溫德爾.拜瑞(Wendell Berry)簡介:
溫德爾.拜瑞是一位美國詩人、隨筆作家、農民和小說家, 他於1934 年8月5 日 出生在肯塔基的新堡。1956 年他在肯塔基大學獲得英語學士, 1957 年又獲得文學碩士學位。溫德爾.拜瑞是三十二本詩歌、隨筆和小說的書作者。自1965 年以來他工作在肯塔基亨利郡的一個農場。他曾是肯塔基大學的英語教授,並任在哥根海姆基金會和洛克菲勒基金會的理事。他的作品曾獲過許多獎, 包括1971 年的國家藝術和文學院獎, 和最近因創造性寫作而獲的 T.S. 艾略特獎。他的書有: [家庭經濟學],[動盪的美國: 文化與農業],[好土地的禮物],[性、經濟、自由, 和社會]等。紐約書評介紹溫德爾.拜瑞時寫道:"一個肯塔基農民和作家, 也許是我們當代偉大的道德倫理隨筆作家"。基督徒科學箴言報稱:"拜瑞是我們現今先知的美國人的聲音。"
溫德爾.拜瑞詩(12首):
給我讀者的一個警告
別以為我溫柔和氣
因為我對溫和說讚美之詞
別以為我高雅講究
因為我尊敬這世界保有的優美之容
我是個與任何人一樣的粗人
講話粗魯,不寬容,
固執,生氣,易發作
勃然大怒。時常
我講話還很好,
卻不是很自然。
奇妙就是奇妙。
A Warning To My Readers
Do not think me gentle
because I speak in praise
of gentleness, or elegant
because I honor the grace
that keeps this world. I am
a man crude as any,
gross of speech, intolerant,
stubborn, angry, full
of fits and furies. That I
may have spoken well
at times, is not natural.
A wonder is what it is.
沉默
儘管空中充滿歌唱
我的頭腦卻吵鬧
詞語的勞作。
儘管這季節果實豐富
我的舌頭卻要為
講話的甜蜜而飢餓。
儘管這山毛櫸色澤金黃
我卻不能站它旁邊
無語,而必須說
“它是金色的,”而葉子
卻隨着一個無名之聲
搖曳飄落。
在沉默里
是我的希望,和目標。
一段歌
我不能講出或唱出詞
聽似男人的沉默
象一個樹根。讓我說
而不哀悼:世界
在那處說的死亡中存活
並唱歌。
The Silence
Though the air is full of singing
my head is loud
with the labor of words.
Though the season is rich
with fruit, my tongue
hungers for the sweet of speech.
Though the beech is golden
I cannot stand beside it
mute, but must say
"It is golden," while the leaves
stir and fall with a sound
that is not a name.
It is in the silence
that my hope is, and my aim.
A song whose lines
I cannot make or sing
sounds men's silence
like a root. Let me say
and not mourn: the world
lives in the death of speech
and sings there.
樹木
我分開盛氣凌人的枝條
進入神聖的
賜福樹下。
雖然我沉默
卻有歌唱環繞我。
雖然我黯淡
卻有視幻環繞我。
雖然我沉重
卻有飛翔環繞我。
Woods
I part the out thrusting branches
and come in beneath
the blessed and the blessing trees.
Though I am silent
there is singing around me.
Though I am dark
there is vision around me.
Though I am heavy
there is flight around me.
蛇
在十月末
我在林地上發現
一條小蛇
背部裝飾着暗色的圖案
象他所躺在的樹葉一般。
他的身體因一隻鼠
或小鳥變粗了。他凍着了,
如此僵木因他鼓脹的腹部
和秋天的空氣,他不能來回
轉動他的舌頭。
我握着他好長時間,考慮
他背上圖案的完美,死物
腫脹了他,他活受嚴寒。
現在他的寒冷留在
我的手上,而我想着他
躺在冰點以下
帶有一個死物的碩大支承他
長眠。
Snake
The Snake
At the end of October
I found on the floor of the woods
a small snake whose back
was patterned with the dark
of the dead leaves he lay on.
His body was thickened with a mouse
or small bird. He was cold,
so stuporous with his full belly
and the fall air that he hardly
troubled to flicker his tongue.
I held him a long time, thinking
of the perfection of the dark
marking on his back, the death
that swelled him, his living cold.
Now the cold of him stays
in my hand, and I think of him
lying below the frost,
big with a death to nourish him
during a long sleep.
我們需要的都在這裡
大雁高高地在我們上方出現,
通過,而天空封閉。放棄,
如同在愛與睡眠里,保持
它們走它們的路,明確
在古老的信念里:我們需要的
都在這裡。而我們祈禱,不
是為求新的大地或天堂,而是為了
心中平靜從容,眼中清晰
明亮。我們需要的都在這裡。
What We Need Is Here
Geese appear high over us,
pass, and the sky closes. Abandon,
as in love or sleep, holds
them to their way, clear
in the ancient faith: what we need
is here. And we pray, not
for new earth or heaven, but to be
quiet in heart, and in eye,
clear. What we need is here.
隱藏的歌手
神不那麼神聖因為他們喜愛讚揚。
在他們上下是一種精神不需要什麼
除了其自身完整,它的和我們的健康。
通過劃分自己它已做成所有東西。
它會再次成為整體。
它的喜悅是因為我們走到一起—
看者與被看者,食者與被食者,
愛者與被愛者。
它在我們的結合中了解自己。然後與我們,
不是作為在非塵世之火中名至頂點的神,
而是作為一隻隱藏在片片樹葉之中的小鳥
平靜地歌唱和等待,歌唱着。
The Hidden Singer
The gods are less for their love of praise.
Above and below them all is a spirit that needs nothing
but its own wholeness, its health and ours.
It has made all things by dividing itself.
It will be whole again.
To its joy we come together --
the seer and the seen, the eater and the eaten,
the lover and the loved.
In our joining it knows itself. It is with us then,
not as the gods whose names crest in unearthly fire,
but as a little bird hidden in the leaves
who sings quietly and waits, and sings.
實際工作
也許當我們不再知道
去做什麼
我們才開始我們的實際工作,
而當我們不再知道
走哪條路
我們才開始我們的真正旅途。
不被使用的是難不倒的大腦。
被阻塞的是正在唱歌的小河。
The Real Work
It may be that when we no longer know what to do
we have come our real work,
and that when we no longer know which way to go
we have come to our real journey.
The mind that is not baffled is not employed.
The impeded stream is the one that sings.
生就務農的人
樹的種植者,園丁,生就務農的人,
他的手觸入大地而給他發芽的
土壤是一種神藥。他一年年地進入
死亡,並回來慶祝。他看見光躺在
糞堆里,又在穀物中站起。
他的思緒象只鼴鼠沿着田壠邊通行。
他吞下了何等神奇的種子
使他口中流出他的愛的無盡詞句
象一根藤依附於陽光中,象水
降落在黑暗裡。
The Man Born to Farming
The Grower of Trees, the gardener, the man born to farming,
whose hands reach into the ground and sprout
to him the soil is a divine drug. He enters into death
yearly, and comes back rejoicing. He has seen the light lie down
in the dung heap, and rise again in the corn.
His thought passes along the row ends like a mole.
What miraculous seed has he swallowed
That the unending sentence of his love flows out of his mouth
Like a vine clinging in the sunlight, and like water
Descending in the dark?
為了未來
我們在春天儘早植樹,
做一個讓鳥及時唱歌的去處。
我們又怎麼曉得?
它們此時此地正正在唱歌。
沒有其它的保證
那歌唱永遠不停。
For The Future
Planting trees early in spring,
we make a place for birds to sing
in time to come. How do we know?
They are singing here now.
There is no other guarantee
that singing will ever be.
在這個世界裡
小山牧場,一個林間空曠地,
傾斜入山谷。紅花草和高高的青草
茁壯生長。沿着山腳
暗色的洪水流下河。
太陽落下。鳥兒搶在夜幕降落前歌唱。
我已攀上去飲馬
現坐下休息,在高高的山坡上,
讓這時日聚集並消失。在我之下
牛在寬廣的低洼地上吃草,
象星星一般緩慢和專注。在這個世界裡
人正制訂計劃,耗盡他們自己,
消磨他們的生活,為了相互殘殺。
In this World
The hill pasture, an open place among the trees,
tilts into the valley. The clovers and tall grasses
are in bloom. Along the foot of the hill
dark floodwater moves down the river.
The sun sets. Ahead of nightfall the birds sing.
I have climbed up to water the horses
and now sit and rest, high on the hillside,
letting the day gather and pass. Below me
cattle graze out across the wide fields of the bottomlands,
slow and preoccupied as stars. In this world
men are making plans, wearing themselves out,
spending their lives, in order to kill each other.
在分離中的一次相遇
在一個夢中我遇見
我的亡友。我知道,
他走了很久很遠,
可他還是那樣
因為死者沒有改變。
他們不再長老。
我卻已經改變,
長得陌生於曾經的我。
可我,這改變了的人,
問到:“你一向怎樣?”
他咧嘴看着我。
“我一直在吃強壯
美好樹上掉下的桃子。”
A Meeting in A Part
In a dream I meet
my dead friend. He has,
I know, gone long and far,
and yet he is the same
for the dead are changeless.
They grow no older.
It is I who have changed,
grown strange to what I was.
Yet I, the changed one,
ask: "How you been?"
He grins and looks at me.
"I been eating peaches
off some mighty fine trees."
1991-I
這一年始於戰爭。
我們的炸彈日夜落下,
時時刻刻,通過死在
海外撫慰家裡的
憤怒,愚蠢和貪心。
在我們令人眩暈的塔上
我們會完全統治世界。
我們的憎恨下來殺害
那些我們沒看見的人,
因為我們已經把
我們的見解給了那些執政者
和機器,而現在是盲目
面對整個世界。
這是一個沒有可愛的事
能夠持久的國度。
我們踐踏,欺詐和摧毀;
人民離開土地;
土地流到大海。
優秀男女死去,
精美老宅坍塌,
漂亮的古樹跌倒在地;
高速公里和購物中心
還在保證這權力
和自由成為
一個和平的兇手,
一個殺人的崇拜者,
一個瘦小的貪食者,不
原諒敵人,不被人
原諒,我們生活自由
死亡,成為
我們已恐怕成為的東西。
1991-I
The year begins with war.
Our bombs fall day and night,
Hour after hour, by death
Abroad appeasing wrath,
Folly, and greed at home.
Upon our giddy tower
WeÕd oversway the world.
Our hate comes down to kill
Those whom we do not see,
For we have given up
Our sight to those in power
And to machines, and now
Are blind to all the world.
This is a nation where
No lovely thing can last.
We trample, gouge, and blast;
The people leave the land;
The land flows to the sea.
Fine men and women die,
The fine old houses fall,
The fine old trees come down:
Highway and shopping mall
Still guarantee the right
And liberty to be
A peaceful murderer,
A murderous worshipper,
A slender glutton, Forgiving
No enemy, forgiven
By none, we live the death
Of liberty, become
What we have feared to be.
[溫德爾.拜瑞詩選] 評述:
如果我來評述[溫德爾.拜瑞詩選] ,唯一公正的就是顯露我對這部作品的偏心:只是這本詩選集把我對詩歌的激情從反常的睡眠中喚醒。拜瑞的寫作使我笑聲突發,令我雙眼盈淚。這些詩在呼吸。
在他選擇的詩中,溫德爾.拜瑞為陷入與大地狂熱的愛,為復活野性進行了深刻的爭辯。他作為親密教師分享他的土地的經驗—一棵美國梧桐是一個走向高尚的嚮導,一片傾斜的岩石唱着他的一段歷史,河流是他變化的黑暗奧秘的授課者。他的詩被浸泡在大地的濃茶之中,它們豐富而厚重,因它們反映土壤,因那水傾注過他的風景。象任何一位被大自然驅使的作家一樣,他知道我們也許不可能對我們希望描寫的特定事物給出足夠的聲音:”世界遠大於我們的詞語,”他說—可他仍然,仍然設法去整個地擁抱它。
恐懼和憤怒的題材貫穿着這本拜瑞的詩選集,因為他直接面對失去生命,和失去他所熱愛的土地的不幸。可既使在死亡之河當中,向上湧出就是他在大自然整個過程中的信念。
承認天然的大地
我的身體就是並將是,
承認它的自由和
它的可變性。
還有:
我們居住的這個國家
被一個古森林
的鬼魂經常出沒…
它曾經站立,
並將恢復.會有
一個野性的復活。
在他選擇的詩中,拜瑞把我們帶進他的旅途,通過空間中的時間,通過為整合,為理解,為採納而鬥爭。他暴露他的憤怒,和恐怖,以及源起大地的神奇奧秘,並平靜地等待歌唱。
所以,如果你的心厭倦了觀察那不利於土地的貪婪掌控,厭倦了我們的引擎的臭氣或機器的呼叫聲,就花上幾小時走過這些詩。在拜瑞的作品中你會發現恆久不變的石頭和信念,一個大地可變性會提供道路的諾言…和既是在河水上漲時我們能夠被再保險的感覺:無論怎樣,土地將復活生命。
(本文作者瑪婭.車莉-科蘭朵Maia Cheli-Colando
為美國作家和攝影家,美國漢堡民間生活協會主席。)