温德尔.拜瑞(Wendell Berry)简介:
温德尔.拜瑞是一位美国诗人、随笔作家、农民和小说家, 他于1934 年8月5 日 出生在肯塔基的新堡。1956 年他在肯塔基大学获得英语学士, 1957 年又获得文学硕士学位。温德尔.拜瑞是三十二本诗歌、随笔和小说的书作者。自1965 年以来他工作在肯塔基亨利郡的一个农场。他曾是肯塔基大学的英语教授,并任在哥根海姆基金会和洛克菲勒基金会的理事。他的作品曾获过许多奖, 包括1971 年的国家艺术和文学院奖, 和最近因创造性写作而获的 T.S. 艾略特奖。他的书有: [家庭经济学],[动荡的美国: 文化与农业],[好土地的礼物],[性、经济、自由, 和社会]等。纽约书评介绍温德尔.拜瑞时写道:"一个肯塔基农民和作家, 也许是我们当代伟大的道德伦理随笔作家"。基督徒科学箴言报称:"拜瑞是我们现今先知的美国人的声音。"
温德尔.拜瑞诗(12首):
给我读者的一个警告
别以为我温柔和气
因为我对温和说赞美之词
别以为我高雅讲究
因为我尊敬这世界保有的优美之容
我是个与任何人一样的粗人
讲话粗鲁,不宽容,
固执,生气,易发作
勃然大怒。时常
我讲话还很好,
却不是很自然。
奇妙就是奇妙。
A Warning To My Readers
Do not think me gentle
because I speak in praise
of gentleness, or elegant
because I honor the grace
that keeps this world. I am
a man crude as any,
gross of speech, intolerant,
stubborn, angry, full
of fits and furies. That I
may have spoken well
at times, is not natural.
A wonder is what it is.
沉默
尽管空中充满歌唱
我的头脑却吵闹
词语的劳作。
尽管这季节果实丰富
我的舌头却要为
讲话的甜蜜而饥饿。
尽管这山毛榉色泽金黄
我却不能站它旁边
无语,而必须说
“它是金色的,”而叶子
却随着一个无名之声
摇曳飘落。
在沉默里
是我的希望,和目标。
一段歌
我不能讲出或唱出词
听似男人的沉默
象一个树根。让我说
而不哀悼:世界
在那处说的死亡中存活
并唱歌。
The Silence
Though the air is full of singing
my head is loud
with the labor of words.
Though the season is rich
with fruit, my tongue
hungers for the sweet of speech.
Though the beech is golden
I cannot stand beside it
mute, but must say
"It is golden," while the leaves
stir and fall with a sound
that is not a name.
It is in the silence
that my hope is, and my aim.
A song whose lines
I cannot make or sing
sounds men's silence
like a root. Let me say
and not mourn: the world
lives in the death of speech
and sings there.
树木
我分开盛气凌人的枝条
进入神圣的
赐福树下。
虽然我沉默
却有歌唱环绕我。
虽然我黯淡
却有视幻环绕我。
虽然我沉重
却有飞翔环绕我。
Woods
I part the out thrusting branches
and come in beneath
the blessed and the blessing trees.
Though I am silent
there is singing around me.
Though I am dark
there is vision around me.
Though I am heavy
there is flight around me.
蛇
在十月末
我在林地上发现
一条小蛇
背部装饰着暗色的图案
象他所躺在的树叶一般。
他的身体因一只鼠
或小鸟变粗了。他冻着了,
如此僵木因他鼓胀的腹部
和秋天的空气,他不能来回
转动他的舌头。
我握着他好长时间,考虑
他背上图案的完美,死物
肿胀了他,他活受严寒。
现在他的寒冷留在
我的手上,而我想着他
躺在冰点以下
带有一个死物的硕大支承他
长眠。
Snake
The Snake
At the end of October
I found on the floor of the woods
a small snake whose back
was patterned with the dark
of the dead leaves he lay on.
His body was thickened with a mouse
or small bird. He was cold,
so stuporous with his full belly
and the fall air that he hardly
troubled to flicker his tongue.
I held him a long time, thinking
of the perfection of the dark
marking on his back, the death
that swelled him, his living cold.
Now the cold of him stays
in my hand, and I think of him
lying below the frost,
big with a death to nourish him
during a long sleep.
我们需要的都在这里
大雁高高地在我们上方出现,
通过,而天空封闭。放弃,
如同在爱与睡眠里,保持
它们走它们的路,明确
在古老的信念里:我们需要的
都在这里。而我们祈祷,不
是为求新的大地或天堂,而是为了
心中平静从容,眼中清晰
明亮。我们需要的都在这里。
What We Need Is Here
Geese appear high over us,
pass, and the sky closes. Abandon,
as in love or sleep, holds
them to their way, clear
in the ancient faith: what we need
is here. And we pray, not
for new earth or heaven, but to be
quiet in heart, and in eye,
clear. What we need is here.
隐藏的歌手
神不那么神圣因为他们喜爱赞扬。
在他们上下是一种精神不需要什么
除了其自身完整,它的和我们的健康。
通过划分自己它已做成所有东西。
它会再次成为整体。
它的喜悦是因为我们走到一起—
看者与被看者,食者与被食者,
爱者与被爱者。
它在我们的结合中了解自己。然后与我们,
不是作为在非尘世之火中名至顶点的神,
而是作为一只隐藏在片片树叶之中的小鸟
平静地歌唱和等待,歌唱着。
The Hidden Singer
The gods are less for their love of praise.
Above and below them all is a spirit that needs nothing
but its own wholeness, its health and ours.
It has made all things by dividing itself.
It will be whole again.
To its joy we come together --
the seer and the seen, the eater and the eaten,
the lover and the loved.
In our joining it knows itself. It is with us then,
not as the gods whose names crest in unearthly fire,
but as a little bird hidden in the leaves
who sings quietly and waits, and sings.
实际工作
也许当我们不再知道
去做什么
我们才开始我们的实际工作,
而当我们不再知道
走哪条路
我们才开始我们的真正旅途。
不被使用的是难不倒的大脑。
被阻塞的是正在唱歌的小河。
The Real Work
It may be that when we no longer know what to do
we have come our real work,
and that when we no longer know which way to go
we have come to our real journey.
The mind that is not baffled is not employed.
The impeded stream is the one that sings.
生就务农的人
树的种植者,园丁,生就务农的人,
他的手触入大地而给他发芽的
土壤是一种神药。他一年年地进入
死亡,并回来庆祝。他看见光躺在
粪堆里,又在谷物中站起。
他的思绪象只鼹鼠沿着田垅边通行。
他吞下了何等神奇的种子
使他口中流出他的爱的无尽词句
象一根藤依附于阳光中,象水
降落在黑暗里。
The Man Born to Farming
The Grower of Trees, the gardener, the man born to farming,
whose hands reach into the ground and sprout
to him the soil is a divine drug. He enters into death
yearly, and comes back rejoicing. He has seen the light lie down
in the dung heap, and rise again in the corn.
His thought passes along the row ends like a mole.
What miraculous seed has he swallowed
That the unending sentence of his love flows out of his mouth
Like a vine clinging in the sunlight, and like water
Descending in the dark?
为了未来
我们在春天尽早植树,
做一个让鸟及时唱歌的去处。
我们又怎么晓得?
它们此时此地正正在唱歌。
没有其它的保证
那歌唱永远不停。
For The Future
Planting trees early in spring,
we make a place for birds to sing
in time to come. How do we know?
They are singing here now.
There is no other guarantee
that singing will ever be.
在这个世界里
小山牧场,一个林间空旷地,
倾斜入山谷。红花草和高高的青草
茁壮生长。沿着山脚
暗色的洪水流下河。
太阳落下。鸟儿抢在夜幕降落前歌唱。
我已攀上去饮马
现坐下休息,在高高的山坡上,
让这时日聚集并消失。在我之下
牛在宽广的低洼地上吃草,
象星星一般缓慢和专注。在这个世界里
人正制订计划,耗尽他们自己,
消磨他们的生活,为了相互残杀。
In this World
The hill pasture, an open place among the trees,
tilts into the valley. The clovers and tall grasses
are in bloom. Along the foot of the hill
dark floodwater moves down the river.
The sun sets. Ahead of nightfall the birds sing.
I have climbed up to water the horses
and now sit and rest, high on the hillside,
letting the day gather and pass. Below me
cattle graze out across the wide fields of the bottomlands,
slow and preoccupied as stars. In this world
men are making plans, wearing themselves out,
spending their lives, in order to kill each other.
在分离中的一次相遇
在一个梦中我遇见
我的亡友。我知道,
他走了很久很远,
可他还是那样
因为死者没有改变。
他们不再长老。
我却已经改变,
长得陌生于曾经的我。
可我,这改变了的人,
问到:“你一向怎样?”
他咧嘴看着我。
“我一直在吃强壮
美好树上掉下的桃子。”
A Meeting in A Part
In a dream I meet
my dead friend. He has,
I know, gone long and far,
and yet he is the same
for the dead are changeless.
They grow no older.
It is I who have changed,
grown strange to what I was.
Yet I, the changed one,
ask: "How you been?"
He grins and looks at me.
"I been eating peaches
off some mighty fine trees."
1991-I
这一年始于战争。
我们的炸弹日夜落下,
时时刻刻,通过死在
海外抚慰家里的
愤怒,愚蠢和贪心。
在我们令人眩晕的塔上
我们会完全统治世界。
我们的憎恨下来杀害
那些我们没看见的人,
因为我们已经把
我们的见解给了那些执政者
和机器,而现在是盲目
面对整个世界。
这是一个没有可爱的事
能够持久的国度。
我们践踏,欺诈和摧毁;
人民离开土地;
土地流到大海。
优秀男女死去,
精美老宅坍塌,
漂亮的古树跌倒在地;
高速公里和购物中心
还在保证这权力
和自由成为
一个和平的凶手,
一个杀人的崇拜者,
一个瘦小的贪食者,不
原谅敌人,不被人
原谅,我们生活自由
死亡,成为
我们已恐怕成为的东西。
1991-I
The year begins with war.
Our bombs fall day and night,
Hour after hour, by death
Abroad appeasing wrath,
Folly, and greed at home.
Upon our giddy tower
WeÕd oversway the world.
Our hate comes down to kill
Those whom we do not see,
For we have given up
Our sight to those in power
And to machines, and now
Are blind to all the world.
This is a nation where
No lovely thing can last.
We trample, gouge, and blast;
The people leave the land;
The land flows to the sea.
Fine men and women die,
The fine old houses fall,
The fine old trees come down:
Highway and shopping mall
Still guarantee the right
And liberty to be
A peaceful murderer,
A murderous worshipper,
A slender glutton, Forgiving
No enemy, forgiven
By none, we live the death
Of liberty, become
What we have feared to be.
[温德尔.拜瑞诗选] 评述:
如果我来评述[温德尔.拜瑞诗选] ,唯一公正的就是显露我对这部作品的偏心:只是这本诗选集把我对诗歌的激情从反常的睡眠中唤醒。拜瑞的写作使我笑声突发,令我双眼盈泪。这些诗在呼吸。
在他选择的诗中,温德尔.拜瑞为陷入与大地狂热的爱,为复活野性进行了深刻的争辩。他作为亲密教师分享他的土地的经验—一棵美国梧桐是一个走向高尚的向导,一片倾斜的岩石唱着他的一段历史,河流是他变化的黑暗奥秘的授课者。他的诗被浸泡在大地的浓茶之中,它们丰富而厚重,因它们反映土壤,因那水倾注过他的风景。象任何一位被大自然驱使的作家一样,他知道我们也许不可能对我们希望描写的特定事物给出足够的声音:”世界远大于我们的词语,”他说—可他仍然,仍然设法去整个地拥抱它。
恐惧和愤怒的题材贯穿着这本拜瑞的诗选集,因为他直接面对失去生命,和失去他所热爱的土地的不幸。可既使在死亡之河当中,向上涌出就是他在大自然整个过程中的信念。
承认天然的大地
我的身体就是并将是,
承认它的自由和
它的可变性。
还有:
我们居住的这个国家
被一个古森林
的鬼魂经常出没…
它曾经站立,
并将恢复.会有
一个野性的复活。
在他选择的诗中,拜瑞把我们带进他的旅途,通过空间中的时间,通过为整合,为理解,为采纳而斗争。他暴露他的愤怒,和恐怖,以及源起大地的神奇奥秘,并平静地等待歌唱。
所以,如果你的心厌倦了观察那不利于土地的贪婪掌控,厌倦了我们的引擎的臭气或机器的呼叫声,就花上几小时走过这些诗。在拜瑞的作品中你会发现恒久不变的石头和信念,一个大地可变性会提供道路的诺言…和既是在河水上涨时我们能够被再保险的感觉:无论怎样,土地将复活生命。
(本文作者玛娅.车莉-科兰朵Maia Cheli-Colando
为美国作家和摄影家,美国汉堡民间生活协会主席。)