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萬維讀者網 > 教育學術 > 帖子
拜倫詩歌《驚艷》之英文格律解析
送交者: 曹雪葵 2017年10月18日06:50:59 於 [教育學術] 發送悄悄話

先細讀原文:

She Walks in Beauty (By Baron Byron)

She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellowed to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.

One shade the more, one ray the less,
Had half impaired the nameless grace
Which waves in every raven tress,
Or softly lightens o'er her face;
Where thoughts serenely sweet express,
How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,
So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,
The smiles that win, the tints that glow,
But tell of days in goodness spent,
A mind at peace with all below,
A heart whose love is innocent!

不難發現,這首詩共18行,分作3段,全篇的押韻格式是:ABABAB CDCDCD EFEFEF。每行共4個音步,音步為抑揚格。“抑揚格”者,第一個音節輕讀,第二個音節重讀也。逐行解析如下:

She walks / in beau / ty, like / the night
Of cloud / less climes / and star / ry skies;
And all / that's best / of dark / and bright
Meet / in her / as pect / and her / eyes:
--- 此行音步不工:meet讀長音而eyes讀雙元音,皆“重讀”,卻皆打單兒,前面少個輕讀音節。
Thus mel / lowed to / that ten / der light
Which hea / ven to gau / dy day / de nies.
--- ven 和 to 都可輕讀,可忽略一個以滿足抑揚格。

One shade / the more, / one ray / the less,
Had half / im paired / the name / less grace
Which waves /in e / ve ry ra / ven tress,
--- ve 和 ry 都可重讀,可忽略一個。
Or soft / ly ligh / tens o'er / her face;
Where thoughts /se rene /ly sweet / ex press,
How pure, / how dear / their dwell / ing-place.

And on / that cheek, / and o'er / that brow,
So soft, / so calm, / yet e / lo quent,
The smiles / that win, /the tints / that glow,
But tell / of days / in good / ness spent,
A mind / at peace / with all / be low,
A heart / whose love / is in /no cent!

個人感覺,英文格律詩以抑揚格四音步和五音部為多。它們英文的專業名稱是:

iambic tetrameter 抑揚格四音步
iambic pentameter 抑揚格五音步(基本上是出現在商賴詩中)





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