test

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

To Convert US to SI Unit
(multiplied by)

Sodium (Na⁺⁾
鈉

135--145 mEq/L

135--145 mmol/L

x 1

Potassium (K⁺)
鉀

3.5--5.0 mEq/L

3.5--5.0 mmol/L

x 1

Chloride ( Cl^-)
氯

97--109 mEq/L

97--109 mmol/L

x 1

Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) or CO₂
碳酸氫鹽

HCO₃^- 22--26 mEq/L;
PaCO₂ 35--45 mmHg.

HCO₃^- 22--26 mmol/L;
PaCO₂ 4.7--6.0 kPa

x1;

Blood Urea Nitrogen ( BUN)
血尿素氮

6--22 mg/dL

increased in acute glomerulonephritis,obstructive uropathy,mercury poisoning,nephrotic syndrome

decreased in severe hepatic failure,pregnancy

Creatinine
肌酐

0.7--1.4 mg/dL

62--124 µmol/L

x 88.5

Glucose
血糖

fasting: 70--110mg/dL;
Postprandial(2 hours):65--140mg/dL.

3.85--6.05 mmol/L;
3.58--7.7 mmol/L.

x 0.055

Calcium ( Ca²⁺⁾
鈣

8.5--10.5 mg/dL

2.12--2.62 mmol/L

x 0.25

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中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

WBC
(White blood cell count/Leukocyte count)

白細胞數

4,500--11,000/cu mm

4.5--11x10⁹/L

Neutrophils
(WBC differential count)

嗜中性粒細胞

45%--73%

Number fraction:
0.45--0.73

Eosinophils
(WBC differential count)

嗜酸性粒細胞

0%--4%

Number fraction:
0.00--0.04

Basophils
(WBC differential count)

嗜鹼性粒細胞

0%--1%

Number fraction:
0.00--0.01

Lymphocytes
(WBC differential count)

淋巴細胞

20%--40%

Number fraction:
0.2--0.4

Monocytes
(WBC differential count)

單核細胞

2%--8%

Number fraction:
0.02--0.08

RBC
(Red blood cell count/Erythrocyte count)

紅細胞數

Males: 4.3--6.2x10⁶/cu mm;
Females: 3.8--5.5x10⁶/cu mm

Males: 4.3--6.2x10¹²/L;
Females: 3.8--5.5x10¹²/L

Hemoglobin

血紅蛋白或血色素

Males:13--18 gm/dL;
Females:12--16gm/dL.

Males: 2.02--2.79 mmol/L;
Females:1.86--2.48 mmol/L.

Hematocrit

紅細胞比容 / 比積

Males:42%--52%;
Females:35%--47%.

Volume fraction:0.42--0.52;
Volume fraction: 0.35--0.47.

MCV
(Mean corpuscular volume)

平均紅細胞容積

84--96 cu mm

84--96 fL

MCH
(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin)

平均血紅蛋白量

28--33 pg/cell

28--33 pg/cell

MCHC
(Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration)

平均血紅蛋白濃度

33%--35%

concentration fraction:
0.33--0.35

Platelet count
(thrombocyte count)

血小板

150,000--450,000/cu mm

0.15--0.45x10¹²/L

MPV
(Mean platelet volume)

血小板平均體積

2.65 to 2.9 µm

9.7–12.8 fL

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中文

Reference range
in US Units

ReferenceRange
in SI Units

pH

pH值

7.35–7.45

7.35–7.45

H⁺

氫離子

35–45 nmol/L(nM)

35–45 nmol/L(nM)

PaO₂

血氧

80–100 mmHg

9.3–13.3 kPa

PaCO₂

二氧化碳

35–45 mmHg

4.7–6.0 kPa

HCO₃⁻

碳酸氫鹽

22–26 mEq/L

22--26 mmol/L

O2 sat

血氧飽和度

95 - 99%

95 - 99%

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中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Albumin (Alb)

白蛋白

3.5--5.0 g/dL

35--50 g/L

Alanine transaminase (ALT) or (SGPT)

谷丙轉氨酶/穀氨酸轉氨酶

9--60 U/L

9--60 U/L

Aspartate transaminase (AST) or(SGOT)

天冬氨酸氨基轉移酶

10--40 U/L

10--40 U/L

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)

鹼性磷酸酶

30--120 U/L

30--120 U/L

Total bilirubin (TBIL)

總膽紅素

0.1--1.2 mg/dL

1.7--20.4 µmol/L

Direct bilirubin

直接膽紅素

0--0.3 mg/dL

0--5.1 µmol/L

Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

γ-穀氨酰轉肽酶

0--51 U/L

0--51 U/L

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中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Human serum albumin

人血白蛋白

3.5--5.0 g/dL

35--50 g/L

Serum total protein

血清總蛋白

6.5--8.5 g/dL

65--85 g/L

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中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Serum iron

血清鐵（血液內游離的鐵離子）

Male: 65-177 μg/dL;
Female: 50-170 μg/dL

Male: 11.6-31.7 µmol/L; Female: 9.0-30.4 μmol/L

TIBC(Total iron-binding capacity)

血清總鐵結合力/血清運鐵容量

240--450 µg/dL

43.0--80.6 µmol/L

UIBC(Unsaturated iron-binding capacity)

未飽和鐵結合力

The UIBC is calculated by subtracting the serum iron from the TIBC.

UIBC= TIBC- Serum iron

Transferrin saturation
(= Serum iron/ TIBC)

運鐵蛋白飽和度

Male: 20-50%;
Female: 15-50%

Serum Ferritin

血清鐵蛋白（血液內結合狀態的鐵，檢查體內鐵缺乏的最靈敏的指標）

Males: 20--250 ng/mL; Females: 12--250 ng/mL

Males: 20--250 µg/L;
Females: 12--250 µg/L

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中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Total cholesterol

總膽固醇

recommended <200 mg/dL;
moderate risk 200--239 mg/dL;
high risk >240 mg/dL.

<5.2 mmol/L;
5.2--6.2 mmol/L;
>6.24 mmol/L

High density lipoprotein cholesterol
(HDL-C)
(good cholesterol )

高密度脂蛋白膽固醇
（好膽固醇）

major risk factor <40 mg/dL;
negative risk factor >59 mg/dL

x 0.026=mmol/L

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C)
(bad cholesterol )

低密度脂蛋白膽固醇
（壞膽固醇）

recommended <129 mg/dL;
moderate risk 130--159 mg/dL;
high risk >159 mg/dL.

x 0.026=mmol/L

Triglycerides

三酸甘油酯/甘油三酯

recommended 30--149 mg/dL
(<160)

x 0.011=mmol/L

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中文

Reference range
in US Units

Reference Range
in SI Units

Interpretation

TSH
(Thyroid-stimulating hormone)/Serum thyrotropin

甲狀腺刺激激素/促甲狀腺素

0.4--6 mIU/L
0.3 to 3.0 mIU/L(as of 2003 )

0.4--6 mIU/L

<0.4(低) ---possible hyperthyroidism(甲亢) ;
>6(高) ---hypothyroidism(甲減).
Note: the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists has revised these guidelines as of early 2003, narrowing the range to 0.3 to 3.0.

T3 / Serum triiodothyronine

血清三碘甲狀腺素

80 to 220 ng/dL

1.23--3.39 nmol/L

<80(低)---hypothyroidism(甲減);
>220(高)---Pregnancy,hyperthyroidism(甲亢)

Total T4 / Serum thyroxine

血清甲狀腺素

4.5--12.5 µg/dL

58.5--162.5 nmol/L

<4.5 can be indicative of an underfunctioning thyroid when TSH is also elevated.
>12.5(高)---hyperthyroidism(甲亢).
Low T4 with low TSH can sometimes indicate a pituitary problem.

Free T4 / Free Thyroxine

游離甲狀腺

0.7 to 2.0
ng/dL

9.0--25.8
pmol/L

<0.7 ---possible hypothyroidism(甲減)

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中文

Reference range
in US Units

Clinical significance

Prothrombin time

凝血酶原時間

12–15 seconds

Prolonged by deficiency of factors I,II,V,VII, and X, fat malabsorption, severe liver disease, coumadin anticoagulant therapy.

INR
(international normalized ratio )

國際標準化比值

1.0
2--3 for therapy in atrial fibrilation,deep vein thrombosis,and pulmonary embolism;
2.5--3.5 for therapy in prosthetic heart valves

INR used to standardize the prothrombin time and anticoagulation therapy.

Partial thromboplastin time (activated)

活化部分凝血激酶時間

25--30 seconds

Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen,factors II,V,VIII, IX,X,XI, and XII,and in heparin therapy.

Thrombin time

凝血酶時間

10--15 seconds

Prolonged by heparin, fibrin degradation products, lupus anticoagulant.

Troponin I  Reference Range

Interpretation   (判讀)

0.00--0.09

Normal

0.10--0.60

Possible indication of myocardial damage,  unstable angina, congestive heart failure, myocarditis, cardiac surgery or invasive testing. Clinical correlation is required.

>0.60

May indicate significant myocardial injury. Clinical correlation is required.

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Reference range
in US Units

Clinical significance

AFP (Alpha fetoprotein)

甲胎蛋白

<10 µg/L

Often elevated in liver cancers (hepatocellular) and testicular cancers (non-seminomatous). Raised levels are also present during pregnancy or some gastrointestinal cancers.

CA 15-3

CA 15-3

<30 IU/L

Increased in metastatic breast. Raised levels are also present in other non-malignant conditions (eg. cirrhosis, benign diseases of ovaries & breast).

CA 19-19

CA 19-19

<37 IU/L

Increased in pancreatic,hepatobiliary,gastric,and colorectal cancer,gallstones .Its level is best evaluated along with CEA marker test.

CA125

CA125

<35 IU/L

Increased in colon, upper gastrointestinal(GI),ovarian, and other gynecologic cancers; during menstruation,pregnancy or individuals with ovarian cysts,pericarditis,hepatitis,cirrhosis of the liver or peritonitis.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

癌胚抗原

0-2.5 µg/L(nonsmoker);
0-5 µg/L(smoker)

CEA was first identified in colon cancer. Elevated CEA levels are found in a variety of cancers other than colonic, including pancreatic, gastric, lung, and breast. It is also detected in benign conditions including cirrhosis, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic lung disease, and pancreatitis.

PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen)

前列腺特異性抗原

0-4 ng/ml

PSA is prostate-specific, not cancer-specific. A variety of conditions can raise PSA levels: prostatitis (prostate inflammation), benign prostatic hypertrophy (prostate enlargement), and prostate cancer.