On the Weight Reduction of Metals due to Temperature Increments
C. Y. Lo
Abstract
Based on E = mc2, Einstein remarked that an increase of E in the amount of energy must be accompanied by an increase of E/c2 in mass; and thus the increased temperature would lead to an increased weight. However, based on the recently discovered charge-mass interaction, it is predicted instead that a heated up matter would have a reduced weight. Experimentally, Fan, Feng, and Liu found that the weights of six kinds of metals including gold, silver, copper, nickel, aluminum, and iron decrease (instead of increased) as the temperature increases from 100 degree to 600 degree. Nevertheless, Fan et al. see this weight reduction as only a result of modifying the mass in Newtonian gravity, but not due to a new repulsive force. Thus, they could have concluded that Einstein’s equivalence principle was invalid. Moreover, this would not help solving the NASA space-probe anomaly. Therefore, it is necessary to explain that their experimental results are essentially due to a repulsive charge-mass interaction; and that the theories of Galileo, Newton and Einstein are inadequate. It is pointed out that Einstein’s error started from his inadequate assumption on the photons having only electromagnetic energy. However, Einstein’s equivalence principle remains valid although many have claimed otherwise. Moreover, after rectifications based on analysis and experiments, Einstein emerges as an even greater physicist since Einstein’s unification has been proved as correct by the charge-mass interaction.
04.20.Cv; 04.50.-h; 04.50.Kd; 04.80.Cc
