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拜伦诗歌《惊艳》之英文格律解析
送交者: 曹雪葵 2017年10月18日06:50:59 于 [教育学术] 发送悄悄话

先细读原文:

She Walks in Beauty (By Baron Byron)

She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.

One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impaired the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express,
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!

不难发现,这首诗共18行,分作3段,全篇的押韵格式是:ABABAB CDCDCD EFEFEF。每行共4个音步,音步为抑扬格。“抑扬格”者,第一个音节轻读,第二个音节重读也。逐行解析如下:

She walks / in beau / ty, like / the night
Of cloud / less climes / and star / ry skies;
And all / that's best / of dark / and bright
Meet / in her / as pect / and her / eyes:
--- 此行音步不工:meet读长音而eyes读双元音,皆“重读”,却皆打单儿,前面少个轻读音节。
Thus mel / lowed to / that ten / der light
Which hea / ven to gau / dy day / de nies.
--- ven 和 to 都可轻读,可忽略一个以满足抑扬格。

One shade / the more, / one ray / the less,
Had half / im paired / the name / less grace
Which waves /in e / ve ry ra / ven tress,
--- ve 和 ry 都可重读,可忽略一个。
Or soft / ly ligh / tens o'er / her face;
Where thoughts /se rene /ly sweet / ex press,
How pure, / how dear / their dwell / ing-place.

And on / that cheek, / and o'er / that brow,
So soft, / so calm, / yet e / lo quent,
The smiles / that win, /the tints / that glow,
But tell / of days / in good / ness spent,
A mind / at peace / with all / be low,
A heart / whose love / is in /no cent!

个人感觉,英文格律诗以抑扬格四音步和五音部为多。它们英文的专业名称是:

iambic tetrameter 抑扬格四音步
iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步(基本上是出现在商赖诗中)





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