美国最大的私人慈善基金之一——麦克阿瑟基金(John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation) 9月20日公布2005年“天才奖”(Genius Awards)获奖名单。来自中国大陆的33岁女学者、UC Berkeley助理教授陈露名列其中。
麦克阿瑟“天才奖”成立于1981年，奖金50万美元，分5年颁发，每年10万美元。获奖者可以自由支配奖金，对麦克阿瑟基金不必有任何承诺。
在自然科学方面,大陆出来的拿到这个天才奖的，除了陈露和科大校友、哈佛大学物理和化学系助理教授庄小威(2003)她们俩，还有杭州大学校友、密西根大学生命科学教授管坤良(1998)。
http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2005-09-19-macarthur-genius-grant_x.htm
Lu Chen named 2005 MacArthur Fellow
http://www.macfound.org/programs/fel/fellows/chen_lu.htm
http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/09/20_award.shtml
Lu Chen
Neuroscientist
Assistant Professor of Neurobiology
University of California / Berkeley
Berkeley, California
Age: 33
Lu Chen is a neuroscientist who is probing the mysteries of the synapse, the anatomical structure that mediates chemical signals sent from one neuron to another. Specifically, she explores the mechanisms underlying the function of synapses that use the neurotransmitter glutamate (the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system). This transmitter interacts with postsynaptic neurons with several different types of receptors: kainate, NMDA, and AMPA. Studies of a genetically mutated mouse strain showed that AMPA receptor function is disrupted by the lack of stargazin, a protein homologous with a subunit of the calcium channel. Through a combination of molecular genetic, cell biology, biochemical, and electrophysiologic approaches, Chen and her colleagues were able to demonstrate that stargazin plays a key role in the structural integrity of the AMPA receptor complex. Chen created a line of non-neuronal cells that express each of the AMPA receptor components; in co-culture with hippocampal neurons, she showed that the neurons induced the xxxxation of functional AMPA receptors in the non-neuronal cell line, and that stargazin represents an essential element of the receptor assembly. This observation opens a new avenue for exploring the role of accessory proteins in synaptic xxxxation and plasticity. The potential impact is tremendous not just for understanding the basic biology of learning and memory, but also in the development of new kinds of treatments for neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Lu Chen received a B.S. (1993) from the University of Science and Technology of China, and a Ph.D. (1998) from the University of Southern California. Chen was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Southern California (1998-99) and the University of California San Francisco (1999-2002). Since 2003, she has been an assistant professor of neurobiology at the University of California, Berkeley, where she is also a member of the Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. Her research has been published in such academic journals as Nature, the Journal of Neuroscience, and the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.
2005 MacArthur Fellows Overview
Marin Alsop
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra
Poole, England
Age: 48 Conductor introducing a varied and challenging repertoire with a unique presentation approach and newly interpreting classical music to orchestras and audiences alike.
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Ted Ames
Unaffiliated
Stonington, Maine
Age: 66 Fisherman fusing the roles of applied scientist and lobsterman to respond to increasing threats to the fishery ecosystem and to suggest needed changes in fisheries management.
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Terry Belanger
University Professor and Honorary Curator of Special Collections
University of Virginia
Charlottesville, Virginia
Age: 64 Rare Book Preservationist raising the profile of the book as one of humankind’s greatest inventions and as an integral part of the history of technology and human communication.
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Edet Belzberg
Unaffiliated
New York, New York
Age: 35 Documentary Filmmaker capturing riveting and wrenching stories that depict the lives and realities of children in overlooked and under-explored conditions.
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Majora Carter
Founder and xxxxutive Director
Sustainable South Bronx
Bronx, New York
Age: 38 Urban Revitalization Strategist transxxxxing the quality of life for South Bronx residents by creating new opportunities for transportation, recreation, nutrition, and economic development.
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Lu Chen
Assistant Professor of Neurobiology
University of California / Berkeley
Berkeley, California
Age: 33 Neuroscientist probing the complexities of synaptic transmission in the brain, gaining new insights into the processes of learning and memory.
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Michael Cohen
President
Institute for Safe Medication Practices
Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania
Age: 61 Pharmacist reducing preventable drug and drug delivery mistakes by xxxxulating solutions and giving national visibility to the ubiquitous and serious problems of medication error in the healthcare industry.
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Joseph Curtin
Principal
Joseph Curtin Studios
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Age: 52 Violinmaker introducing to a venerable craft new strategies, expertise, and materials to produce new and world-class violins for the twenty-first century.
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Aaron Dworkin
Founder and President
The Sphinx Organization
Detroit, Michigan
Age: 35 Music Educator opening access for increased numbers of minorities to careers in classical music and giving voice to diverse talent and perspective in American symphonies.
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Teresita Fernández
Unaffiliated
New York, New York
Age: 37 Sculptor integrating architecture and the optical effects of color and light into exquisitely constructed, contemplative spaces.
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Claire Gmachl
Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering
Princeton University
Princeton, New Jersey
Age: 38 Laser Technologist engineering state-of-the-art lasers for novel applications in environmental monitoring, clinical diagnoses, chemical process control, and homeland security.
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Sue Goldie
Associate Professor of Health Decision Science
Harvard University / School of Public Health
Boston, Massachusetts
Age: 43 Physician /Researcher applying rigorous analyses and interventions to transxxxx women’s healthcare around the world and to reduce female morbidity and mortality in underserved populations.
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Steven Goodman
Field Biologist, Department of Zoology
The Field Museum of Natural History
Chicago, Illinois
Antananarivo, Madagascar
Age: 48 Conservation Biologist studying, documenting, and protecting the endangered, diverse, and previously unknown plants and animals of Madagascar.
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Pehr Harbury
Associate Professor of Biochemistry
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Age: 40 Biochemist exploring the structure and activity of proteins, and developing new methods for synthesizing drugs and other biologically active molecules.
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Nicole King
Assistant Professor of Molecular and Cell Biology
University of California / Berkeley
Berkeley, California
Age: 35 Molecular Biologist reconstructing the emergence of multicellular organisms from unicellular life and shedding new light on the development of genes and the process of evolution.
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Jon Kleinberg
Professor of Computer Science
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
Age: 33 Computer Scientist revealing the deep structure of complex networks such as genomes or computer networks, and creating new methods to extract the inxxxxation embedded in them.
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Jonathan Lethem
Unaffiliated
Brooklyn, New York
Age: 41 Novelist weaving the conventions of noir mysteries, westerns, science fiction, and comic books into narratives that explore the relationship between high art and popular culture.
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Michael Manga
Associate Professor of Earth and Planetary Science
University of California / Berkeley
Berkeley, California
Age: 37 Geophysicist identifying within fluids, such as molten magma and subterranean water, clues for understanding basic geological forces and forecasting of seismic activity on earth and beyond.
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Todd Martinez
Professor of Chemistry
University of Illinois / Urbana-Champaign
Urbana, Illinois
Age: 37 Theoretical Chemist revealing fundamental insights into the physical basis for chemical reactions by developing new strategies for computing the quantum mechanical properties of complex molecules.
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Julie Mehretu
Unaffiliated
New York, New York
Age: 34 Painter creating dazzling, layered pictorial planes of geometric abstractions, iconic imagery, and figurative markings that transxxxx canvases into visually compelling excavations of multiple epochs and locales.
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Kevin M. Murphy
George J. Stigler Distinguished Service Professor
University of Chicago / Graduate School of Business
Chicago, Illinois
Age: 47 Economist revealing economic forces shaping vital social phenomena such as wage inequality, unemployment, addiction, medical research, and economic growth.
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Olufunmilayo Olopade
Professor of Medicine and Human Genetics
University of Chicago Hospitals
Chicago, Illinois
Age: 48 Clinician /Researcher translating findings on the molecular genetics of breast cancer in African-American and African women into innovative clinical practices in the United States and abroad.
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Fazal Sheikh
Unaffiliated
Zurich, Switzerland
Age: 40 Photographer using the personalizing power of portraiture to bring the faces of the world’s displaced people into focus.
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Emily Thompson
Associate Professor of History
University of California / San Diego
San Diego, California
Age: 43 Aural Historian bridging the history of the United States and the histories of technology, science, sound, and acoustics to examine transxxxxations in the American soundscape.
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Michael Walsh
Technical Consultant
Unaffiliated
Arlington, Virginia
Age: 62 Vehicle Emissions Specialist designing and implementing inventive, cost-effective programs to improve air quality for populations around the globe.
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