破除關於新冠疫苗的謠傳 ZT

Original 宵枚 俄州亞太聯盟 Yesterday

贊助：DrMengAcademy.com

【https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/K2GoSx0RjwAaE-aYaYUcTw】

前言：打疫苗，美國有些人有顧慮。紐約的連鎖診所CityMD特地推出一篇文章，針對人們的錯誤觀點， 加以澄清。在這裡和大家分享英文原文，並且加了中文翻譯（意譯為主）。Myth就是似是而非的不實觀點。中文說就是謠言、謠傳。這篇文章的主要內容是2021年2月初發出的。

COVID-19 VACCINE MYTH BUSTING

破除關於COVID-19疫苗的謠傳（第一部分）

Should I get it or not? That's the big question many are asking right now when it comes to the COVID-19 vaccine. Unfortunately, there's a lot of false and misleading information circulating, especially on social media, that is making the question difficult to answer. With the help of Dr. Ashish Parikh, Chief Quality Officer of Summit CityMD, we’ve laid out some of the most common myths surrounding the existing vaccines and dispel them with facts.

打，還是不打疫苗？對一些人來說，是一個問題。紐約城市急症系統（urgent care）的醫療總監艾士師·帕瑞科針對坊間流行的遙傳和顧慮做了以下解說。

1。MYTH: People with underlying conditions should not get the vaccine.

是不是有基礎病的人，比如說高血壓，糖尿病，心臟病，甲狀腺疾病，癌症穩定期的病人，不應該打新冠（COVID）疫苗？

FACT:

One serious piece of misinformation is that the vaccine could harm or kill you if you have underlying medical conditions. The vaccine trials included not only healthy people but also people with chronic conditions including those living with HIV. The vaccines were found to be highly effective in all populations included.

這是一種錯誤的說法。在疫苗做三期實驗時，不僅健康人群參加了實驗，許多有慢性病的人也參加了實驗。實驗證明了疫苗對所有的人都有保護作用。（對於那些病情不穩定的人，最好詢問自己的醫生後，再打疫苗。比如說，心臟病的病人，詢問心臟病科的醫生; 腎臟病的病人，詢問腎臟病的醫生; 有癌症的病友，詢問自己的癌症專家。。。）

While data for all categories of patients is not yet available, Dr. Parikh says that adult patients with immunosuppression, autoimmune diseases, and active cancers, as well as those who take anticoagulants (blood thinners), are all encouraged to take the vaccine. "It's not only 95 percent effective at reducing the risk of getting COVID-19; it's almost 100 percent effective at reducing the risk of getting a severe case of it," he says. "The bottom line is that the people who are most afraid of getting the vaccine are the ones who are also the most at risk of contracting severe cases of the virus itself. So, when the vaccine is available to you, I strongly recommend you get it."

帕瑞科醫生說，所有有基礎病的人，都應該打疫苗。因為疫苗不僅可以最大限度地避免得病，即使萬一得了病，也會減輕症狀。

2。MYTH: The vaccine cannot be taken by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding.

懷孕的婦女和餵奶的媽媽應該打疫苗嗎？

FACT:

One false theory that exists is that a spike protein of the virus and the human placenta share a tiny code in genetic material, thus causing the COVID-19 antibodies to attack the reproductive system. This theory has no scientific backing, and there is zero evidence that the antibodies created by the body to fight COVID-19 have any impact on the placenta or its development. In fact, the placental protein, syncytin-1, and the coronavirus spike protein just aren't similar enough.

有一種謠傳說COVID的抗體會傷害人類的生育系統。這種說法是沒有科學根據的。

Dr. Parikh notes that pregnant women are at a slightly higher risk for complications of COVID-19, which is why they should consider being inoculated against it. "We encourage women who are pregnant to discuss the risks of COVID-19 and the benefits of the vaccine with their provider. Women at increased risk for infection like those who work in health care should strongly consider getting vaccinated," he says.

帕瑞科醫生說，"如果傳染上了COVID，懷孕的婦女，比別人多了一點點危險性會轉成重症，所以她們應該打疫苗"。

帕瑞科醫生還說，"我們鼓勵孕婦和她的婦產科醫生討論是不是應該打疫苗的事。對那些在醫護崗位上工作的孕婦，我們強烈推薦她們打疫苗"。

"As for breastfeeding, the vaccine does not make its way into breast milk. However, protective antibodies will be passed on to the nursing infant, which is a good thing.”

"對於那些哺乳的婦女來說，疫苗不會進入母奶，而且，哺乳的婦女打了疫苗後，他們的抗體可以通過母乳給到嬰兒。挺好的，對不對"?

For now, if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, it is recommended that you discuss the benefits and potential unknown risks of vaccination with your health care provider to determine what’s best for you and your baby.

所以，我們建議懷孕和哺乳的婦女和她們的醫生討論打疫苗的事兒。

3。MYTH: The vaccine cannot be taken by women who are trying to conceive.

如果女人想懷孕，是不是不應該打疫苗？

FACT:

Another big rumor circulating is that the COVID-19 vaccines cause infertility, but this is another baseless claim. There is no evidence that the vaccine impacts fertility. In fact, there were people participating in the clinical trials that became pregnant during the study period.

說什麼疫苗影響懷孕，這也是一個沒有科學根據的謠傳。事實是，有女人在參加疫苗實驗期間懷孕的。

4。MYTH: The vaccine will change my DNA.

聽說疫苗會改變人的基因？

FACT:

Another concern that has come up is that the vaccine may somehow change your DNA or genes. This rumor started because the vaccine contains a small piece of genetic material called RNA. This RNA in the vaccine is a code to help your body make the spike protein of the virus which in turn activates your immune system and helps you develop immunity. “The RNA from the vaccine is quickly broken down soon after injection and will not remain in your body for any significant time. And there's no way it can change your DNA," says Dr. Parikh.

這也是一個謠言。帕瑞科醫生說，疫苗的RNA在注射到身體中之後，很快就會分解而不會一成不變地存在在身體中。根本不可能成為人們的基因。

破除關於COVID-19疫苗的謠傳（第二部分）

COVID-19 VACCINE MYTH BUSTING

5。MYTH: The risk of possible reactions outweighs the benefits of the vaccine.

有人說打疫苗的危險，大於打疫苗的好處。

FACT:

There is also a cluster of concerns that the vaccine will cause fatalities, anaphylactic shock, Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), Bell's palsy, or COVID-19 itself. Mainstream and social media reports from across the globe contribute to these fears.

有一系列的謠傳，說打了疫苗會死人，會得窒息性過敏，會得格林-巴氏癱瘓症，會面癱等等。確實也有媒體報道在世界各地零星散發的個案。

帕瑞科醫生說，"其實打疫苗最嚴重的副作用就是窒息性嚴重過敏症。但是這種過敏是可以治療的" 。他還說，疫苗可以降低得病的嚴重性，而得病後即使痊癒，有時也有後遺症。目前我們對COVID的後遺症，還不完全了解。

"The most serious adverse reaction to be concerned about is anaphylaxis—and it's totally treatable," he says. "It also has lower incidence than the serious complications of getting COVID-19, which we don't yet know the long-term effects of."

There have been no cases of GBS reported due to the vaccine. And in terms of Bell's palsy, the CDC cites the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reports that it does not consider these to be above the rate expected in the general population. They have not concluded these cases were caused by vaccination.

至今為止，沒有出現與打疫苗相關的格林-巴爾癱瘓症出現。至於短暫性面癱，CDC說，打COVID疫苗後，出現的極個別案例，並不比打其它疫苗出現的這種案例比例高。

帕瑞科醫生說，迄今為止的疫苗注射記錄給我們一個重要信息: 那些打了疫苗後死亡的人，包括那些死亡於老人院的病人，他們的死因都是由於他們的基礎病。而且，這些死亡比率，並不高於打了其它疫苗後的死亡率。

換句話說，COVID的疫苗，和其它我們平時就已經打的疫苗，比如流感疫苗，帶狀疱疹疫苗安全性應該是差不多的。

Dr. Parikh says that for all reactions documented so far, it's important to note that any unfortunate issues, including deaths in long-term care facilities, are largely coincidental and due to existing conditions unrelated to COVID-19. These instances are also not above the normal rate and may arise with the administration of any vaccine.

6。MYTH: The vaccine may give me COVID-19.

還有人聽信謠言，說疫苗會給人COVID 疾病。

FACT:

事實是我們現在的疫苗不存在活的病毒，完全沒有可能誰能從疫苗那裡傳染上病毒。

小知識：過去經常有人說他們打了流感疫苗，反而得了嚴重的流感。怎麼回事呢？疫苗幫助人們的身體製造抗體，使人們不容易感染疾病。但是，這並不等於人們就被唐僧劃出的金光圈完全保護了起來。有人打了疫苗，就以為自己百毒不侵，當然有可能得病。流感有四、五十種。每年的流感疫苗只管兩，三種可能出現的流感病毒。COVID疫苗也有這個情況，現在上市的疫苗，對變異的病毒有效率，也有減低的情況。不過儘管保護作用減低，疫苗還是有效地減少了重症病例。多說一句，流感疫苗也是一樣。打了流感疫苗，重症也減低。不過這種減低，往往是醫護人員觀察對比得出的結論，被減少了的住院率和死亡率來證實。而那些得了病的人，有着以為自己打了疫苗就會百毒不侵的期望，現實太骨感，所以痛苦可能是加倍了的。

還回到COVID疫苗，至今為止，沒有疫苗是100%可以防病。變異病毒的出現，更給有效率打了一些折扣。所以打了疫苗，還要戴口罩，保持安全距離，洗手，不聚會，少旅行。

The vaccines currently available (Pfizer and Moderna) do not contain live virus, so there is no way for someone to contract the virus from the vaccine itself. The vaccine helps your body make antibodies against the virus and during this process you might feel ill for a day or two. But that's not the same as getting the disease.

7。MYTH: The new virus strains are resistant to the vaccine.

"疫苗對變異病毒無效"，這也是個謠傳。

FACT:

事實是病毒總是在不斷地變異。事實一是新的病毒，比原來的病毒傳播的快一些，毒性大一些。但是疫苗對人還是有保護作用。為了更好地防疫，我們打了疫苗還要戴口罩，保持安全距離。相信專家，不要相信謠傳。

The virus has been continually mutating since it was discovered. Several new strains of COVID-19 have recently made the news because they have been shown to spread more easily and may make people sicker. The vaccines have been tested against these new strains, and current evidence suggests that getting the vaccine will still protect you. However, it is still recommended that in addition to getting the vaccine, you should continue wearing your mask around people who are not members of your household, as well as washing your hands, and practicing proper social distancing.

Listen to the Experts.

If you're worried about getting the vaccine, don't rely on social media posts for information. There are plenty of facts right at your fingertips. Ask your physician or head to the CDC COVID-19 vaccine website, which has a lot of reliable information about the vaccine.

8。最近美國陽性病例連續6、7周下降。二月末，COVID死亡率也出現了下降。但是，變異病毒仍是大家心中的擔憂。CDC瓦主任今天警告大家，COVID的第四波還是有可能的。她請求大家嚴格遵守防疫原則: 戴口罩，保持安全距離，不要聚會，避免旅行，如果輪到你打疫苗了，不要猶豫，去打疫苗。

9。2月27日，美國食品和藥物管理局（FDA）宣布緊急獲批強生公司的新冠疫苗。這是美國目前批准上市的第三款疫苗，只需打一針，對工作忙時間緊的人，是個福音。它對重症有效率為85.9%。

強生疫苗不必在極低的溫度下保存，還可以安全地在普通冰箱中保存三個月。而且它在預防來自南非的高傳染性B.1.351方面比輝瑞和Moderna疫苗表現更好。

強生疫苗預計在本周將陸續分發300萬劑，6月底之前將達到分發1億劑。

10。此前美國政府訂購的6億劑輝瑞疫苗和Moderna疫苗計劃在7月底之前給所有美國居民完成施打，現在因為強生疫苗的加入，預計這個時間還會提前，也算是一個好消息了。

福奇博士稱三種疫苗都很好，敦促大家在符合接種條件時，儘快接種任何可獲得的疫苗。

11。輝瑞計劃實施打第三劑新冠疫苗

儘管接種兩劑輝瑞新冠疫苗後，對預防新冠病毒感染有效性到達95%，但輝瑞公司現在正在研究注射三劑疫苗的效果，這是預防變種病毒的一大策略。該公司周四宣布，正在對6個多月前接受第一劑疫苗的人進行加強劑量的研究。輝瑞公司首席執行官Albert Bourla相信第三劑疫苗將把抗體反應提高10-20倍。

12。FDA最近的研究表明，輝瑞疫苗有可能不需要超低溫來保存。

強生疫苗批准之後，又有人製造中文謠言沙拉：他們把一些唬人的科學名詞，混到一些唬人的謠言結論中去。目的何在？抓眼球？惡搞過癮？啊啊啊，他們真的不知道造謠的後果嗎？

宵枚編譯 參考CityMD給大眾的科普郵件，"一畝三分地"公眾號，2-28-2021