2015-02-21

【Aiden in English】

        For as long as writing was invented, the East and West have been divided. Both became rivals, separated at war. They had huge differenced in ideals and music. So as our final treat of the night, mom bought the tickets to a concert of Sacred and Transcendent led by the Cellist Yo-Yo Ma’s Silk Road Ensemble and debuted with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra (NYPO) for Chinese New Year in Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. 

        It is well-known that the music of the East and West are largely different. For example, a scale in the East would only contain 5 notes or the pentatonic, while a scale in the West would have at the least 7 notes or the diatonic. Now what would happen if they came together? Would it be catastrophic or beautifully organized harmony? 

        Mom led us across a huge road on Columbus Ave & Broadway outside of the Shun Lee Chinese restaurant, and we plopped in front of the Lincoln Center. By now, it was flurrying snow, and the ground was all slushy from cars driving by in Midtown Manhattan. We went inside and roamed around Avery Fisher Hall, home of the NYPO until the concert time. This concert was all about bringing the Eastern and Western music together. The four of us would experience how the prestigious musicians performed the traditional music for thousands of years. As Confucius said, to educate somebody, you should start with poems, emphasize ceremonies, and finish with music.

         Performers walked on stage to their seats and warmed their instruments up. I saw a clarinet, a pipa or lute, drums, a trumpet, an accordion, a dulcimer, and a few of other string instruments. All of a sudden, they all shushed and a sound burst from somewhere in the audience. It was a gaita, loud and clear. There walking down the aisle was a woman holding an enormous gaita. The sound was very piercing like a whistle, but had a pitch to it. Then across the room, another instrument played. Mom told me that it was a suona. At first, I thought was a flute. After taking a closer look, it seemed more like a mini trumpet, silver and the size of my hand. It sounded extremely high and slightly made my head hurt. The gaita and the suona traded solos for Fanfare of Gaita, Suona, and Brass as both players slowly walked toward the stage. They were greeted by an all out explosion of sound from the other instruments. It seemed chaotic, loud and uncontrollable. The pipa strung as if there was no tomorrow. The clarinet player’s face turned a shade of red and purple from the lack of air that I didn’t even know. The song then gave each instrument a time to shine, passing along the solos to each instrument. Some of instruments like the clarinet were able to play loudly while others, like the pipa, seemed really quiet all by itself. As the live show went on, Yo-Yo Ma led the group to play the repertoire of the Silk Road Suite and Selections from Sacred Signs: Concerto for 13 Musicians. 

        After the intermission, on came the NYPO with Death and Transfiguration, Op. 24 by R. Strauss. Yo-Yo Ma appeared first, and then followed by the conductor Alan Gilbert. When they played the last piece of Rose of the Winds by Osvaldo Golijov, the East and West in my mind differentiated even more. The West had order, and every single note they played sounded controlled. The conductor was in total a command of everything, and each player needed to contribute a certain amount to make the song sound beautiful. Yet, after witnessing such performance, the East sounded too uneventful. The louds and softs were there, but too… unextreme. 

        I believed that when there were two extremes, the best solution was the median, for example, sweet and sour, hot and cold, chaotic and uneventful. So for the second part of the show, on came the first and second group. As they played, the first group stood out. The people in the NYPO had no expression in their movements, while the others were swaying like drunken ducks. But they had to hold back from drowning out the orchestra. The NYPO faded into the background ready to play when they were requested. The first group also could be hushed when necessary. The median had been found.

        The middle is an important thing, all around the world. So as we left NYC, I learned not only about cultures all over the world, but also a lesson of life. 

【红霞译文】

        有史以来，世界上东西半球一直矛盾重重，双方各自为政，人们曾不惜诉诸武力激化彼此对立，这种状况甚至波及到意识形态及其音乐领域，而我们今晚的压轴戏就 是要鉴赏融合了两种文化的音乐会──妈妈事先选好的“神圣与超越”，由大提琴家马友友为首的“丝绸之路民乐队”联手纽约爱乐乐团，在纽约林肯演艺中心首次 为庆祝春节举行同台演出。

        众所周知，东西方音乐存有很大不同，例如：东方民乐中由五个音符（12356即宫商角徵羽）组成五声音阶，而西洋乐则至少由八度音程CDEFGABC组成七声音阶。现在当五声音阶与七声音阶同台献艺，结果怎样？是刺耳的配器，还是动听的和弦？

         我们走出“顺利园”中餐馆，在妈妈的率领下，大家徒步横穿哥伦布大道与百老汇街交汇处宽广马路，浩浩荡荡地朝对面林肯中心挺进。此时此刻，虽然北风那个吹雪花这个飘，但曼哈顿中城依然灯火辉煌，飞身驶过的车辆溅起一道道污雪浊水，我们深一脚浅一脚坚定地跋涉在泥泞的道路上，尽快躲进艾弗里•费雪厅──纽约爱乐乐团大本营等候演出开始。该场音乐会集东方多元民族风格及西方古典音乐曲式之大成，让我们一行四人共同体验渗透着几千年传统文化底蕴的精美音乐，孔夫子也说过:“诗之所至，礼亦至焉，礼之所至，乐亦至焉。”

        民乐表演家依次走上舞台各就各位，开始给自己的乐器调音，整个乐队有单簧管、琵琶、鼓乐、小号、手风琴、扬琴、还有其它弦乐器。突然大家一下子安静下来， 唯有声音从观众席一侧传来，原来是嘹亮清脆的风笛，只见一位女乐手吹起巨大的风笛，音质宛如口哨一般尖厉高亢，但音色略有不同。这时又有声音从观众席另外 一侧传来，妈妈告诉我叫唢呐，起先我还误以为是长笛，仔细一看，发现它很像小号，呈银白色，跟我巴掌差不多大，它的音调极高，听起来有点叫我心惊肉跳。风 笛和唢呐分别领奏引子，随后其它乐器加入进来一起合奏《风笛唢呐铜管乐主题曲》，配器上因为着力渲染多样性，而使旋律显得热闹但缺乏韵致，令人不免心生失控的感觉。琵琶轮指击弦猛烈，大有雄霸天下只待今朝之势; 单簧管演员用力猛吹，满脸涨得红一块紫一块，可能因胸气不畅所致。每首曲目中，各个乐器都有独奏机会，有的声音很大，比如单簧管；有的声音则很小，比如琵琶。接下来马友友与民乐队一起演奏了《丝绸之路组曲》和《圣洁印迹节选：13位音乐家协奏曲》。

        中场休息之后，轮到纽约爱乐乐团上场，马友友与指挥艾伦•吉尔伯特先后登台亮相，为观众带来了德国作曲家理查德•史特劳斯《死与升华•作品第24号》。当 他们与丝绸之路民乐队合作演奏阿根廷作曲家奥斯瓦尔多•格利约夫《玫瑰之路》时，我清楚地意识到东西方音乐之间的差别。演奏这首交响曲，用西洋七声音阶听起来比较顺耳，每一个音符都富有情感，在指挥的带领下，各个乐器的特长发挥得尽善尽美。而用东方五声音阶则觉得旋律过于平淡，虽有强弱变化，但因戏剧性不足而缺乏感染力。

         不过我相信，当遇到两个极端时，例如：甜与酸、热与冷、混乱与平静，最好的解决办法就是要找出折中的套路。就拿下半场双方同台演奏来说，民乐部分应提高表现能力，管弦部分则需收敛一点；民乐出任主角，管弦扮演配角，并随时做好配合民乐的准备，同时民乐要把握好力度，这样才会东西合璧。

         中庸之道天人合一，其实这是东西方音乐和谐交融的基点。此次纽约之行，我不仅对世界文化有所了解，同时还学到一点处事哲学。