2021-10-6
大陆最近在热播抗美神剧《长津湖》,手边正好有一部1982年出版的《朝鲜战争不为人知的故事》(Korea - The Untold Story of the War)。
书中有一些珍贵的照片,还有对战争细节的描述,都惨不忍睹。在第十五章《海军陆战队脱离险境》的结尾处,对这次战役中美双方两军伤亡的总结如下:
美军伤3,508人,死910人(Between October 26 and December 15 the 1st Marine Division had 4418 battle casualties - 604 killed in action, 114 dead of wounds,192 missing in action, 3,508 wounded in action. There were another 7,313 non-battle casualties, mostly minor frostbite or indigestion cases quickly returned to duty. In addition, 8 marine pilots were killed, 4 missing, another 3 wounded.)。
志愿军伤12,500人,死25,000人(By their own admission in documents captured later in the war, the Chinese opposing the marines suffered 37,500 casualties - 15,000 killed and 7,500 wounded by marine ground forces, plus 10,000 killed and 5,000 wounded by air operations.)。
实际上的数字,应该远不止如此,因为参加此次战役的中国人民志愿军第九集团军辖下的第20军、第26军和第27军共约16万人,都被打残了,不得不在朝鲜战争最为关键的数周,撤离了朝鲜战场,而美军第一师则轻伤不下火线,重振旗鼓,以利再战。
自己在长津湖精心布下了口袋,精锐尽出,以多对少,以逸待劳,瓮中捉鳖,却以死王近三十倍的巨大代价,让顽敌逃逸,毫发无损。
所谓内战内行,外战外行,长津湖就是一个很好的脚注。