多，實力最強的加州再生醫學研究研究
所所長，成為美國幹細胞研究中最大的老闆；

排名第五：哈佛大學幹細胞研究所所長Douglas A. Melton博士和斯坦
福大學幹細胞和再生醫學研究所所長Irving L. Weissman博士

兩人都是幹細胞研究領域的頂尖高手，又各了帶領着東西兩岸這兩所美國
奈至全世界的頂尖學府的幹細胞研究的竟賽。

排名第六：哈佛大學幹細胞研究所共同所長David T. Scadden, 博士和密西根大學幹細胞中心主Sean Morrison博士

兩人是幹細胞研究的中青年骨幹，專長於幹細胞分化再生的微環境調控機理的研究，. Scadden, 博士是麻省總醫院再生醫學研究所所長，側重於幹細胞的臨床應用。Morrison博士則是休斯醫學研究所研究員，是美國中西部大學中幹細胞研究的頂級人物。

排名第七到第十的是國際上知名的幹細胞專家，包括愛丁堡大學克隆了多利羊的Wilmut教授，皮膚毛髮幹細胞再生醫學領軍人物Fuchs教授和把幹細胞用於臨床治療的先鋒人物瑞典的Lindvall教授，以及華人中幹細胞研究的頂尖人物，由中國人出任的耶魯大學幹細胞中心主任林海帆教授。

第一位：Shinya Yamanaka，Ph.D. 日本京都大學前沿醫學研究所幹細胞生物學系，加州大學舊金山分校心血管疾病研究所教授

代表作文章

1. Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, Narita M, Ichisaka T, Tomoda K, Yamanaka S.

Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors.

Cell. 2007 Nov 30;131(5):861-72.

2. Okita K, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S. Generation of germline-competent induced pluripotent

stem cells. Nature. 2007 Jul 19;448(7151):313-7.

3. Nakagawa M, Koyanagi M, Tanabe K, Takahashi K, Ichisaka T, Aoi T, Okita K,

Mochiduki Y, Takizawa N, Yamanaka S. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells without Myc from mouse and human fibroblasts. Nat Biotechnol. 2007 Nov 30;

4. Takahashi K, Yamanaka S. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell. 2006 Aug 25;126(4):663-76. Epub 2006 Aug 10

5. Takahashi K, Ichisaka T, Yamanaka S. Identification of genes involved in tumor-like properties of embryonic stem cells. Methods Mol Biol. 2006;329:449-58.

並列第一位：

JamesA.Thomson Ph.D.威斯康星大學基因組研究中心主任，解剖學系教授

代表作文章

1. Yu J, Vodyanik MA, Smuga-Otto K, Antosiewicz-Bourget J, Frane JL, Tian S, Nie J, Jonsdottir GA, Ruotti V, Stewart R, Slukvin II, Thomson JA. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells。 Science. 2007 Nov 20

2. Ludwig TE, Bergendahl V, Levenstein ME, Yu J, Probasco MD, Thomson JA.

Feeder-independent culture of human embryonic stem cells. Nat Methods. 2006 Aug;3(8):637-46

3. Ludwig TE, Levenstein ME, Jones JM, Berggren WT, Mitchen ER, Frane JL, Crandall LJ, Daigh CA, Conard KR, Piekarczyk MS, Llanas RA, Thomson JA.Derivation of human embryonic stem cells in defined conditions. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Feb;24(2):185-7.

4. Yu J, Vodyanik MA, He P, Slukvin II, Thomson JA. Human embryonic stem cells reprogram myeloid precursors following cell-cell fusion. Stem Cells. 2006 Jan;24(1):168-76. Epub 2005 Oct 6

5. Sperger JM, Chen X, Draper JS, Antosiewicz JE, Chon CH, Jones SB, Brooks JD, Andrews PW, Brown PO, Thomson JA. Gene expression patterns in human embryonic stem cells and human pluripotent germ cell tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Nov 11;100(23):13350-5.

第二位： Rudolf Jaenisch MD，麻省理工學院白頭生物研究所教授

代表作文章

1. Hanna J, Wernig M, Markoulaki S, Sun CW, Meissner A, Cassady JP, Beard C, Brambrink T, Wu LC, Townes TM, Jaenisch R. Treatment of Sickle Cell Anemia Mouse Model with iPS Cells Generated from Autologous Skin. Science. 2007 Dec 6；

2. Meissner A, Wernig M, Jaenisch R.Direct reprogramming of genetically unmodified fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2007 Oct;25(10):1177-81；

3. Wernig M, Meissner A, Foreman R, Brambrink T, Ku M, Hochedlinger K, Bernstein BE, Jaenisch R. In vitro reprogramming of fibroblasts into a pluripotent ES-cell-like state.

Nature. 2007 Jul 19;448(7151):318-24；

4. Boyer LA, Plath K, Zeitlinger J, Brambrink T, Medeiros LA, Lee TI, Levine SS, Wernig M, Tajonar A, Ray MK, Bell GW, Otte AP, Vidal M, Gifford DK, Young RA, Jaenisch R. Polycomb complexes repress developmental regulators in murine embryonic stem cells. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):349-53；

5. Meissner A, Jaenisch R. Generation of nuclear transfer-derived pluripotent ES cells from cloned Cdx2-deficient blastocysts. Nature. 2006 Jan 12;439(7073):212-5。

第三位： Rebort lanza Ph.D. 麻省先進細胞公司首席科學家，北卡州Wake Forest 大學醫學院教授

1. Klimanskaya I, Chung Y, Becker S, Lu SJ, Lanza R. Human embryonic stem cell lines derived from single blastomeres. Nature. 2006 Nov 23;444(7118):481-5.

2. Lu SJ, Feng Q, Caballero S, Chen Y, Moore MA, Grant MB, Lanza R. Generation of functional hemangioblasts from human embryonic stem cells. Nat Methods. 2007 Jun;4(6):501-9

3. Chung Y, Klimanskaya I, Becker S, Marh J, Lu SJ, Johnson J, Meisner L, Lanza R. Embryonic and extraembryonic stem cell lines derived from single mouse blastomeres. Nature. 2006 Jan 12;439(7073):216-9.

4. Lanza RP, Chung HY, Yoo JJ, Wettstein PJ, Blackwell C, Borson N, Hofmeister E, Schuch G, Soker S, Moraes CT, West MD, Atala A. Generation of histocompatible tissues using nuclear transplantation. Nat Biotechnol. 2002 Jul;20(7):689-96.

5. Lanza RP, Cibelli JB, Blackwell C, Cristofalo VJ, Francis MK, Baerlocher GM, Mak J, Schertzer M, Chavez EA, Sawyer N, Lansdorp PM, West MD. Extension of cell life-span and telomere length in animals cloned from senescent somatic cells. Science. 2000 Apr 28;288(5466):665-9

第四位：Alan Trounson Ph.D. 加州再生醫學研究研究所所長，教授（原澳大利亞Monash大學免疫學和幹細胞研究實驗室主任）

代表作文章

1. GQ Daley, L AhrlundRichter,JM Auerbach, N Benvenisty, RA Charo, G Chen, HK

Deng,LS Goldstein, KL Hudson, I Hyun, SC Junn, J Love, EH Lee, A McLaren, CL Mummery,N Nakatsuji, C Racowsky, H Rooke, J Rossant, HR Scholer, JH Solbakk, P Taylor, AO Trounson, IL Weissman, I Wilmut, J Yu, L Zoloth (2007) The ISSCR Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research. Science 315: 603604. 303.

2. A Giudice and A Trounson (2007) Genetic manipulation of human embryonic stem cells for cell based therapy. Nature Biotech；

3. M Snow, SL Cox, G Jenkin, A Trounson, J Shaw (2002) Generation of live young from xenografted mouse ovaries. Science 297: 2227.

4. BE Reubinoff, MF Pera, CY Fong, A Trounson, A Bongso (2000) Embryonic stem cell lines from human blastocysts: somatic differentiation in vitro. Nature Biotechn. 18: 399404.

5. AT Dowsing, EL Yong, M Clark, RI McLachlan, DM de Kretser, AO Trounson (1999)

Linkage between male infertility and trinucleotide repeat expansion in the androgen

receptor gene. Lancet 354: 640643.

第五位：Douglas A. Melton, Ph.D，哈佛大學幹細胞研究所所長，Howard Hughes Medical Institute 研究員。

代表作文章

1. Stanger BZ, Tanaka AJ, Melton DA. Organ size is limited by the number of embryonic progenitor cells in the pancreas but not the liver. Nature. 2007 Feb 22;445(7130):886-91.

2. Cowan CA, Atienza J, Melton DA, Eggan K. Nuclear reprogramming of somatic cells after fusion with human embryonic stem cells. Science. 2005 Aug 26;309(5739):1369-73.

3. Dor Y, Brown J, Martinez OI, Melton DA. Adult pancreatic beta-cells are xxxxed by self-duplication rather than stem-cell differentiation. Nature. 2004 May 6;429(6987):41-6.

4. Rajagopal J, Anderson WJ, Kume S, Martinez OI, Melton DA. Insulin staining of ES cell progeny from insulin uptake. Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):363.

5. Ramalho-Santos M, Yoon S, Matsuzaki Y, Mulligan RC, Melton DA. "Stemness": tranional profiling of embryonic and adult stem cells. Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):597-600.

並列第5位Irving L. Weissman MD. 斯坦福大學幹細胞和再生醫學研究所所長

代表作文章

1. Rossi DJ, Bryder D, Seita J, Nussenzweig A, Hoeijmakers J, Weissman IL "Deficiencies in DNA damage repair limit the function of haematopoietic stem cells with age." Nature 2007; 447: 7145: 725-9

2. Forsberg EC, Serwold T, Kogan S, Weissman IL, Passegué E. New evidence supporting megakaryocyte-erythrocyte potential of flk2/flt3+ multipotent hematopoietic progenitors.

Cell. 2006 Jul 28;126(2):415-26

3. Laird DJ, De Tomaso AW, Weissman IL. Stem cells are units of natural selection in a colonial ascidian. Cell. 2005 Dec 29;123(7):1351-60

4. De Tomaso AW, Nyholm SV, Palmeri KJ, Ishizuka KJ, Ludington WB, Mitchel K, Weissman IL. Isolation and characterization of a protochordate histocompatibility locus.

Nature. 2005 Nov 24;438(7067):454-9

5. Passegué E, Wagner EF, Weissman IL. JunB deficiency leads to a myeloproliferative disorder arising from hematopoietic stem cells. Cell. 2004 Oct 29;119(3):431-43.

第六位：David T. Scadden, M.D. Director, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital，Co-Director, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University。麻省總醫院再生醫學研究所所長， 哈佛大學幹細胞研究所共同所長

代表作文章

1. Janzen V, Forkert R, Fleming HE, Saito Y, Waring MT, Dombkowski DM, Cheng T, DePinho RA, Sharpless NE, Scadden DT. Stem-cell ageing modified by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16INK4a. Nature. 2006 Sep 28;443(7110):421-6.

2. Scadden DT. The stem-cell niche as an entity of action. Nature. 2006 Jun 29;441(7097):1075-9；

3. Adams GB, Chabner KT, Alley IR, Olson DP, Szczepiorkowski ZM, Poznansky MC, Kos CH, Pollak MR, Brown EM, Scadden DT. Stem cell engraftment at the endosteal niche is specified by the calcium-sensing receptor. Nature. 2006 Feb 2;439(7076):599-603；

4. Johnson J, Bagley J, Skaznik-Wikiel M, Lee HJ, Adams GB, Niikura Y, Tschudy KS, Tilly JC, Cortes ML, Forkert R, Spitzer T, Iacomini J, Scadden DT, Tilly JL. Oocyte generation in adult mammalian ovaries by putative germ cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Cell. 2005 Jul 29;122(2):303-15

5. Calvi LM, Adams GB, Weibrecht KW, Weber JM, Olson DP, Knight MC, Martin RP, Schipani E, Divieti P, Bringhurst FR, Milner LA, Kronenberg HM, Scadden DT. Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):841-6。

並列第六位 Sean Morrison, PhD 密西根大學幹細胞中心主任 Director, Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Michigan，Howard Hughes Medical Institute, USA

代表作文章

1. Morrison SJ, Spradling AC. Stem cells and niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life. Cell. 2008 Feb 22;132(4):598-611

2. Kiel MJ, He S, Ashkenazi R, Gentry SN, Teta M, Kushner JA, Jackson TL, Morrison SJ. Haematopoietic stem cells do not asymmetrically segregate chromosomes or retain BrdU.

Nature. 2007 Sep 13;449(7159):238-42.

3. Kim I, Saunders TL, Morrison SJ. Sox17 dependence distinguishes the tranional regulation of fetal from adult hematopoietic stem cells. Cell. 2007 Aug 10;130(3):470-83.

4. Molofsky AV, Slutsky SG, Joseph NM, He S, Pardal R, Krishnamurthy J, Sharpless NE, Morrison SJ. Increasing p16INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing. Nature. 2006 Sep 28;443(7110):448-52.

5. Yilmaz OH, Valdez R, Theisen BK, Guo W, Ferguson DO, Wu H, Morrison SJ. Pten dependence distinguishes haematopoietic stem cells from leukaemia-initiating cells.

Nature. 2006 May 25;441(7092):475-82.

第七位George Daley, M.D., Ph.D 哈佛大學幹細胞研究所， 波士頓兒童醫院教授

代表作文章

1. Park IH, Zhao R, West JA, Yabuuchi A, Huo H, Ince TA, Lerou PH, Lensch MW, Daley GQ.

Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors. Nature. 2008 Jan 10;451(7175):141-6.

2. North TE, Goessling W, Walkley CR, Lengerke C, Kopani KR, Lord AM, Weber GJ, Bowman TV, Jang IH, Grosser T, Fitzgerald GA, Daley GQ, Orkin SH, Zon LI. Prostaglandin E2 regulates vertebrate haematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Nature. 2007 Jun 21;447(7147):1007-11

3. Daley GQ, Ahrlund Richter L, Auerbach JM, Benvenisty N, Charo RA, Chen G, Deng HK, Goldstein LS, Hudson KL, Hyun I, Junn SC, Love J, Lee EH, McLaren A, Mummery CL, Nakatsuji N, Racowsky C, Rooke H, Rossant J, Schöler HR, Solbakk JH, Taylor P, Trounson AO, Weissman IL, Wilmut I, Yu J, Zoloth L. Ethics. The ISSCR guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research. Science. 2007 Feb 2;315(5812):603-4；

4. Kim K, Lerou P, Yabuuchi A, Lengerke C, Ng K, West J, Kirby A, Daly MJ, Daley GQ. Histocompatible embryonic stem cells by parthenogenesis. Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):482-6；

5．Geijsen N, Horoschak M, Kim K, Gribnau J, Eggan K, Daley GQ. Derivation of embryonic germ cells and male gametes from embryonic stem cells. Nature. 2004 Jan 8;427(6970):148-54.

並列第七位

Fred H. Gage, PhD，Salk Institute for Biological Studies， California, USA 美國加州索克生物研究所教授

代表作文章

1. Zhao C, Deng W, Gage FH. Mechanisms and functional implications of adult neurogenesis.

Cell. 2008 Feb 22;132(4):645-60；

2. Zhang CL, Zou Y, He W, Gage FH, Evans RM. A role for adult TLX-positive neural stem cells in learning and behaviour. Nature. 2008 Feb 21;451(7181):1004-7.

3. Tashiro A, Sandler VM, Toni N, Zhao C, Gage FH. NMDA-receptor-mediated, cell-specific integration of new neurons in adult dentate gyrus. Nature. 2006 Aug 24;442(7105):929-33.

4. Muotri AR, Gage FH. Generation of neuronal variability and complexity. Nature. 2006 Jun 29;441(7097):1087-93.

5. Lie DC, Colamarino SA, Song HJ, Désiré L, Mira H, Consiglio A, Lein ES, Jessberger S, Lansford H, Dearie AR, Gage FH. Wnt signalling regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Nature. 2005 Oct 27;437(7063):1370-5

第八位 Alan Colman， Ph.D. director of stem-cell research at King’s College London， UK

代表作文章

1. Colman A. Everyone listed on Dolly paper met established criteria for authorship.

Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1112；

2. Buzzard JJ, Gough NM, Crook JM, Colman A. Karyotype of human ES cells during extended culture. Nat Biotechnol. 2004 Apr;22(4):381-2;

3. Polejaeva IA, Chen SH, Vaught TD, Page RL, Mullins J, Ball S, Dai Y, Boone J, Walker S, Ayares DL, Colman A, Campbell KH. Cloned pigs produced by nuclear transfer from adult somatic cells. Nature. 2000 Sep 7;407(6800):86-90.

4. Gurdon JB, Colman A. The future of cloning. Nature. 1999 Dec 16;402(6763):743-6.

5. Colman A, Kind A. Therapeutic cloning: concepts and practicalities. Trends Biotechnol. 2000 May;18(5):192-6

並列第8位Fiona Watt, DPhil，ancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute， UK

1.Watt FM, Frye M, Benitah SA. MYC in mammalian epidermis: how can an oncogene stimulate differentiation? Nat Rev Cancer. 2008 Mar;8(3):234-42.

2. Takeda H, Lyle S, Lazar AJ, Zouboulis CC, Smyth I, Watt FM. Human sebaceous tumors harbor inactivating mutations in LEF1. Nat Med. 2006 Apr;12(4):395-7.

3. Benitah SA, Frye M, Glogauer M, Watt FM. Stem cell depletion through epidermal deletion of Rac1. Science. 2005 Aug 5;309(5736):933-5.

4. Watt FM, Hogan BL. Out of Eden: stem cells and their niches. Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1427-30.

5. Gandarillas A, Watt FM. c-Myc promotes differentiation of human epidermal stem cells.

Genes Dev. 1997 Nov 1;11(21):2869-82.

第9位

Ian Wilmut, PhD, DSc，英國愛丁堡大學再生醫學中心教授， University of Edinburgh, Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine， UK

1. Wilmut I, Taylor J. Stem cells: primates join the club. Nature. 2007 Nov 22;450(7169):485-6.

2. ilmut I, West MD, Lanza RP, Gearhart JD, Smith A, Colman A, Trounson AO, Campbell KH. Human embryonic stem cells. Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1903. Epub 2005 Dec 13.

3. Wilmut I, Beaujean N, de Sousa PA, Dinnyes A, King TJ, Paterson LA, Wells DN, Young LE.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nature. 2002 Oct 10;419(6907):583-6.

4. Ashworth D, Bishop M, Campbell K, Colman A, Kind A, Schnieke A, Blott S, Griffin H, Haley C, McWhir J, Wilmut I. DNA microsatellite analysis of Dolly. Nature. 1998 Jul 23;394(6691):329。

5. Campbell KH, McWhir J, Ritchie WA, Wilmut I. Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line. Nature. 1996 Mar 7;380(6569):64-6.

並列第9位

Elaine Fuchs, PhD Rockefeller University，Howard Hughes Medical Institute， USA 美國洛克菲勒大學教授， 休斯醫學研究所研究員。

代表作文章

1.Yi R, Poy MN, Stoffel M, Fuchs E. A skin microRNA promotes differentiation by repressing 'stemness'. Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):225-9。

2. Horsley V, Aliprantis AO, Polak L, Glimcher LH, Fuchs E. NFATc1 balances quiescence and proliferation of skin stem cells. Cell. 2008 Jan 25;132(2):299-310.

3. Nguyen H, Rendl M, Fuchs E. Tcf3 governs stem cell features and represses cell fate determination in skin. Cell. 2006 Oct 6;127(1):171-83.

4. Horsley V, O'Carroll D, Tooze R, Ohinata Y, Saitou M, Obukhanych T, Nussenzweig M, Tarakhovsky A, Fuchs E. Blimp1 defines a progenitor population that governs cellular input to the sebaceous gland. Cell. 2006 Aug 11;126(3):597-609

5. Perez-Moreno M, Davis MA, Wong E, Pasolli HA, Reynolds AB, Fuchs E. p120-catenin mediates inflammatory responses in the skin. Cell. 2006 Feb 10;124(3):631-44.

第十位Haifan Lin Ph.D. （林海凡） Director, Yale University Stem Cell program， USA 美國耶魯大學幹細胞中心主任

代表作文章

1.Yin H, Lin H. An epigenetic activation role of Piwi and a Piwi-associated piRNA in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature. 2007 Nov 8;450(7167):304-8.

2. Wang Z, Lin H. Nanos maintains germline stem cell self-renewal by preventing differentiation.

Science. 2004 Mar 26;303(5666):2016-9；

3. Deng W, Lin H. miwi, a murine homolog of piwi, encodes a cytoplasmic protein essential for spermatogenesis. Dev Cell. 2002 Jun;2(6):819-30.

4. Cox DN, Chao A, Baker J, Chang L, Qiao D, Lin H. A novel class of evolutionarily conserved genes defined by piwi are essential for stem cell self-renewal. Genes Dev. 1998 Dec 1;12(23):3715-27

5. Lin H. Stem cells: to be and not to be. Nature. 2003 Sep 25;425(6956):353-5

並列第10位Olle Lindvall, MD, PhD， 瑞典Lund大學幹細胞中心主任，Science雜誌評委

代表作文章

1.Lindvall O, Kokaia Z. Stem cells for the treatment of neurological disorders. Nature. 2006 Jun 29;441(7097):1094-6。

2. Lindvall O, Kokaia Z, Martinez-Serrano A. Stem cell therapy for human neurodegenerative disorders-how to make it work. Nat Med. 2004 Jul;10 Suppl:S42-50.

3. Arvidsson A, Collin T, Kirik D, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O. Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke. Nat Med. 2002 Sep;8(9):963-70.

4. Hagell P, Piccini P, Björklund A, Brundin P, Rehncrona S, Widner H, Crabb L, Pavese N, Oertel WH, Quinn N, Brooks DJ, Lindvall O. Dyskinesias following neural transplantation in Parkinson's disease. Nat Neurosci. 2002 Jul;5(7):627-8.

5. Björklund A, Lindvall O. Self-repair in the brain. Nature. 2000 Jun 22;405(6789):892-3, 895.

（飄俠編寫，轉載請註明出處）