ZT：炸藥獎級別的發現被編輯或同行審議拒絕的例子 Rejecting and resisting Nobel class discoveries: accounts by Nobel Laureates JUAN MIGUEL CAMPANARIO Departamento de Física, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain I review and discuss instances in which 19 future Nobel Laureates encountered resistance on the part of the scientific community towards their discoveries, and instances in which 24 future Nobel Laureates encountered resistance on the part of scientific journal editors or referees to manuscripts that dealt with discoveries that later would earn them the Nobel Prize. Table 1. Nobel class papers that had difficulties during the peer review process or that were rejected by editors of journals | Nobel laureate | Paper | Journal involved | | Binnig, Gerd; Rohrer, | Binnig, G.; Rohrer, H.; Gerber, Ch.; Weibel, E. (1982) Surface studies by scanning tunnelling | | | Heinrich | microscopy. Physical Review Letters, 49, 57-61. | | | Blumberg, Baruch S. | London, W.T.; Sutnick, A.I.; Blumberg, B.S. (1969) Australia antigen and acute viral hepatitis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 70, 55-59. | | | Boyer, Paul D. | Boyer, P.D.; Cross, R.L.; Momben, W. (1973) A new concept for energy coupling in oxidative | Journal of | | | phosphorylation based on a molecular explanation of the Oxygen exchange reaction. Proceedings | Biological | | | of the National Academy of Sciences-USA, 70, 2837-2839. | Chemistry | | Cech, Thomas R. | Bass, B.L.; Cech, T.R. (1984) Specific interaction between the self-splicing RNA of Tetrahymena | Nature | | | and its Guanosine substrate-Implications for biological catalysis by RNA. Nature, 308, 820-826. | | | Ernst, Richard R. | Ernst, R.R.; Anderson W.A. (1966) Application of Fourier transform spectroscopy to magnetic | Journal of | | | resonance. Review of Scientific Instruments, 37, 93-102. | Chemical Physics | | Furchgott, Robert F. | Furchgott, R.F.; Zawadzki, J.V. (1980) The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of | Nature | | | arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature, 288, 373-376. | | | Gell-Mann, Murray | Gell-Mann, M. (1953) Isotopic spin and new unstable particles. Physical Review, 92, 833-834. | Physical Review | | Krebs, Hans | Krebs, H.; Johnson, W.A. (1937) The role of citric acid in intermediate metabolism in animal | Nature | | | tissues. Enzymologia, 4, 148-156. | | | Kroemer, Herbert | Kroemer, H. (1963) A proposed class of heterojunction injection lasers. Proceedings of the IEEE, | Applied Physics | | | 51, 1782-1783. | Letters | | Laurterbur, Paul C. | Lauterbur, P.C. (1973) Image formation by induced local interactions: Examples employing | Nature | | | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Nature, 242, 190–191. | | | Lee, David M.; Osheroff, | D. D. Osheroff; Gully, W.J.; Richardson, R.C.; Lee D.M. (1972) New Magnetic Phenomena in | Physical Review | | Douglas D.; Richardson, | Liquid He3 below 3 mK. Physical Review Letters, 29, 920-923. | Letters | | Robert C. | | | | Mullis, Kary B. | Mullis, K.B.; Faloona, F.A. (1987) Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed | Nature and | | | chain reaction, Methods in Enzymology, 155, 335-350. | Science | | Polanyi, John C. | Polanyi, J.C. (1961) Proposal for an infrared maser dependent on vibrational excitation. Journal | Physical Review | | | of Chemical Physics, 34, 347-348. | Letters | | Tiselius, Arne | Tiselius, A. (1937) A new apparatus for electrophoretic analysis of colloidal mixtures. | “A biochemical | | | Transactions of the Faraday Society, 33, 524-531 | journal” | | Wigner, Eugene P. | Wigner, E.P. (1939) On the unitary representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group. Annals | | | | of Mathematics, 40, 149-204. | | | Yalow, Rosalyn S. | Berson, S.A.; Yalow, R.S.; Bauman, A.; Rothschild, M.A.; Newerly, K. (1956) Insulin-I131 | Science | | | metabolism in human subjects: Demonstration of insulin binding globulin in the circulation of | | | | insulin treated subjects Journal of Clinical Investigation, 35, 170-190 | |
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